scholarly journals A Detailed Testing Procedure of Numerical Differential Protection Relay for EHV Auto Transformer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8447
Author(s):  
Umer Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Umar Javed ◽  
Khurram Shabih Zaidi ◽  
Ateeq Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Protection Relay ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Extra High Voltage ◽  
Shunt Reactors ◽  
Secondary Injection

In power systems, the programmable numerical differential relays are widely used for the protection of generators, bus bars, transformers, shunt reactors, and transmission lines. Retrofitting of relays is the need of the hour because lack of proper testing techniques and misunderstanding of vital procedures may result in under performance of the overall protection system. Lack of relay’s proper testing provokes an unpredictability in its behavior, that may prompt tripping of a healthy power system. Therefore, the main contribution of the paper is to prepare a step-by-step comprehensive procedural guideline for practical implementation of relay testing procedures and a detailed insight analysis of relay’s settings for the protection of an Extra High Voltage (EHV) auto transformer. The experimental results are scrutinized to document a detailed theoretical and technical analysis. Moreover, the paper also covers shortcomings of existing literature by documenting specialized literature that covers all aspects of protection relays, i.e., from basics of electromechanical domain to the technicalities of the numerical differential relay covering its detailed testing from different reputed manufacturers. A secondary injection relay test set is used for detailed testing of differential relay under test, and the S1 Agile software is used for protection relay settings, configuration modification, and detailed analysis.

scholarly journals Accurate Fault Classifier and Locator for EHV Transmission Lines Based on Artificial Neural Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Ben Hessine ◽  
Souad Ben Saber
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Instantaneous Current ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Extra High Voltage

The ability to identify the fault type and to locate the fault in extra high voltage transmission lines is very important for the economic operation of modern power systems. Accurate algorithms for fault classification and location based on artificial neural network are suggested in this paper. Two fault classification algorithms are presented; the first one uses the single ANN approach and the second one uses the modular ANN approach. A comparative study of two classifiers is done in order to choose which ANN fault classifier structure leads to the best performance. Design and implementation of modular ANN-based fault locator are presented. Three fault locators are proposed and a comparative study of the three fault locators is carried out in order to determine which fault locator architecture leads to the accurate fault location. Instantaneous current and/or voltage samples were used as inputs to ANNs. For fault classification, only the pre-fault and post-fault samples of three-phase currents were used. For fault location, pre-fault and post-fault samples of three-phase currents and/or voltages were used. The proposed algorithms were evaluated under different fault scenarios. Studied simulation results which are presented confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

scholarly journals Finite Element Modeling of Shunt Reactors Used in High Voltage Power Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7411-7416
Author(s):  
T. P. Minh ◽  
H. B. Duc ◽  
N. P. Hoai ◽  
T. T. Cong ◽  
M. B. Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Extra High Voltage ◽  
Shunt Reactors ◽  
Copper Losses

Shunt reactors are important components for high-voltage and extra high voltage transmission systems with large line lengths. They are used to absorb excess reactive power generated by capacitive power on the lines when no-load or under-load occurs. In addition, they play an important role in balancing the reactive power on the system, avoiding overvoltage at the end of the lines, and maintaining voltage stability at the specified level. In this paper, an analytical method based on the theory of magnetic circuit model is used to compute the electromagnetic fields of shunt reactors and then a finite element method is applied to simulate magnetic field distributions, joule power losses, and copper losses in the magnetic circuit. In order to reduce magnetic flux and avoid magnetic circuit saturation, it is necessary to increase the reluctance of the magnetic circuit by adding air gaps in the iron core. The air gaps are arranged along the iron core to decrease the influence of flux fringing around the air gap on shunt reactors' total loss. Non-magnetic materials are often used at the air gaps to separate the iron cores. The ANSYS Electronics Desktop V19.R1 is used as a computation and simulation tool in this paper.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATING MODES OF BULK ELECTRICAL NETWORKS BY CRITERIA ACTIVE POWER LOSSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (59) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
V.V. Kuchanskyy ◽  
◽  
D.O. Malakhatka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Active Power Losses ◽  
Shunt Reactors

It is shown that the use of controlled shunt reactors enables, based on ultra-high voltage transmission lines, to create a controlled generation of new generation FACTS types that meet the requirements of modern power systems and combinations. Typical modes of operation of the high-voltage power line with installed controlled shunt reactors are analyzed. The efficiency of the use of controlled shunt reactors as measures of transverse compensation in ultrahigh voltage transmission lines is shown. The article shows that due to a smooth change in the consumption of excess reactive power of the transmission line, the normalization of the voltage values is achieved, and, accordingly, the total power losses are reduced. Ref. 9, fig. 3, tables 3.

scholarly journals A Method for Autonomous Navigation and Positioning of UAV Based on Electric Field Array Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yincheng Li ◽  
Wenbin Zhang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Youhuan Ning ◽  
Chunguang Suo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Field Source ◽  
Navigation Algorithm ◽  
Safety Warning ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Navigation Equipment

At present, the method of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with traditional navigation equipment for inspection of overhead transmission lines has the limitations of expensive sensors, difficult data processing, and vulnerable to weather and environmental factors, which cannot ensure the safety of UAV and power systems. Therefore, this paper establishes a mathematical model of spatial distribution of transmission lines to study the field strength distribution information around transmission lines. Based on this, research the navigation and positioning algorithm. The data collected by the positioning system are input into the mathematical model to complete the identification, positioning, and safety distance diagnosis of the field source. The detected data and processing results can provide reference for UAV obstacle avoidance navigation and safety warning. The experimental results show that the positioning effect of the positioning navigation algorithm is obvious, and the positioning error is within the range of use error and has good usability and application value.

Influence of soils on extra high voltage offshore transmission lines

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Fischer ◽  
Lawrence A. Salomone ◽  
Ian Watson
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Extra High Voltage
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