Efficacy of L-Arabinose in Lowering Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses: The Modifying Effect of Starch and Fat

L-arabinose is a bio-active compound derived from the side-streams of plant food processing. L-arabinose lowers glycemic and insulinemic responses when added to simple water-based sugary liquids. However, the effect in more complex foods, including fat and starch, is inconsistent. This study assessed the effect of fat or starch in a sugary drink on the efficacy of L-arabinose. Twenty-three healthy volunteers (12 female/11 male; aged 24 ± 3 years; BMI 23 ± 3 kg/m2) participated in a randomised cross-over trial with six drinks: control: 50 g sucrose in water; fat: control + 22 g oil; starch: control + 50 g starch; and all three with and without the addition of 5 g L-arabinose. The addition of L-arabinose to the control drink lowered glucose and insulin peaks by 15% and 52%; for the fat drink by 8% and 45%; and for the starch drink by 7% and 29%. For all three drinks, adding L-arabinose increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses and lowered Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses. Despite adding large quantities of starch and fat to sugary drinks, L-arabinose significantly lowered postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that L-arabinose can be functional in more complex foods; however, the factors affecting its efficacy in solid food matrices need to be studied in more detail.

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Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide is insulinotropic and can cause hypoglycaemia in fasted healthy subjects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0950719 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 719-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽

Jeannie F. TODD ◽

Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽

Stephen R. BLOOM

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is a gut hormone released postprandially that stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. The insulinotropic action of GLP-1 is more potent under hyperglycaemic conditions. Several published studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of subcutaneous GLP-1 in non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus. 2. We investigated whether subcutaneous GLP-1, at a dose shown to improve glycaemic control in early Type 2 diabetes, is insulinotropic at normal fasting glucose concentrations. A double-blind, randomized, crossover study of 10 healthy subjects injected with GLP-1 or saline subcutaneously after a 16 h fast was performed. The effect on cardiovascular parameters was also examined. 3. GLP-1 caused a near 5-fold rise in plasma insulin concentration. After treatment with GLP-1, circulating plasma glucose concentrations fell below the normal range in all subjects. One subject had symptoms of hypoglycaemia after GLP-1. A rise in pulse rate was found which correlated with the fall in plasma glucose concentration. An increase in blood pressure occurred with GLP-1 injection which was seen at the same time as the rise in plasma GLP-1 concentrations. 4. This study indicates that subcutaneous GLP-1 can override the normal homoeostatic mechanism maintaining fasting plasma glucose in man, and is also associated with an increase in blood pressure.

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Effects of sucralose on insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2018.04.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55-56 ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Amornpan Lertrit ◽

Sasinee Srimachai ◽

Sunee Saetung ◽

Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽

La-or Chailurkit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

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Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to sucrose ingested with berries in healthy subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004557 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 1445-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Riitta Törrönen ◽

Essi Sarkkinen ◽

Tarja Niskanen ◽

Niina Tapola ◽

Kyllikki Kilpi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Meal Ingestion ◽

Single Blind ◽

Modest Effect

Berries are often consumed with sucrose. They are also rich sources of polyphenols which may modulate glycaemia after carbohydrate ingestion. The present study investigated the postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to sucrose ingested with berries, in comparison with a similar sucrose load without berries. A total of twelve healthy subjects were recruited to a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They participated in two meal tests on separate days. The berry meal was a purée (150 g) made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries with 35 g sucrose. The control meal included the same amount of sucrose and available carbohydrates in water. Fingertip capillary and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the meal. Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were determined from the venous samples, and glucose also from the capillary samples. Compared to the control meal, ingestion of the berry meal resulted in lower capillary and venous plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 15 min (P = 0·021,P < 0·007 andP = 0·028, respectively), in higher concentrations at 90 min (P = 0·028,P = 0·021 andP = 0·042, respectively), and in a modest effect on the GLP-1 response (P = 0·05). It also reduced the maximum increases of capillary and venous glucose and insulin concentrations (P = 0·009,P = 0·011 andP = 0·005, respectively), and improved the glycaemic profile (P < 0·001 andP = 0·003 for capillary and venous samples, respectively). These results suggest that the glycaemic control after ingestion of sucrose can be improved by simultaneous consumption of berries.

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Erythromycin Antagonizes the Deceleration of Gastric Emptying by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Unmasks Its Insulinotropic Effect in Healthy Subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2212 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 2212-2218 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

J. J. Meier ◽

G. Kemmeries ◽

J. J. Holst ◽

M. A. Nauck

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Insulinotropic Effect

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The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, exenatide, inhibits small intestinal motility, flow, transit and absorption of glucose in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db15-0893 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. db150893 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sony S. Thazhath ◽

Chinmay S. Marathe ◽

Tongzhi Wu ◽

Jessica Chang ◽

Joan Khoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Small Intestinal Motility ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Randomised Controlled

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GSK2374697, a long duration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces postprandial circulating endogenous total GLP-1 and peptide YY in healthy subjects

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism ◽

10.1111/dom.12533 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 1007-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Lin ◽

R. J. Hodge ◽

R. L. O'Connor-Semmes ◽

D. J. Nunez

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Long Duration ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

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Jabuticaba juice improves postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and antioxidant status in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521004530 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Marina V. Geraldi ◽

Cínthia B. B. Cazarin ◽

Marcelo Cristianini ◽

Ana C. Vasques ◽

Bruno Geloneze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

C Peptide ◽

Test Product ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in polyphenols, which may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. This randomized crossover study aimed to determine the effects of jabuticaba juice (250 ml in a portion) on postprandial response. Sixteen healthy subjects (11 women; 5 men; 28.4 ± 3.8 years old; body mass index (BMI) 21.7 ± 2.3 kg m−2) consumed two test products after fasting overnight in a randomized controlled crossover design. Each test product portion had a similar composition of sugar components: 250 mL water with glucose, fructose, colored with artificial non-caloric food colorings (placebo); and 250 mL of jabuticaba juice. Beverages were administered immediately before a carbohydrate meal. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after each test product to analyze the concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, antioxidant capacity, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and appetite sensations. Compared to the placebo, the intake of jabuticaba juice resulted in a higher GLP-1 response as the area under the curve (AUC) and peaking at 60 min. Jabuticaba juice also resulted in higher antioxidant capacity. Postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide levels, and appetite sensations were not significantly different between tests. In conclusion, 250 mL of jabuticaba juice before a carbohydrate meal was able to improve the antioxidant status and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects.

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