scholarly journals Semidwarf Gene d60 Affected by Ubiquitous Gamete Lethal Gene gal Produced Rare Double Dwarf with d30 via Recombination Breaking Repulsion-Phase Linkage on Rice Chromosome 2

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Motonori Tomita ◽  
Jun Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Partial Sterility ◽  
Semidwarf Gene

The genotype of gal and d60 were investigated in 33 rice varieties chosen from representative semidwarf and dwarf rice varieties. These were crossed with three tester lines, the d60Gal line (genotype d60d60GalGal), the D60gal line (Koshihikari, D60D60galgal), and the D60Gal line (D60D60GalGal). Each F1 plant was measured for culm length, and seed fertility. As a result, all F1 lines with the d60Gal line showed tallness and partial sterility, reduced by 25% in average from those with the D60gal line (Koshihikari) and the D60Gal line. These data indicated that the genotype of the 33 varieties is D60D60galgal and that the d60 locus is not allelic to those of sd1, d1, d2, d6, d18k, d29, d30, d35, d49, d50, and qCL1 involved in the 33 varieties. In addition, the gal gene is not complementarily activated with the semidwarf and dwarf genes described above, other than d60. The Gal gene will be ubiquitously distributed in rice. It is emphasized that Gal is a rare and valuable mutant gene essential to the transmission of d60. The double dwarf genotype of homozygous d30d60 was rarely gained in the F3 of the d30 line × d60 line by breaking their repulsion d60-D30 linkage on chromosome 2.

scholarly journals Identification of a new resistance locus against the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), in Thai rice landrace MN62M

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phikul Leelagud ◽  
Sakda Kongsila ◽  
Phanchita Vejchasarn ◽  
Kulchana Darwell ◽  
Yotwarit Phansenee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Orseolia Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Gall Midge ◽  
Rice Landrace

Abstract Background The rice gall midge (RGM), Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, and it causes significant yield losses annually in Asian countries. The development of resistant rice varieties is considered as the most effective and economical approach for maintaining yield stability by controlling RGM. Identification of resistance genes will help in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to pyramid the resistance genes and develop a durable resistance variety against RGM in areas with frequent outbreaks.Results A mitochondrial gene, cytochrome C oxidase I (COI), was used to analyze the genetic diversity among Thai RGM populations. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the Thai RGM populations were homogeneously distributed throughout the country, except for some populations in central and northeast Thailand that probably became isolated from the main population. The reactions of the resistant rice varieties carrying different resistance genes revealed different RGM biotypes in Thailand. The Thai rice landrace MN62M showed resistance to all RGM populations used in this study. We identified a novel genetic locus for resistance to RGM, designated as GM12 , on the short arm of rice chromosome 2. The locus was identified using linkage analysis in 144 F 2 plants derived from a cross between susceptible cultivar KDML105 and RGM-resistant cultivar MN62M with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and F 2:3 phenotype. The locus was confirmed and mapped using SNP and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers surrounding the target chromosomal location. Finally, the locus was mapped between two flanking markers, RM6800 and S2_419160.Conclusions We identified a new RGM resistance gene, GM12 , on rice chromosome 2 in the Thai rice landrace MN62M. This finding yielded SNP and SSR markers that can be used in MAS to develop cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance to RGM. The new resistance gene provides important information for the identification of RGM biotypes in Thailand and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Substitution Mapping of Two Closely Linked QTLs Controlling Grain Chalkiness and Grain Shape on Rice Chromosome 8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Yang ◽  
Liang Xiong ◽  
Jiayan Liang ◽  
Qingwen Hao ◽  
Xin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Substitution Mapping ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

Abstract Background: Rice varieties are required to have high yield and good grain quality. Grain chalkiness and grain shape are two important traits of rice grain quality. Low chalkiness slender grains are preferred by most rice consumers. Here, we dissected two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape on rice chromosome 8 by substitution mapping. Results: Two closely linked QTLs controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape were identified using single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The two QTLs were then dissected on rice chromosome 8 by secondary substitution mapping. qPGC8.1 was located in an interval of 1382.6 kb and qPGC8.2 was mapped in a 2057.1 kb region. The maximum distance of the two QTLs was 4.37 Mb and the space distance of two QTL intervals was 0.72 Mb. qPGC8.1 controlled grain chalkiness and grain width. qPGC8.2 was responsible for grain chalkiness and for grain length and grain width. The additive effects of qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 on grain chalkiness were not affected by heat stress. Conclusions: Two closely linked QTLs qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 were dissected on rice chromosome 8. They controlled the phenotypes of grain chalkiness and grain shape. The two QTLs were insensitive to high temperature.

scholarly journals Combining two semidwarfing genes d60 and sd1 for reduced height in ‘Minihikari’, a new rice germplasm in the ‘Koshihikari’ genetic background

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOTONORI TOMITA
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Dwarf Gene ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Semidwarf Gene

SummaryDwarfing in rice has dramatically improved and stabilized rice yields worldwide, often controlled by a single dwarf gene, sd1. A novel semidwarf gene d60 complements the gametic lethal gene gal, such that the F1 between ‘Hokuriku 100’ (genotype d60d60GalGal, Gal: mutant non-lethal allele) and ‘Koshihikari’ (D60D60galgal, D60: tall allele) would show 25% sterility due to deterioration of gametes bearing both gal and d60. The F2 would segregate as one semidwarf (1 d60d60GalGal) : two tall and 25% sterile (2 D60d60Galgal) : six tall (2 D60d60GalGal : 1 D60D60GalGal : 2 D60D60Galgal : 1 D60D60galgal), skewed from a Mendelian segregation ratio of one semidwarf : three tall for a single recessive gene. To pyramid d60 and sd1, into the Japanese super-variety ‘Koshihikari’, the F1 (D60d60Galgal) of ‘Koshihikari’ × ‘Hokuriku 100’ was first backcrossed with ‘Koshihikari’, and the BCF1 segregated into a ratio of one tall and 25% sterile (D60d60Galgal) : two tall (1 D60D60Galgal : 1 D60D60galgal). Tall, 25% sterile BC1F1 plants (D60d60Galgal) were then selected for pollen sterility and backcrossed with ‘Koshihikari’ as the recurrent parent. It is unnecessary to grow out and select a semidwarf from the BCnF2 if a pollen parent with ∼70% pollen fertility is chosen from the BCnF1 to backcross with the recurrent parent. Semidwarfing genes d60 and sd1 were successfully pyramided into the ‘Koshihikari’ genome by crossing isogenic lines ‘Koshihikari d60’ and ‘Koshihikari sd1’, to produce ‘Minihikari’, a new parental source of both d60 and sd1. ‘Minihikari’ displayed super-short stature due to the combination of sd1 and d60, which are genetically and functionally independent.

scholarly journals Conservation of Microstructure between a Sequenced Region of the Genome of Rice and Multiple Segments of the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174
Author(s):  
Klaus Mayer ◽  
George Murphy ◽  
Renato Tarchini ◽  
Rolf Wambutt ◽  
Guido Volckaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Conserved Gene

The nucleotide sequence was determined for a 340-kb segment of rice chromosome 2, revealing 56 putative protein-coding genes. This represents a density of one gene per 6.1 kb, which is higher than was reported for a previously sequenced segment of the rice genome. Sixteen of the putative genes were supported by matches to ESTs. The predicted products of 29 of the putative genes showed similarity to known proteins, and a further 17 genes showed similarity only to predicted or hypothetical proteins identified in genome sequence data. The region contains a few transposable elements: one retrotransposon, and one transposon. The segment of the rice genome studied had previously been identified as representing a part of rice chromosome 2 that may be homologous to a segment of Arabidopsis chromosome 4. We confirmed the conservation of gene content and order between the two genome segments. In addition, we identified a further four segments of the Arabidopsis genome that contain conserved gene content and order. In total, 22 of the 56 genes identified in the rice genome segment were represented in this set of Arabidopsis genome segments, with at least five genes present, in conserved order, in each segment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that theArabidopsis genome has undergone multiple duplication events. Our results demonstrate that conservation of the genome microstructure can be identified even between monocot and dicot species. However, the frequent occurrence of duplication, and subsequent microstructure divergence, within plant genomes may necessitate the integration of subsets of genes present in multiple redundant segments to deduce evolutionary relationships and identify orthologous genes.

scholarly journals Microcolinearity between a 2-cM region encompassing the grain protein content locus Gpc-6B1 on wheat chromosome 6B and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Distelfeld ◽  
Cristobal Uauy ◽  
Sofia Olmos ◽  
Ana R. Schlatter ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Chromosome 2

scholarly journals Development and annotation of perennial Triticeae ESTs and SSR markers

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shaun Bushman ◽  
Steve R. Larson ◽  
Ivan W. Mott ◽  
Paul F. Cliften ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Annotation Database ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Leymus Cinereus ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Triticeae contains hundreds of species of both annual and perennial types. Although substantial genomic tools are available for annual Triticeae cereals such as wheat and barley, the perennial Triticeae lack sufficient genomic resources for genetic mapping or diversity research. To increase the amount of sequence information available in the perennial Triticeae, three expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries were developed and annotated for Pseudoroegneria spicata , a mixture of both Elymus wawawaiensis and E. lanceolatus , and a Leymus cinereus  × L. triticoides interspecific hybrid. The ESTs were combined into unigene sets of 8 780 unigenes for P. spicata, 11 281 unigenes for Leymus, and 7 212 unigenes for Elymus. Unigenes were annotated based on putative orthology to genes from rice, wheat, barley, other Poaceae, Arabidopsis, and the non-redundant database of the NCBI. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, tested for amplification and polymorphism, and aligned to the rice genome. Leymus EST markers homologous to rice chromosome 2 genes were syntenous on Leymus homeologous groups 6a and 6b (previously 1b), demonstrating promise for in silico comparative mapping. All ESTs and SSR markers are available on an EST information management and annotation database ( http://titan.biotec.uiuc.edu/triticeae/ ).

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