scholarly journals A double-digitising method for building 3D virtual trees with non-planar leaves: application to the morphology and light-capture properties of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Chambelland ◽  
Mathieu Dassot ◽  
Boris Adam ◽  
Nicolas Donès ◽  
Philippe Balandier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Light Capture

We developed a double-digitising method combining a hand-held electromagnetic digitizer and a non-contact 3D laser scanner. The former was used to record the positions of all leaves in a tree and the orientation angles of their lamina. The latter served to obtain the morphology of the leaves sampled in the tree. As the scanner outputs a cloud of points, software was developed to reconstruct non-planar (NP) leaves composed of triangles, and to compute numerical shape parameters: midrib curvature, torsion and transversal curvature of the lamina. The combination of both methods allowed construction of 3D virtual trees with NP leaves. The method was applied to young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from different sunlight environments (from 1 to 100% incident light) in a forest in central France. Leaf morphology responded to light availability, with a more bent shape in well-lit leaves. Light interception at the leaf scale by NP leaves decreased from 4 to 10% for shaded and sunlit leaves compared with planar leaves. At the tree scale, light interception by trees made of NP leaves decreased by 1 to 3% for 100% to 1% light, respectively.

scholarly journals Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

Foliage determinants of light interception in sunny and shaded branches of Fagus sylvatica (L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Planchais ◽  
Hervé Sinoquet
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals Analyzing Spatial Distribution Patterns of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Regeneration in Dependence of Canopy Openings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Stiers ◽  
Katharina Willim ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Myroslav Kabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Canopy Gap ◽  
Direct Radiation ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The use of natural regeneration techniques is one of the key elements of modern (close-to-nature) forestry. In natural forests, changes in canopy cover, such as the emergence and successive re-closure of canopy gaps are particularly important, as they influence the light availability on the forest floor. Creating canopy gaps of different size is a promising silvicultural tool allowing the regulation of the light availability in managed forests in order to control regeneration composition and development. In this study, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to investigate the relationship between canopy-gap dimensions and emerging natural regeneration along a gradient of management in forests dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.). We analyzed the spatial distribution and height of regeneration patches in dependence of gap characteristics. Mean regeneration height decreases progressively from the gap polygon over a transition zone towards the area under the canopy, while the tallest regeneration plants were placed in positions midway between center and gap edge, and not directly in the gap center as we initially assumed. The centers of regeneration patches were not displaced when compared to the associated canopy gap centers, as has been reported in other studies conducted on the northern hemisphere for various tree species. The observed patterns did not depend on management strategies, indicating that regeneration responded equally to naturally created gaps and gaps that were caused by logging. We conclude that establishment and development of shade-tolerant European beech regeneration in forest stands is driven by gap openings, but not necessarily direct radiation. If at all, pronounced direct radiation mainly occurs at the northern edge of large gaps. Neither regeneration patch center, nor regeneration tree height pointed in that direction. Our study suggests that in the investigated beech-dominated forests the effect of increased light availability at the northern edge of a gap is overruled by other factors increasing towards the gap edge, such as increased belowground competition of the overstory trees.

scholarly journals Patterns of Leaf Morphological Traits of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along an Altitudinal Gradient

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
George C. Adamidis ◽  
Georgios Varsamis ◽  
Ioannis Tsiripidis ◽  
Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Shade Leaves

Broadleaved tree species in mountainous populations usually demonstrate high levels of diversity in leaf morphology among individuals, as a response to a variety of environmental conditions associated with changes in altitude. We investigated the parameters shaping leaf morphological diversity in 80 beech individuals (Fagus sylvatica L.), in light and shade leaves, growing along an elevational gradient and under different habitat types on Mt. Paggeo in northeastern Greece. A clear altitudinal pattern was observed in the morphological leaf traits expressing lamina size and shape; with increasing altitude, trees had leaves with smaller laminas, less elongated outlines, and fewer pairs of secondary veins. However, this altitudinal trend in leaf morphology was varied in different habitat types. Furthermore, the shade leaves and light leaves showed differences in their altitudinal trend. Traits expressing lamina shape in shade leaves were more related to altitude, while leaf size appeared to be more influenced by habitat type. While the altitudinal trend in leaf morphology has been well documented for numerous broadleaved tree species, in a small spatial scale, different patterns emerged across different habitat types. This morphological variability among trees growing in a mountainous population indicates a high potential for adaptation to environmental extremes.

Anatomie des feuilles dans les pousses polycycliques du Hêtre européen (Fagus sylvatica)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2595-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Thiébaut ◽  
B. Comps ◽  
F. Plancheron
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Key Words Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The anatomical characters of European beech primary and secondary leaves (Fagus sylvatica L.) on polycyclic shoots obtained under various light conditions for 2 consecutive years were analyzed. Young plants were exposed to two luminosities, shade and light, which correspond to 20 and 80% of incident light, respectively. Shoots were grown under four light conditions during the 2 years: always in the shade, always in the light, in the shade during the 1st year and in the light during the 2nd year, and vice versa. The anatomical characters of leaves depend on both light intensity and cycle. Characters of secondary leaves vary more than those of primary leaves according to the light treatment. The effect of the luminosity applied during the 2nd year is more pronounced on secondary leaves. The cycle influence and the advantages brought by such a complex development are discussed. Key words: anatomy, leaves, light, polycyclism, beech.

scholarly journals How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tamalika Chakraborty ◽  
Albert Reif ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Somidh Saha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.

Short-term nitrogen dynamics are impacted by defoliation and drought in Fagus sylvatica L. branches

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Chuste ◽  
Catherine Massonnet ◽  
Dominique Gérant ◽  
Berndt Zeller ◽  
Joseph Levillain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L
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