scholarly journals Green’s Function Estimates for Time-Fractional Evolution Equations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ifan Johnston ◽  
Vassili Kolokoltsov
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Elliptic Operator ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Fractional Evolution Equations ◽  
Order Elliptic Operator

We look at estimates for the Green’s function of time-fractional evolution equations of the form D 0 + * ν u = L u , where D 0 + * ν is a Caputo-type time-fractional derivative, depending on a Lévy kernel ν with variable coefficients, which is comparable to y - 1 - β for β ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , and L is an operator acting on the spatial variable. First, we obtain global two-sided estimates for the Green’s function of D 0 β u = L u in the case that L is a second order elliptic operator in divergence form. Secondly, we obtain global upper bounds for the Green’s function of D 0 β u = Ψ ( - i ∇ ) u where Ψ is a pseudo-differential operator with constant coefficients that is homogeneous of order α . Thirdly, we obtain local two-sided estimates for the Green’s function of D 0 β u = L u where L is a more general non-degenerate second order elliptic operator. Finally we look at the case of stable-like operator, extending the second result from a constant coefficient to variable coefficients. In each case, we also estimate the spatial derivatives of the Green’s functions. To obtain these bounds we use a particular form of the Mittag-Leffler functions, which allow us to use directly known estimates for the Green’s functions associated with L and Ψ , as well as estimates for stable densities. These estimates then allow us to estimate the solutions to a wide class of problems of the form D 0 ( ν , t ) u = L u , where D ( ν , t ) is a Caputo-type operator with variable coefficients.

Note on the Uniqueness of the Green'S Functions Associated With Certain Differential Equations

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Order Differential Equation ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Second Order Differential Equation

Conditions to be imposed on q(x) which ensure the uniqueness of the Green's function associated with the linear second-order differential equation

scholarly journals Green's function for second order parabolic equations with singular lower order coefficients

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Seick Kim ◽  
Longjuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Parabolic Equations ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Mixed Norm ◽  
Lebesgue Spaces ◽  
Connected Set

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We construct Green's functions for second order parabolic operators of the form <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ Pu = \partial_t u-{\rm div}({\mathbf A} \nabla u+ {\mathbf b}u)+ {\mathbf c} \cdot \nabla u+du $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ (-\infty, \infty) \times \Omega $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is an open connected set in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. It is not necessary that <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> to be bounded and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \Omega = \mathbb{R}^n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is not excluded. We assume that the leading coefficients <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ \mathbf A $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> are bounded and measurable and the lower order coefficients <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \boldsymbol{b} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ \boldsymbol{c} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ d $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> belong to critical mixed norm Lebesgue spaces and satisfy the conditions <inline-formula><tex-math id="M11">\begin{document}$ d-{\rm div} \boldsymbol{b} \ge 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M12">\begin{document}$ {\rm div}(\boldsymbol{b}-\boldsymbol{c}) \ge 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We show that the Green's function has the Gaussian bound in the entire <inline-formula><tex-math id="M13">\begin{document}$ (-\infty, \infty) \times \Omega $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>.</p>

Non-Equilibrium Green’s Functions: Variational Relations and Approximations for Particle Interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Morgenstern Horing
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Integration Contour ◽  
Differential Formulation ◽  
Variational Relations ◽  
Potential Perturbation ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Chapter 09 Nonequilibrium Green’s functions (NEGF), including coupled-correlated (C) single- and multi-particle Green’s functions, are defined as averages weighted with the time-development operator U(t0+τ,t0). Linear conductivity is exhibited as a two-particle equilibrium Green’s function (Kubo-type formulation). Admitting particle sources (S:η,η+) and non-conservation of number, the non-equilibrium multi-particle Green’s functions are constructed with numbers of creation and annihilation operators that may differ, and they may be derived as variational derivatives with respect to sources η,η+ of a generating functional eW=TrU(t0+τ,t0)CS/TrU(t0+τ,t0)C. (In the non-interacting case this yields the n-particle Green’s function as a permanent/determinant of single-particle Green’s functions.) These variational relations yield a symmetric set of multi-particle Green’s function equations. Cumulants and the Linked Cluster Theorem are discussed and the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) is derived variationally. Schwinger’s variational differential formulation of perturbation theories for the Green’s function, self-energy, vertex operator, and also shielded potential perturbation theory, are reviewed. The Langreth Algebra arises from analytic continuation of integration of products of Green’s functions in imaginary time to the real-time axis with time-ordering along the integration contour in the complex time plane. An account of the Generalized Kadanoff-Baym Ansatz is presented.

Thermodynamic Green’s Functions and Spectral Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Morgenstern Horing
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Spectral Weight ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamic ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Imaginary Time ◽  
Translational Invariance ◽  
The One

Multiparticle thermodynamic Green’s functions, defined in terms of grand canonical ensemble averages of time-ordered products of creation and annihilation operators, are interpreted as tracing the amplitude for time-developing correlated interacting particle motions taking place in the background of a thermal ensemble. Under equilibrium conditions, time-translational invariance permits the one-particle thermal Green’s function to be represented in terms of a single frequency, leading to a Lehmann spectral representation whose frequency poles describe the energy spectrum. This Green’s function has finite values for both t>t′ and t<t′ (unlike retarded Green’s functions), and the two parts G1> and G1< (respectively) obey a simple proportionality relation that facilitates the introduction of a spectral weight function: It is also interpreted in terms of a periodicity/antiperiodicity property of a modified Green’s function in imaginary time capable of a Fourier series representation with imaginary (Matsubara) frequencies. The analytic continuation from imaginary time to real time is discussed, as are related commutator/anticommutator functions, also retarded/advanced Green’s functions, and the spectral weight sum rule is derived. Statistical thermodynamic information is shown to be embedded in physical features of the one- and two-particle thermodynamic Green’s functions.

Nonequilibrium Green’s Functions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Morawetz
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Quantum Transport ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Diagrammatic Technique ◽  
Initial Correlations ◽  
Nonequilibrium Green’S Functions ◽  
Nonequilibrium Green's Functions

The method of the equation of motion is used to derive the Martin–Schwinger hierarchy for the nonequilibrium Green’s functions. The formal closure of the hierarchy is reached by using the selfenergy which provides a recipe for how to construct selfenergies from approximations of the two-particle Green’s function. The Langreth–Wilkins rules for a diagrammatic technique are shown to be equivalent to the weakening of initial correlations. The quantum transport equations are derived in the general form of Kadanoff and Baym equations. The information contained in the Green’s function is discussed. In equilibrium this leads to the Matsubara diagrammatic technique.

AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO GREEN’S FUNCTION METHODS IN NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 523-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T.S. KUO ◽  
YIHARN TZENG
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Diagram Expansion ◽  
Nucleus Scattering ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
General Method

We present an elementary and fairly detailed review of several Green’s function methods for treating nuclear and other many-body systems. We first treat the single-particle Green’s function, by way of which some details concerning linked diagram expansion, rules for evaluating Green’s function diagrams and solution of the Dyson’s integral equation for Green’s function are exhibited. The particle-particle hole-hole (pphh) Green’s function is then considered, and a specific time-blocking technique is discussed. This technique enables us to have a one-frequency Dyson’s equation for the pphh and similarly for other Green’s functions, thus considerably facilitating their calculation. A third type of Green’s function considered is the particle-hole Green’s function. RPA and high order RPA are treated, along with examples for setting up particle-hole RPA equations. A general method for deriving a model-space Dyson’s equation for Green’s functions is discussed. We also discuss a method for determining the normalization of Green’s function transition amplitudes based on its vertex function. Some applications of Green’s function methods to nuclear structure and recent deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering are addressed.

Parabolic Representations of Scattering Green’s Functions

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Barbone
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Expansion ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Inhomogeneous Medium ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions

Abstract We derive a one-way wave equation representation of the “free space” Green’s function for an inhomogeneous medium. Our representation results from an asymptotic expansion in inverse powers of the wavenumber. Our representation takes account of losses due to scattering in all directions, even though only one-way operators are used.

Sign Properties of Green's Functions For Two Classes of Boundary Value Problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Eloe
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Difference Equations ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Partial Derivatives

AbstractLet G(x,s) be the Green's function for the boundary value problem y(n) = 0, Ty = 0, where Ty = 0 represents boundary conditions at two points. The signs of G(x,s) and certain of its partial derivatives with respect to x are determined for two classes of boundary value problems. The results are also carried over to analogous classes of boundary value problems for difference equations.

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