scholarly journals Method for Near-Real Time Estimation of Tsunami Sources Using Ocean Bottom Pressure Sensor Network (S-Net)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayu Inoue ◽  
Yuichiro Tanioka ◽  
Yusuke Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Source Estimation ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Tsunami Source Estimation

A dense cabled observation network, called the seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunami along the Japan Trench (S-net), was installed in Japan. This study aimed to develop a near-real time tsunami source estimation technique using the ocean bottom pressure data observed at those sensors in S-net. Synthetic pressure waveforms at those sensors were computed for 64 earthquake tsunami scenarios with magnitude ranging between M8.0 and M8.8. The pressure waveforms within a time window of 500 s after an earthquake were classified into three types. Type 1 has the following pressure waveform characteristic: the pressure decreases and remains low; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 1 are located inside a co-seismic uplift area. The pressure waveform characteristic of Type 2 is that one up-pulse of a wave is within the time window; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 2 are located at the edge of the co-seismic uplift area. The other pressure waveforms are classified as Type 3. Subsequently, we developed a method to estimate the uplift area using those three classifications of pressure waveforms at sensors in S-net and a method to estimate earthquake magnitude from the estimated uplift area using a regression line. We systematically applied those methods for two cases of previous large earthquakes: the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.1). The locations of the large computed uplift areas of the earthquakes were well defined by the estimated ones. The estimated magnitudes of the 1952 and 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquakes from the estimated uplift area were 8.2 and 7.9, respectively; they are almost consistent with the moment magnitudes derived from the source models. Those results indicate that the tsunami source estimation method developed in this study can be used for near-real time tsunami forecasts.

Near-real time estimation of tsunami sources using a classification of waveforms observed at dense ocean bottom pressure sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Tanioka ◽  
Mayu Inoue ◽  
Yusuke Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Tsunami Source Estimation ◽  
Large Earthquakes

<p>A dense cabled observation network, called the seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunami along the Japan Trench (S-net), was installed in Japan. This study aimed to develop a near-real time tsunami source estimation technique using a simple classification of waveforms observed at the ocean bottom pressure sensors in S-net. To investigate the technique, synthetic pressure waveforms at those sensors were computed for 64 tsunami scenarios of large earthquakes with magnitude ranging between M8.0 and M8.8. The pressure waveforms within a time window of 500 s after an earthquake were classified into three types. Type 1 has the following pressure waveform characteristic: the pressure decreases and remains low; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 1 are located inside a co-seismic uplift area. The pressure waveform characteristic of Type 2 is that one up-pulse of a wave is within the time window; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 2 are located at the edge of the co-seismic uplift area. The other pressure waveforms are classified as Type 3.</p><p>Subsequently, we developed a method to estimate the uplift area using those three classifications of pressure waveforms at sensors in S-net and a method to estimate earthquake magnitude from the estimated uplift area using a regression line. We systematically applied those methods for two cases of previous large earthquakes: the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.1). The locations of the large computed uplift areas of the earthquakes were well defined by the estimated ones. The estimated magnitudes of the 1952 and 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquakes from the estimated uplift area were 8.2 and 7.9, respectively; they are consistent with the moment magnitudes derived from the source models. Those results indicate that the tsunami source estimation method developed in this study can be used for near-real time tsunami forecasts.</p><p>This method is so simple that we do not need any numerical tsunami simulation or other sophisticated techniques but only need the classification of observed pressure data into three types.</p>

scholarly journals Resistance to Acetaminophen Interference in a Novel Continuous Glucose Monitoring System

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Calhoun ◽  
Terri Kang Johnson ◽  
Jonathan Hughes ◽  
David Price ◽  
Andrew K. Balo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
The Difference

Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause erroneously high readings in real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems. APAP-associated bias in an investigational rtCGM system (G6) was evaluated by taking the difference in glucose measurements between rtCGM and YSI from 1 hour before to 6 hours after a 1-g oral APAP dose in 66 subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The interference effect was defined as the average post-dose (30-90 minutes) bias minus the average baseline bias for each subject. The clinically meaningful interference effect was defined as 10 mg/dL. The G6 system’s overall mean (±SD) interference effect was 3.1 ± 4.8 mg/dL (one-sided upper 95% CI = 4.1 mg/dL), significantly lower than 10 mg/dL. The G6 system’s resistance to APAP interference should provide reassurance to those using the drug.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Types of Sweat Profile in Healthy Subjects While Exercising at Constant Power Output Measured by a Wearable Sweat Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoon Choi ◽  
Grant Kitchen ◽  
Ji Soo Kim ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Kain Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Sweat Chloride

AbstractWearable sweat sensors have enabled real-time monitoring of sweat profiles (sweat concentration versus time) and could enable monitoring of electrolyte loss during exercise or for individuals working in extreme environments. To assess the feasibility of using a wearable sweat chloride sensor for real-time monitoring of individuals during exercise, we recorded and analyzed the sweat profiles of 50 healthy subjects while spinning at 75 Watts for 1 hour. The measured sweat chloride concentrations were in the range from 2.9–34 mM. The sweat profiles showed two distinct sweat responses: Type 1 (single plateau) and Type 2 (multiple plateaus). Subjects with Type 2 profiles had higher sweat chloride concentration and weight loss, higher maximum heart rate, and larger changes in heart rate and rating of perceived exertion during the trial compared to subjects with Type 1 profiles. To assess the influence of level of effort, we recorded sweat profiles for five subjects at 75 W, 100 W, and 125 W. While all five subjects showed Type 1 sweat profiles at 75 W, four of the subjects had Type 2 profiles at 125 W, showing an increase in sweat chloride with exercise intensity. Finally, we show that sweat profiles along with other physiological parameters can be used to predict fluid loss.

scholarly journals Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, type 2 and HoBi-like pestivirus

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Mari ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
Maria Stella Lucente ◽  
Eleonora Lorusso ◽  
Gabriella Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Multi-index method using offshore ocean-bottom pressure data for real-time tsunami forecast

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotaka Yamamoto ◽  
Shin Aoi ◽  
Kenji Hirata ◽  
Wataru Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Kunugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Tsunami Forecast ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Multi Index ◽  
Ocean Bottom Pressure

Correlation between Real-Time Microvascular Abnormalities and Whole Blood Viscosity (WBV) in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3909-3909
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Cheung ◽  
Sahana Ramanujam ◽  
Michelle A. Barbosa ◽  
Violet K. Asfour ◽  
Maria V. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Control Subjects

Abstract Novel technologies were used to study the microvascular abnormalities in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to correlate these real-time pathological complications with whole blood viscosity (WBV) over a wide range of shear rates (1–1,000s−1). Computer-assisted intravital microscopy (CAIM) was used to non-invasively and objectively quantify the microvascular abnormalities in the conjunctival microcirculation in T2DM patients (n=12; age range = 45 to 68) and healthy non-diabetic control subjects, with the medical history of each subject blinded to the investigators. Fifteen recognizable microvascular abnormalities existed in T2DM patients and not in the control subjects, though not all the abnormalities were found in each patient. A severity index (SI) -- the arithmetic sum of microvascular abnormalities in each patient quantified via CAIM -- was computed to give a score to correlate with medical history, WBV and shear rates. T2DM SI (6.9±1.7) differed significantly (P<0.01) from control SI (0.6±0.7) and correlated significantly with disease severity, but not with the duration of the disease since diagnosis. The results, together with results from a previous study, lend support to the hypothesis that diabetic complications may have occurred in the pre-diabetic period; indicative of the existence of a “time window” before the onset of clinically detectable hyperglycemia. To adequately assess WBV to correlate with T2DM SI, a computer-assisted scanning capillary viscometer, the Rheolog™, was used to generate a viscosity profile for each patient or control subject over a range of shear rates (1 to 1,000s−1) using one 3-ml citrated venous blood sample from each subject. Based on the viscosity profiles generated, WBV of T2DM patients at various shear rates differed significantly from control values. For example, averaged WBV of T2DM patients at a shear rate of 300s−1 (4.01±0.33cp) differed significantly (P<0.02) from averaged WBV of control subjects (3.34±0.05cp). WBV correlated with SI of T2DM patients, disease severity and medical records. This correlation may have unique clinical implications - it can be used to study shear-stress induced pathogenesis on endothelial dysfunction in various vascular diseases and in early detection of T2DM in carriers (e.g. siblings of T2DM patients) before clinical diagnosis of T2DM during the pre-diabetic “time window” of early detection. Follow-up studies on the correlation between real-time microvascular abnormalities (SI), disease severity, WBV and shear rates in Alzheimer’s Disease patients and in early detection of T2DM are in progress.

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