scholarly journals Stable International Environmental Agreements: Large Coalitions that Achieve Little

Games ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Grand Coalition ◽  
Marginal Abatement Cost ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Standard Result ◽  
The World ◽  
Stable Coalition

A standard result of coalition formation games is that stable coalitions are very small if the coalition plays Nash vis-à-vis the rest of the world and if abatement costs are quadratic. It has been shown that larger coalitions and even the grand coalition are possible if the marginal abatement cost is concave. The paper confirms this result, but shows that abatement activities by large coalitions smaller than the grand coalition can be very small. This can be ‘repaired’ only by assuming that the marginal abatement cost curve changes its curvature extremely once the stable coalition has been reached.

On the Impact of Innovation on the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
RABAH AMIR ◽  
MARC GERMAIN ◽  
VINCENT VAN STEENBERGHE
Keyword(s):  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Marginal Abatement Cost ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Marginal Abatement Cost Curve ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for Water Scarcity Mitigation under Uncertainty

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sjöstrand ◽  
Andreas Lindhe ◽  
Tore Söderqvist ◽  
Peter Dahlqvist ◽  
Lars Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Marginal Abatement Cost ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cost Curves ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As water scarcity and drought become more common, planning to avoid their consequences becomes crucial. Measures to prevent the impact of new climate conditions are expected to be extensive, costly and associated with major uncertainties. It is therefore necessary that policymakers and practitioners in both the public and private sector can compare possible mitigation measures in order to make economically rational investment decisions. For this to be successful, decision-makers need relevant decision support. This paper presents a novel approach of constructing marginal abatement cost curves for comparing water scarcity mitigation measures while taking the underlying uncertainties into account. Uncertainties in input variables are represented by probability distributions and calculations are performed using Monte Carlo simulations. This approach is applied on the island of Gotland, one of the most water-stressed parts of Sweden, to provide the first marginal abatement cost curve in Europe for water scarcity mitigation in which municipal, agricultural, industrial and household measures are compared. The results show that the agricultural measure of on-farm storage has the greatest potential to increase water availability on the island. Among municipal measures, increased groundwater extraction and desalination offer the greatest potential, although desalination is almost 25 times more costly per cubic meter. The most cost-effective measure is linked to hot water savings in the hotel industry. The approach presented provides a quantitative visualization of the financial trade-offs and uncertainties implied by different mitigation measures. It provides critical economic insights for all parties concerned and is thus an important basis for decision-making.

Asymmetries in international environmental agreements

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlova ◽  
Aart de Zeeuw
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Stable Coalition ◽  
The Common

AbstractThis paper considers self-enforcing international environmental agreements when countries are asymmetric with respect to emission-related benefits and environmental damage. Considering these asymmetries simultaneously yields large stable coalitions, also without the option of transfers between signatories. However, these large stable coalitions are only possible if they include countries that have relatively high marginal benefits and a relatively low marginal environmental damage. This type of countries hardly contributes to the common good and the gains of cooperation from including this type of countries in the stable coalition are small. This confirms a persistent result in this literature that large stable coalitions usually go hand in hand with low gains of cooperation. Without the option of transfers it is always better to have a small stable coalition with countries that matter than a large stable coalition with countries that do not matter. Only with transfers might a large stable coalition be able to perform better.

The Potential and Cost Analysis of Emission Reduction in China’s Cement Sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 1200-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alun Gu ◽  
Xiu Sheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Abatement Costs

The cement sector emission occupies 5% of world emissions caused by human activities. Especially, China’s cement production accounted for 50% of the world’s output, which ranked the first for continuous 25 years. The total production in 2010 was 1.882 billion tons. The cement sector, which is characterized of high yield, small-scale enterprises, low technology development level and poor product structure, is one of the biggest energy consumers and emitters in China. Therefore, the energy saving and emission reduction in cement sector is not only the essential measure and basic content for coping with climate change, but also the guarantee for the sustainable development. Plenty of basic research, including spot investigation and data collection, was carried out in this paper. After the identification of 18 different kinds of energy saving technologies and emission reductions, a baseline as daily 5000 tons of a production line was set in this paper. The emission reduction potential and cost are quantitatively analyzed by estimating the marginal abatement costs. Hence, the marginal abatement cost curve of energy saving and emission reduction technology was obtained. With the abatement costs ranking from low to high, the key emission reduction technology can be concluded as energy efficiency, energy alternatives, blended cement and CCS technology. According to the status of domestic energy-saving technology as well as support policies, we finally proposed relevant measures and policy suggestions.

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