scholarly journals Patterns of Leaf Morphological Traits of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along an Altitudinal Gradient

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
George C. Adamidis ◽  
Georgios Varsamis ◽  
Ioannis Tsiripidis ◽  
Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Shade Leaves

Broadleaved tree species in mountainous populations usually demonstrate high levels of diversity in leaf morphology among individuals, as a response to a variety of environmental conditions associated with changes in altitude. We investigated the parameters shaping leaf morphological diversity in 80 beech individuals (Fagus sylvatica L.), in light and shade leaves, growing along an elevational gradient and under different habitat types on Mt. Paggeo in northeastern Greece. A clear altitudinal pattern was observed in the morphological leaf traits expressing lamina size and shape; with increasing altitude, trees had leaves with smaller laminas, less elongated outlines, and fewer pairs of secondary veins. However, this altitudinal trend in leaf morphology was varied in different habitat types. Furthermore, the shade leaves and light leaves showed differences in their altitudinal trend. Traits expressing lamina shape in shade leaves were more related to altitude, while leaf size appeared to be more influenced by habitat type. While the altitudinal trend in leaf morphology has been well documented for numerous broadleaved tree species, in a small spatial scale, different patterns emerged across different habitat types. This morphological variability among trees growing in a mountainous population indicates a high potential for adaptation to environmental extremes.

Modelling growing space of four valuable broadleaved tree species in southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Johanna Schuler ◽  
Josephine Cueni ◽  
Heinrich Spiecker ◽  
Wen-Fu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree

scholarly journals A double-digitising method for building 3D virtual trees with non-planar leaves: application to the morphology and light-capture properties of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Chambelland ◽  
Mathieu Dassot ◽  
Boris Adam ◽  
Nicolas Donès ◽  
Philippe Balandier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Light Capture

We developed a double-digitising method combining a hand-held electromagnetic digitizer and a non-contact 3D laser scanner. The former was used to record the positions of all leaves in a tree and the orientation angles of their lamina. The latter served to obtain the morphology of the leaves sampled in the tree. As the scanner outputs a cloud of points, software was developed to reconstruct non-planar (NP) leaves composed of triangles, and to compute numerical shape parameters: midrib curvature, torsion and transversal curvature of the lamina. The combination of both methods allowed construction of 3D virtual trees with NP leaves. The method was applied to young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from different sunlight environments (from 1 to 100% incident light) in a forest in central France. Leaf morphology responded to light availability, with a more bent shape in well-lit leaves. Light interception at the leaf scale by NP leaves decreased from 4 to 10% for shaded and sunlit leaves compared with planar leaves. At the tree scale, light interception by trees made of NP leaves decreased by 1 to 3% for 100% to 1% light, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of the production potential of raw wood in the forests of Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
R. Petráš ◽  
J. Mecko
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Production of raw wood material and its regulation has a great ecological and economic importance in every country. The aim of the paper is to analyze the prospective production of raw wood with respect to the expected basic tree species composition and assortment structure on an example of long-term development of selected indicators of forest condition in Slovakia. For this analysis we used data on the area, growing stock and planned decennial timber felling in the forests of Slovakia in 1980, 1996 and 2003. The production potential of forests was evaluated on the basis of the annual perspective allowable cut by 2020, from which the prospective production of assortments was derived using the models of assortment yield tables of tree species. The results show that in the forests of Slovakia there is an about half proportion of coniferous and half proportion of broadleaved tree species, very good structure of growing stock as well as its trend in the last years. Production of raw wood assortments for industrial processing for the years 2010–2020 is limited by the volume 6.3–6.4 mil. m<sup>3</sup>. About one half of this volume comes from coniferous and the other half from broadleaved tree species. For coniferous tree species the proportion of spruce and fir is 87% and for broadleaved tree species the proportion of beech and oak is 80%. For coniferous tree species sawmill assortments have a decisive, almost 70% proportion. Regarding broadleaved tree species, pulpwood assortments with 47% proportion prevail, although with 11% the highest quality assortments for the production of veneer from beech and oak are also significant.

Ponderosa Pine Habitat Types as an Indicator of Site Quality in the Dixie National Forest, Utah

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Verbyla ◽  
Richard F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Quercus Gambelii ◽  
Generally True

Abstract Forest habitat types have been purported to be useful indicators of site quality. This is generally true for habitat types with different dominant tree species. However, few have studied the site indicator value of habitat types with the same dominant tree species. We measured site index (base age 25) from 172 randomly selected plots within the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone of the Dixie National Forest, Utah. The range of site index within any one habitat type was broad. Poor sites occurred on all five habitat types. However, the best sites occurred only on the Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos oreophilus and Pinus ponderosa/Quercus gambelii habitat types. Therefore, habitat type may be useful in predicting the best sites, but only if other site information is used in addition to habitat type. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):52-54, April 1989.

scholarly journals Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

scholarly journals Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9168
Author(s):  
Ferréol Berendt ◽  
Eduardo Tolosana ◽  
Stephan Hoffmann ◽  
Paula Alonso ◽  
Janine Schweier
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Thinning Operation ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Multiple Tree

The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation, for felling and processing standing trees and for processing bunched trees, through a time study in forest stands with 40-m distances between machine operating trails. Total operational costs of the analyzed thinning operation were 69 €/m3o.b., including extraction using a multiple forwarder approach. Tree species, merchantable timber volume, and whether the trees were standing or presented as bunched logs all had a significant effect on the harvester time consumption. Moreover, harvester positioning time was significantly shorter when trees were already bunched at the machine operating trail. While the productivity of standing or bunched spruce trees did not differ significantly between the cases (approximately 18 m3o.b./productive machine hours excluding all delays (PMH0)), the productivity of standing broadleaved tree species (8.3 m3o.b./PMH0) was much lower than that of bunched trees (15.5 m3o.b./PMH0). Thus, the described timber harvesting and extraction system may be a valuable option for forest stands with high proportion of broadleaved trees.

scholarly journals Analysis of standing timber sales based on overall coniferous/broadleaved tree species ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
S. Slanina ◽  
P. Natov ◽  
J. Dvořák ◽  
B. Gabrielová
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Standing Timber
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