scholarly journals Diagnostic Assessment and Restoration Plan for Damaged Forest around the Seokpo Zinc Smelter, Central Eastern Korea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Areum Kim ◽  
Bongsoon Lim ◽  
Jaewon Seol ◽  
Chihong Lim ◽  
Younghan You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Soil Amelioration ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Vegetation Damage

Research Highlights: This study was carried out to diagnose the forest ecosystem damaged by air pollution and to then develop a restoration plan to be used in the future. The restoration plan was prepared by combining the diagnostic assessment for the damaged forest ecosystem and the reference information obtained from the conservation reserve with an intact forest ecosystem. The restoration plan includes the method for the amelioration of the acidified soil and the plant species to be introduced for restoration of the damaged vegetation depending on the degree of damage. Background and Objectives: The forest ecosystem around the Seokpo smelter was so severely damaged that denuded lands without any vegetation appear, and landslides continue. Therefore, restoration actions are urgently required to prevent more land degradation. This study aims to prepare the restoration plan. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic evaluation was carried out through satellite image analysis and field surveys for vegetation damage and soil acidification. The reference information was obtained from the intact natural forest ecosystem. Results: Vegetation damage was severe near the pollution source and showed a reducing trend as it moved away. The more severe the vegetation damage, the more acidic the soil was, and thereby the exchangeable cation content and vegetation damage were significantly correlated. The restoration plan was prepared by proposing a soil amelioration method and the plants to be introduced. The soil amelioration method focuses on ameliorating acidified soil and supplementing insufficient nutrients. The plants to be introduced for restoring the damaged forest ecosystem were prepared by compiling the reference information, the plants tolerant to the polluted environment, and the early successional species. The restoration plan proposed the Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Cornuscontroversa–Juglansmandshurica communities as the reference conditions for the ridge, slope, and valley, respectively, by reflecting the topographic condition. Conclusions: The result of a diagnostic assessment showed that ecological restoration is required urgently as vegetation damage and soil acidification are very severe. The restoration plan was prepared by compiling the results of these diagnostic assessments and reference information collected from intact natural forests. The restoration plan was prepared in the two directions of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.

scholarly journals Evaluating incentive-based programs to support forest ecosystem services

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM NIKOLAKIS ◽  
JOHN L. INNES
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
South America ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Forests are the most widespread terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. In 2015, natural forests accounted for 93% (3.7 billion ha) of this global forest area (FAO 2016), albeit only 26% of these are primary forest (i.e. old-growth or ancient woodland). Since 1990, 31 million ha of primary forest have been modified or cleared, and a net loss of 129 million ha of natural forest has occurred (–0.13%/year) (FAO 2016). This deforestation has largely been in tropical South America and Africa, where forests have been cleared and converted for agricultural uses, resulting in habitat loss and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Amenity Value of Forest Ecosystem Services: Perspectives from the Use of Sustainable Green Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Yu Liu ◽  
Yen-Yu Lin ◽  
Han-Shen Chen ◽  
Chi-Ming Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Amenity Value ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Due to the fragility of forest ecosystems, developing forest recreational resources must consider sustainable ecological, economic, and social development, and reduce impacts from recreational activities. Diverse forests with different biodiversity could promote forest ecosystem services and resistance to the pressure of tourism development. Under such circumstance, it is important to ensure that the travel and tourism industry develops under the principle of sustainable management and assists ecosystem conservation. Forest ecosystem services (FES) have received increasing attention. Especially, the amenity value provided by FES is beneficial for enhancing human health, and has gained popularity. Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) has the greatest natural forests in Taiwan, and tourists visit the HNFP for the well-preserved environment, abundance of green space, cleanliness, beautiful scenery, and quietness. This study assessed the amenity value of the Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) by adopting the payment card method via face-to-face survey data of 223 respondents. The annual amenity value of the HNFP per person is NT$2884 in winter and NT$2905 in summer. The total annual amenity value of the HNFP is NT$473,978,430–474,755,774. The results showed that gender, age, education level, monthly income, place of residence, participation in environmental groups, frequency of visiting the HNFP, and stay period significantly influence willingness to pay (WTP). This study concludes that an ecologically sustainable forest with ecosystem services could provide multiple benefits to different stakeholders.

The proton cycle of a deciduous forest ecosystem in the Netherlands and its implications for soil acidification

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Verstraten ◽  
J. C. R. Dopheide ◽  
J. J. H. M. Duysings ◽  
A. Tietema ◽  
W. Bouten
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Deciduous Forest

scholarly journals Change in tropical forest cover of Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Stibig ◽  
F. Achard ◽  
S. Carboni ◽  
R. Raši ◽  
J. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change

Abstract. The study assesses the extent and trends of forest cover in Southeast Asia for the periods 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 and provides an overview on the main causes of forest cover change. A systematic sample of 418 sites (10 km × 10 km size) located at the one-degree geographical confluence points and covered with satellite imagery of 30 m resolution is used for the assessment. Techniques of image segmentation and automated classification are combined with visual satellite image interpretation and quality control, involving forestry experts from Southeast Asian countries. The accuracy of our results is assessed through an independent consistency assessment, performed from a subsample of 1572 mapping units and resulting in an overall agreement of >85% for the general differentiation of forest cover versus non-forest cover. The total forest cover of Southeast Asia is estimated at 268 Mha in 1990, dropping to 236 Mha in 2010, with annual change rates of 1.75 Mha (∼0.67%) and 1.45 Mha (∼0.59%) for the periods 1990–2000 and 2000–2010, respectively. The vast majority of forest cover loss (∼2 / 3 for 2000–2010) occurred in insular Southeast Asia. Complementing our quantitative results by indicative information on patterns and on processes of forest change, obtained from the screening of satellite imagery and through expert consultation, respectively, confirms the conversion of forest to cash crops plantations (including oil palm) as the main cause of forest loss in Southeast Asia. Logging and the replacement of natural forests by forest plantations are two further important change processes in the region.

scholarly journals A Segmentation Method of Fused Multispectral and Panchromatic Images using Quick Shift Algorithm and Brovey Transform

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 486-494
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Current System ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Segmentation Technique ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Fused Image ◽  
Satellite Image Processing

Satellite Image Processing has always been a good domain to carry out researches. This is mainly due to the probability of the vast nature of the domain. There are many Image fusions and segmentation methods are available in the area of Satellite Image Processing. The presented research work proposes the image fusion method to inter twined the high determination panchromatic (PAN) picture and the low-determination multispectral picture to gain the multispectral image of high determination. For picture fusion the Brovey transform is used. The derived inter twined picture is granted as an input to the further segmentation process. Segmentation of the image obtained after the fusion is done and the recognition of land, marine, plantation and residential ranges are shown in the picture of the particular location gained from the satellite. For the segmentation of the fused satellite picture the Quick Shift Segmentation clustering technique is used. Utilizing Quick Shift Segmentation on the combined image the various sections can easily be identified as compared to the unprocessed picture gain from the satellite. Scientists utilize Brovey transform to intertwined RGB colour pictures to high determination panchromatic (PAN) pictures. In the proposed work, the main focus is to degrade spectral irregularity and enhancement of spatial data on merging the pictures of satellite Limitation of the current technique of the combination of images for example restricted directionality, shift invariant, absence of the data are amended by using Brovey transformation. The outcomes of the current system are generally unsatisfied. To overcome this Quick Shift Segmentation technique is used with the Brovey transform in the proposed system. The exactness of segmented image is checked with respect to reference information. The fused image segmentation outcomes have been ascertained and it shows that Brovey transform with interaction of Quick Shift Segmentation technique provides more successive outcomes.

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