The Influence of Timber Types, Assortments, Qualities, Cuttings, Timber Tracts, Prices, Places, and Marketing Expenses on Timber Sales Volumes

The timber industry is one source of state revenue that plays an essential role in the forestry sector. However, this sector only grew by 3.66% in the Q4 of 2019, compared to the same period in 2018 by 4.25%. Timber sales also decreased by 5.6% due to several factors such as price adjustments, timber availability, and the quality level of the timber sold. This research aims to analyze the influence of the 4Ps of Marketing, namely products and their attributes in timber type, assortment, quality, cutting, timber tract, price, place, and marketing expenses on timber sales volume in July - December 2019. This research uses secondary data, which are processed using the multiple regression analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the type of timber (X1), assortment (X2), quality (X3), cutting (X4), timber tract (X5), and price (X6) partially have a significant effect on timber sales volume (Y). Meanwhile, place (X7) and marketing expenses (X8) partially have no significant impact on the timber sales volume (Y). However, simultaneously all these variables have a significant effect on the timber sales volume (Y).

Wood Products for Cultural Uses: Sustaining Native Resilience and Vital Lifeways in Southeast Alaska, USA

Ongoing revitalization of the >5000-year-old tradition of using trees for vital culture and heritage activities including carving and weaving affirms Alaska Native resilience. However, support for these sustained cultural practices is complicated by environmental and political factors. Carving projects typically require western redcedar (Thuja plicata) or yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) trees more than 450 years of age—a tree life stage and growth rate inconsistent with current even-aged forest management strategies. Herein, we qualitatively assess the significance of wood products to rural communities and Indigenous cultures with implications for natural heritage sustainability. In partnership with Alaska Native Tribes, we engaged local youth programs to lead community discussions throughout southeast Alaska to provide specificity to the suite of cultural activities linked to regional forest lands. Results from 58 discussions across 11 southeast Alaska communities (primarily Alaska Native participants) highlighted the cultural importance of forest products including totem poles, dugout canoes, longhouses, woven hats, and woven baskets. Findings indicated spiritual well-being, health, education, tourism, and livelihood significance attributed to these products. Participant-suggested management strategies for increasing supply and expanding access to trees on public lands included: engaging local artisans in forest planning, selecting and delivering specific trees to roads as part of ongoing timber sales, allowing bark removal prior to forest-timber sales, simplifying the tree-acquisition permit process, and setting aside cultural forest groves to sustain trees seven generations into the future. By facilitating discussions, this study fostered relevant place-based youth and community engagement, benefiting youth and enhancing community knowledge transfer while simultaneously summarizing the significance of forest products for resilient culture and heritage activities. Forest management plans aiming to support Alaska Native lifeways may benefit from improved understanding of Indigenous perspectives and worldviews; designation of “culture market values” and “culture targets” can help deliver a broad array of ecosystem services.

Analiza delovanja zveze lastnikov gozdov Slovenije s ciljem njenega izboljšanja - ali obstajajo možnosti za vzpostavitev novih poslovnih modelov sodelovanja s člani?

The Slovenian Forest Owners Association (FOAS), which connects local associations of private forest owners at the national level, is facing the problem of professionalizing its activities. Thus, its activities are limited. In order to improve the operation of the FOAS and possible business cooperation with its members within the framework of new business models, we conducted interviews with representatives of FOAS members (n = 24). FOAS members are satisfied with the work of the FOAS, mainly due to its involvement in the legislative process. FOAS members expect that the FOAS will become active in the area of joint timber sales in the future, which is why they showed great interest in business cooperation with the FOAS towards coordinated timber sales. In order to implement this new business model, it is first necessary to promote coordinated sales among forest owners, provide suitable personnel and establish links between timber suppliers and buyers.

Pengaruh Customer Relationship Management dan Customer Experience Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Kayu Pada Perum Perhutani KBM Penjualan Kayu Wilayah Madiun Di Kota Kediri

In this study only limits on Customer Relationship Management and Customer Experience and their influence on purchasing decisions for wood products, while the object of the research is the Perum Perhutani KBM Timber Sales Wilayah Madiun in the Kediri City. In this study the research period was carried out on customer activities in December 2018 to February 2019. The population in this study were 96 respondents with a total sample of 73 respondents. Data analysis techniques in this study using statistical tests through validity and reliability, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression test and t-test hypothesis and F test.Based on the analysis that has been done, the results of the research are obtained. There is a partially significant influence between the variable customer relationship management on wood purchasing decisions at Perum Perhutani, KBM, Kediri Region Timber Sales. There is a partially significant effect between the customer experience variable (X2) on wood purchasing decisions at Perum Perhutani KBM Kediri Region Timber Sales. There is the effect of customer relationship management (X1) and customer experience (X2) simultaneously having a positive and significant effect on timber purchasing decisions at Perhutani KBM, Kediri Region Timber Sales

Consulting Forester Timber Sale Practices in the US South

Private timber sale transactions are vital to the forest products industry in the US South. Consulting foresters often assist private landowners in administering timber sales, and their decisions and practices have a major impact on landowner compensation, satisfaction, and market efficiency. This study used a mixed-mode survey of consulting foresters in 11 southern states to examine contract terms, timber sale practices, and market conditions on private sales. Responses were received from 430 consultants, resulting in a 37 percent response rate. Final harvests are primarily offered to bidders, whereas thinnings are more likely to have timber prices negotiated. Pay-as-cut payment terms are typical for thinnings, but less common in the Mountains where lump sum is relatively more common. Well under 50 percent of firms from the Coastal Plain and Piedmont conduct presale inventories on thinnings, whereas nearly two-thirds of firms in the Mountains use inventories on these types of harvests. Fewer than 25 percent of responding foresters suggested that restrictive quotas reduced landowner revenue on pay-as-cut timber sales. Consulting firms reporting that sawtimber quotas were never a problem in their area reported at least two more sawtimber outlets than those concerned about restrictive mill quotas.

Logging Community-Based Forests in the Amazon: An Analysis of External Influences, Multi-Partner Governance, and Resilience

Over the last few years, forest-based communities have faced two different but related phenomena. On the one hand, they have become more integrated with global economies, accessing regional and international markets. On the other, they have been pressured by economic groups into becoming part of the ecologically unequal exchange that exports natural resources and generates social and environmental problems at a local level. However, within new approaches to managing common-pool resources in common properties such as sustainable-use protected areas, communities are finding their own ways to be resilient and to face the two phenomena that are part of the same global economic system. Communities have built a multi-partner governance system for forest management and community development that involves agents from the civil society, state and market. Accordingly, multi-partner governance has proven to be a strategy to protect community-based forests against increasing timber market pressure. The question that then emerges is, to what extent has multi-partner governance been effective in supporting forest-based communities to be resilient and to face pressures from the global timber market in forests under community use? The aim of this paper is to analyze forest-based community resilience to the global economic system in situations where common properties are under governance of multiple stakeholders. The research is based on a singular case study in the Tapajós National Forest, Brazilian Amazon, which is a sustainable-use protected area with 24 communities involved in a multi-partner governance system. The article shows that forest-based communities under pressure have been resilient, and facing the global economic system have created a community-based cooperative for managing timber and engaging all partners in the process to improve their collective action. The cooperative provides timber sales revenue that supports community development both through diversification of agroforestry production and building of infrastructure as collective benefits.

Combining ant colony optimization with 1-opt local search method for solving constrained forest transportation planning problems

We developed a two-stage approach (ACOLS) combining the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and a 1-opt local search to solve forest transportation planning problems (FTPPs) considering fixed and variables costs and sediment yields expected to erode from road surfaces as side constraints. The ACOLS was designed for improving ACO performance and ensure the applicability to real-world, large-scale FTPPs with multiple time periods. It consists of three major routines: i) least-cost route finding process from all timber sales simultaneously, ii) two stage search process developed to quickly find feasible (stage I) and high-quality (stage II) solutions and, iii) 1-opt local search solution refinement to further improve solution quality. The ACOLS was first applied to a medium-scale hypothetical FTPP on which four cases with increasing level of sediment constraint were considered. To test for robustness, the ACOLS was then applied to ten different problems instances created basing on the same topology of the hypothetical FTPP. Lastly, the ACOLS was applied to a real-world, large-scale FTPP considering thousands of roads segments, hundreds of timber sales, and multiple products and planning periods. Feasible solutions were found for all cases indicating the usefulness of our approach to provide managers with an efficient tool to address large-scale transportation problems.