Defining Causality in Covid-19 and Google Search Trends in Java, Indonesia Cases: A Retrospective Analysis

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has led all countries around the world to the unpredicted situation. It is such a crucial to investigate novel approaches in predicting the future behaviour of the outbreak. In this paper, Google trend analysis will be employed to analyse the seek pattern of Covid-19 cases. The first method to investigate the seek information behaviour related to Covid-19 outbreak is using lag-correlation between two time series data per regional data. The second method is used to encounter the cause-effect relation between time series data. We apply statistical methods for causal inference in epidemics. Our focus is on predicting the causal-effect relationship between information-seeking patterns and Google search in the Covid-19 pandemic. We propose the using of Granger Causality method to analyse the causal relation between incidence data and Google Trend Data.

TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY AND BURNOUT DURING ONLINE SCHOOL

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition to the online education substantially changed the characteristics of the teachers’ activities, especially due to the intensive use of telecommunications. A number of recent studies are already exploring the effects of these framework changes on individual behavior and drawing attention to the risks of mental health for those involved. Previous data indicate that the level of burnout experienced between the teachers is much stronger compared to the symptoms felt by other professionals (Shoji et al., 2016), but studies exploring the stress and burnout associated with working online are incipient. The present study analyzes the relationship between burnout and self-efficacy for a group of 50 teachers from a secondary school during online teaching. The need to research this correlation starts from the premise that self-perceived effectiveness is important in mobilizing the teachers for the expected changes during online teaching. Previous data indicate an inverse correlation between self-efficacy and burnout (Friedman, 2003), respectively between teachers self-efficacy and two facets of the burnout: emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010). Our aim is to explore the momentary correlation between the dependent variables and to estimate the factors that had a negative impact on the perceived self-efficacy of teachers during online work. Even if the captured data cannot be generalized and we cannot talk about a cause-effect relation, the present study captures a real moment that can substantiate an improvement/optimization of the intervention, at least at the level of the reference/referential school.

Causal Pathway Extraction from Web-Board Documents

This research aim is to extract causal pathways, particularly disease causal pathways, through cause-effect relation (CErel) extraction from web-board documents. The causal pathways benefit people with a comprehensible representation approach to disease complication. A causative/effect-concept expression is based on a verb phrase of an elementary discourse unit (EDU) or a simple sentence. The research has three main problems; how to determine CErel on an EDU-concept pair containing both causative and effect concepts in one EDU, how to extract causal pathways from EDU-concept pairs having CErel and how to indicate and represent implicit effect/causative-concept EDUs as implicit mediators with comprehension on extracted causal pathways. Therefore, we apply EDU’s word co-occurrence concept (wrdCoc) as an EDU-concept and the self-Cartesian product of a wrdCoc set from the documents for extracting wrdCoc pairs having CErel into a wrdCoc-pair set from the documents after learning CErel on wrdCoc pairs by supervised-machine learning. The wrdCoc-pair set is used for extracting the causal pathways by wrdCoc-pair matching through the documents. We then propose transitive closure and a dynamic template to indicate and represent the implicit mediators with the explicit ones. In contrast to previous works, the proposed approach enables causal-pathway extraction with high accuracy from the documents.

The role of reliable mining and construction analysis in adjudicating mining damage claims

The basis for recognising claims for mining damage to a structure should be a mining and construction analysis, carried out following a detailed visual inspection of the damage and the results of surface deformation measurements. It allows to establish a cause and effect relation between the activity of the mining company and the damage. Unfortunately, there are cases when such an analysis is omitted and the following scheme is used: "since there is damage and the object is located in a mining area, it is mining damage". The problem is illustrated by two court cases where the author acted as an expert witness. Both cases are examples of the so-called pseudo-mining damage and confirm the thesis that the mere image of damage without professional analysis of construction and mining factors may lead to wrong conclusions regarding the causes of the damage.

Analysis of fitness among Korean adults by the cause–effect relation in lump mean scheme

Background The aim of this study was to examine whether the fitness of Korean adults can be analyzed by the cause-effect relation using the linearity or Gaussianity in the lump mean scheme (LMS). Methods This study analyzed previous results for the sit-up test obtained in the LMS by regression analysis in Sigmaplot 14. The effects of the body mass index (BMI) and new waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R) introduced by the present author on fitness were investigated. Results The distribution of the sit-up test score with respect to the BMI and WHT2R were interpreted by their Gaussianity and linearity, respectively. This means that the muscular endurance of males is determined by two causes (fat and muscle) when the BMI is a variable and one cause (abdominal fat) when the WHT2R is a variable. Conclusions Personal exercise aims were simpler to establish using WHT2R than using BMI. On the other hand, it was recommended for people with a low BMI to increase their fitness using exercises that increase their muscle mass.

Analysis of Fitness Among Korean Adults by the Cause-Effect Relation in Lump Mean Scheme

Background: This study examined whether the fitness of Korean adults can be analyzed by the cause-effect relation using the linearity or Gaussianity in the lump mean scheme (LMS).Methods: This study analyzed previous results for the sit-up test obtained in the LMS by regression analysis in Sigmaplot 14. The effects of the body mass index (BMI) and new waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R) introduced by the present author on fitness were investigated.Results: The distribution of the sit-up test score with respect to the BMI and WHT2R were interpreted by their Gaussianity and linearity, respectively. This means that the muscular endurance of males is determined by two causes (fat and muscle) when the BMI is a variable and one cause (abdominal fat) when the WHT2R is a variable.Conclusions: Personal exercise aims were simpler to establish using WHT2R than using BMI. On the other hand, it was recommended for people with a low BMI to increase their fitness using exercises that increase their muscle mass.

Reversible Parkinsonism due to Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report

Although Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is frequent in elderly patients, the CSDH can exceptionally cause a parkinsonism or aggravation of pre-existing parkinsonism. Only 27 cases reversible parkinsonism due to chronic subdural hematoma was reported in the literature. Disappearance of the extra pyramidal symptoms followed craniotomy and removal of the CSDH suggest a cause-and-effect relation between the haematoma and the clinical symptomatology. A case of a 62-year-old man with a two weeks history of parkinsonism caused by a CSDH reversible after surgery evacuation of the haematoma is reported. CSDH is a rare cause of reversible parkinsonism after surgery. CT scan must be recognized in any acute Parkinsonism or any deterioration of preexisting Parkinson disease to diagnose the Parkinsonism secondary to CSDH.

Migration aspirations of territory population: A case study of Ukraine

The level of positive migration aspirations of the population is determined by the unfavorable socio-economic environment and ineffective management of territory development, in particular the level of deprivation, including labor, security and living conditions. The paper aims to assess the impact of different components of deprivation on the spread of migration aspirations and create the landscape of a territory migration capacity. The methodological tool of the study is a sociological survey (a case study of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) using a questionnaire (self-administration), which covered more than 500 people. Processing of results is carried out using SPSS software. The results of the sociological survey across migration vectors show the cause-effect relation between positive external aspirations and deprivation components. According to the assessment, the EU countries vector (72.0%) has the highest level of positive migration aspirations by income deprivation, and domestic migration vector – the lowest level (41.0%). The highest deprivation levels among socio-economic, environmental, and medical-demographical conditions for ineffective management of Lviv Oblast was detected for educational services with the level of 3.6 out of 5 possible, moderate level – for living and environmental conditions (2.9 each), and the lowest one for medical services (2.7). The spread of deprivation components at the territory according to the level of positive migration aspirations analysis shown that the highest deprivation levels in Lviv Oblast are peculiar to components such as the quality of medical services (43.4%), income (36.5%), and living conditions (35.1%). This study is of practical value for forming landscape of territory migration capacity including weighed migration aspirations and socio-economic deprivation levels. AcknowledgmentsThe study has been conducted within the framework of Applied Research “Financial determinants of the provision of economic growth in the regions and territorial communities based on behavioral economy” with the support of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the grant Reg. No. 2020.02/0215, 2020-2022).