scholarly journals Leveraging LiDAR Intensity to Evaluate Roadway Pavement Markings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-736
Author(s):  
Justin A. Mahlberg ◽  
Yi-Ting Cheng ◽  
Darcy M. Bullock ◽  
Ayman Habib
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Pavement Marking ◽  
Human Inspection

The United States has over 8.8 million lane miles nationwide, which require regular maintenance and evaluations of sign retroreflectivity, pavement markings, and other pavement information. Pavement markings convey crucial information to drivers as well as connected and autonomous vehicles for lane delineations. Current means of evaluation are by human inspection or semi-automated dedicated vehicles, which often capture one to two pavement lines at a time. Mobile LiDAR is also frequently used by agencies to map signs and infrastructure as well as assess pavement conditions and drainage profiles. This paper presents a case study where over 70 miles of US-52 and US-41 in Indiana were assessed, utilizing both a mobile retroreflectometer and a LiDAR mobile mapping system. Comparing the intensity data from LiDAR data and the retroreflective readings, there was a linear correlation for right edge pavement markings with an R2 of 0.87 and for the center skip line a linear correlation with an R2 of 0.63. The p-values were 0.000 and 0.000, respectively. Although there are no published standards for using LiDAR to evaluate pavement marking retroreflectivity, these results suggest that mobile LiDAR is a viable tool for network level monitoring of retroreflectivity.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Roadway Pavement Marking Maintenance Using Lane Keep Assist Sensor Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6014
Author(s):  
Justin A. Mahlberg ◽  
Rahul Suryakant Sakhare ◽  
Howell Li ◽  
Jijo K. Mathew ◽  
Darcy M. Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Pavement Marking ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers ◽  
Human Inspection

There are over four million miles of roads in the United States, and the prioritization of locations to perform maintenance activities typically relies on human inspection or semi-automated dedicated vehicles. Pavement markings are used to delineate the boundaries of the lane the vehicle is driving within. These markings are also used by original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for implementing advanced safety features such as lane keep assist (LKA) and eventually autonomous operation. However, pavement markings deteriorate over time due to the fact of weather and wear from tires and snowplow operations. Furthermore, their performance varies depending upon lighting (day/night) as well as surface conditions (wet/dry). This paper presents a case study in Indiana where over 5000 miles of interstate were driven and LKA was used to classify pavement markings. Longitudinal comparisons between 2020 and 2021 showed that the percentage of lanes with both lines detected increased from 80.2% to 92.3%. This information can be used for various applications such as developing or updating standards for pavement marking materials (infrastructure), quantifying performance measures that can be used by automotive OEMs to warn drivers of potential problems with identifying pavement markings, and prioritizing agency pavement marking maintenance activities.

scholarly journals BACKPACK MOBILE MAPPING SOLUTION FOR DTM EXTRACTION OF LARGE INACCESSIBLE SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
F. Fassi ◽  
L. Perfetti
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
The One ◽  
Mapping Solution

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The paper presents the case study of the complete 3D survey of the area of the Fort of Pietole in Borgo Virgilio using the Leica Pegasus Backpack wearable Mobile Mapping System (MMS). Surveying the site is challenging because of its complex topology on the one hand (with notably narrow passages) and because of the presence of vegetation on the other. The framework within which this research takes place is the Fort of Pietole survey project that aims at the extraction of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area and the georeferencing of the fort defensive structures. The requirement of the project is the 3D reconstruction of the whole area at an accuracy that stands between a big scale environmental survey and a small-scale architectonic survey (1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;500).</p> <p>The project is the opportunity to discuss the state of the art of wearable MMS, and to test the versatility and accuracy outcomes of the Pegasus Backpack under varying and challenging condition (indoor-outdoor, even-uneven pavement, satellite covered-denied areas) with the ambitious goal to use only the backpack MMS to record all the data from the DTM to the indoor narrow structures.</p>

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A HANDHELD MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT OUTDOOR SCENARIOS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2021 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
E. Maset ◽  
S. Cucchiaro ◽  
F. Cazorzi ◽  
F. Crosilla ◽  
A. Fusiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Large Building

Abstract. In recent years, portable Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) are emerging as valuable survey instruments for fast and efficient mapping of both internal and external environments. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of a commercial handheld MMS, Gexcel HERON Lite, in two different outdoor applications. The first is the mapping of a large building, which represents a standard use-case scenario of this technology. Through the second case study, that consists in the survey of a torrent reach, we investigate instead the applicability of the handheld MMS for natural environment monitoring, a field in which portable systems are not yet widely employed. Quantitative and qualitative assessment is presented, comparing the point clouds obtained from the HERON Lite system against reference models provided by traditional techniques (i.e., Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry).

Special-Color Pavement Marking for Highway Work Zones: Literature Review of International Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 2617 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
John W. Shaw ◽  
Madhav V. Chitturi ◽  
David A. Noyce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Road User ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Pavement Marking

Roadway lanes are often repositioned to accommodate highway work operations; as a result, pavement markings need to be altered. Although there are various methods for removing or obscuring existing pavement markings, “ghost” markings often remain at the locations of the old lane lines. These ghost markings can be quite conspicuous under certain lighting conditions, creating the potential for road user confusion. The Canadian province of Ontario and several European countries routinely use a special marking color (orange or yellow) to increase the salience of temporary lane lines. Special-color markings have also been used experimentally in Australia; New Zealand; Quebec City, Canada; and the United States. As a first step toward identifying the benefits and risks of special-color markings, existing practices from several countries are reviewed and summarized. The review identified a significant policy difference among jurisdictions: in some jurisdictions special-color markings override existing markings (so that the old markings are left in place), whereas other jurisdictions use special-color temporary marking but also attempt to remove old lane lines. The recent special-color marking demonstration projects in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States have been on major freeways, but European practice suggests that special-color marking could have significant benefit for urban arterial streets.

scholarly journals Vision-Based Pavement Marking Detection and Condition Assessment—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3152
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Xu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Wenchi Shou ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Pavement Marking

Pavement markings constitute an effective way of conveying regulations and guidance to drivers. They constitute the most fundamental way to communicate with road users, thus, greatly contributing to ensuring safety and order on roads. However, due to the increasingly extensive traffic demand, pavement markings are subject to a series of deterioration issues (e.g., wear and tear). Markings in poor condition typically manifest as being blurred or even missing in certain places. The need for proper maintenance strategies on roadway markings, such as repainting, can only be determined based on a comprehensive understanding of their as-is worn condition. Given the fact that an efficient, automated and accurate approach to collect such condition information is lacking in practice, this study proposes a vision-based framework for pavement marking detection and condition assessment. A hybrid feature detector and a threshold-based method were used for line marking identification and classification. For each identified line marking, its worn/blurred severity level was then quantified in terms of worn percentage at a pixel level. The damage estimation results were compared to manual measurements for evaluation, indicating that the proposed method is capable of providing indicative knowledge about the as-is condition of pavement markings. This paper demonstrates the promising potential of computer vision in the infrastructure sector, in terms of implementing a wider range of managerial operations for roadway management.

scholarly journals INDOOR MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM AND CROWD SIMULATION TO SUPPORT SCHOOL REOPENING BECAUSE OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
S. Comai ◽  
S. Costa ◽  
S. Mastrolembo Ventura ◽  
G. Vassena ◽  
L. C. Tagliabue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
End Users ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mobile Mapping System

Abstract. Occupancy analyses represent a crucial topic for building performance. At present, this is even true because of the pandemic emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 and the need to support the functional analysis of building spaces in relation to social distancing rules. Moreover, the need to assess the suitability of spaces in high occupancy buildings as the educational ones, for which occupancy evaluations result pivotal to ensure the safety of the end-users in their daily activities, is a priority. The proposed paper investigates the steps that are needed to secure a safe re-opening of an educational building. A case study has been selected as a test site to analyse the re-opening steps as required by Italian protocols and regulations. This analysis supported the school director of a 2-to-10 year old school and its team in the decision-making process that led to the safe school re-opening. Available plants and elevations of the building were collected and a fast digital survey was carried out using the mobile laser scanner technology (iMMS - Indoor Mobile Mapping System) in order to acquire three-dimensional geometries and digital photographic documentation of the spaces. A crowd simulation software (i.e. Oasys MassMotion) was implemented to analyse end-users flows; the social distance parameter was set in its proximity modelling tools in order to check the compliance of spaces and circulation paths to the social distancing protocols. Contextually to the analysis of users flows, a plan of hourly air changes to maintain a high quality of the environments has been defined.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DATA DELIVERY FOR AUTOMOTIVE SIMULATIONS BY LASER SCANNING

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W16 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A. Barsi ◽  
A. Csepinszky ◽  
N. Krausz ◽  
H. Neuberger ◽  
V. Poto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The University

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The development of autonomous vehicles nowadays is attractive, but a resource-intensive procedure. It requires huge time and money efforts. The different carmakers have therefore common struggles of involving cheaper, faster and accurate computer-based tools, among them the simulators. Automotive simulations expect reality information, where the recent data collection techniques have excellent contribution possibilities. Accordingly, the paper has a focus on the use of mobile laser scanning data in supporting automotive simulators. There was created a pilot site around the university campus, which is a road network with very diverse neighborhood. The data acquisition was conducted by a Leica Pegasus Two mobile mapping system. The achieved point clouds and imagery were submitted to extract road axes, road borders, but also lane borders and lane markings. By this evaluation, the OpenDRIVE representation was built, which is directly transferable into various simulators. Based on the roads’ geometric description, a standardized pavement surface model was created in OpenCRG format. CRG is a Curved Regular Grid, containing all surface height information and objects, but also anomalies. The 3D laser point clouds could easily be transformed into voxel models, then these models can be projected onto two vertical roadside grids (ribbons), which are practically an extension to the OpenCRG model. Adequate visualizations demonstrate the obtained results.</p>

scholarly journals Combined Lane Mapping Using a Mobile Mapping System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wan ◽  
Yuchun Huang ◽  
Rongchang Xie ◽  
Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Saliency Analysis

High-definition mapping of 3D lane lines has been widely needed for the highway documentation and intelligent navigation of autonomous systems. A mobile mapping system (MMS) captures both accurate 3D LiDAR point clouds and high-resolution images of lane markings at highway driving speeds, providing an abundant data source for combined lane mapping. This paper aims to map lanes with an MMS. The main contributions of this paper include the following: (1) an intensity correction method was introduced to eliminate the reflectivity inconsistency of road-surface LiDAR points; (2) a self-adaptive thresholding method was developed to extract lane markings from their complicated surroundings; and (3) a LiDAR-guided textural saliency analysis of MMS images was proposed to improve the robustness of lane mapping. The proposed method was tested with a dataset acquired in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which contained straight roads, curved roads, and a roundabout with various pavement markings and a complex roadside environment. The experimental results achieved a recall of 96.4%, a precision of 97.6%, and an F-score of 97.0%, demonstrating that the proposed method has strong mapping ability for various urban roads.

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