scholarly journals Finding Ovid in Kandahar: The Radical Pastoral as Resistance to Empire in the Classic and Contemporary Worlds

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Manija Said
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Pastoral Poetry ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Pastoral Literature

Prevailing scholarship on pastoral literature often overlooks its political and radical dimensions, relegating the form to particular manifestations of the pastoral in Elizabethan England. World literature, however, exhibits a wider range of the pastoral in which poets contest social injustice and serve as voices of resistance against oppression. This paper explores the existence of and connection between the radical pastoral in both the East and West, as exemplified by the classical poetry of Ovid and Pashto pastoral poetry emanating from contemporary Afghanistan. It argues that, despite differences in time and space, both genres of poetry offer forceful criticisms of empire and consider pastoral values, aesthetics, and landscapes as a means of resistance against it. This paper thus examines pastoral poetics’ contribution to social commentary on empire in both imperial Rome and the imperialist present encapsulated by America’s post 9/11 political-military interventions in the Middle East.

“By Degrees”

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-293
Author(s):  
Paul Giles
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Local Realism ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Mansfield Park ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Paul Giles, “‘By Degrees’: Jane Austen’s Chronometric Style of World Literature” (pp. 265–293) This essay considers how Jane Austen’s work relates to “World Literature” by internalizing a chronometric style. Examining the emergence of the chronometer in the eighteenth century, it suggests how Austen drew on nautical frames of reference to combine disparate trajectories of local realism, geographical distance, and historical time. The essay thus argues that Austen’s fiction is interwoven with a reflexive mode of cartographic mapping, one that draws aesthetically on nautical instruments to remap time and space. This style involves charting various fluctuations of perspective that reorder history, memory, and genealogy, while also recalibrating Britain’s position in relation to the wider world. Moving on from an initial analysis of Austen’s juvenilia and early novels, the essay proceeds in its second part to discuss Mansfield Park (1814) in relation to Pacific exploration and trade. In its third part, it considers Emma (1815) in the context of comic distortions and the misreadings that arise from temporal and spatial compressions in the narrative, a form heightened by the novel’s reflexive wordplay. Hence the essay argues that Austen’s particular style of World Literature integrates chronometric cartography with domestic circumstances, an elusive idiom that also manifests itself in relation to the gender dynamics of Persuasion (1817) and the unfinished “Sanditon,” as discussed in the essay’s concluding pages. This is correlated finally with the way Austen’s novels are calibrated, either directly or indirectly, in relation to a global orbit.

scholarly journals Engineered Violence: Confronting the Neutrality Problem and Violence in Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Adam Banks ◽  
Michael Lachney
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Just World ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

Engineering educators continue to challenge the social/technical dichotomy by framing engineering as a set of non-neutral activities. Faced with the historical realities that engineers are often “hired-guns” for the military interventions and capital accumulation, educators have sought to establish new canons for engineering ethics that are based on paradigms of peace and critically engaged pedagogies. We aim to situate nuanced understandings of violence—as understood by 21st century social movements—into the larger goal of reorienting engineering ethics for a more peaceful and socially just world. Literature is presented about particularly challenging what we identify as the “neutrality problem” in engineering education. We argue that theories of interpersonal and structural violence will better help engineers confront the neutrality problem in classrooms and workplaces. Our ultimate goal is to open up a larger research agenda on violence for engineering educators and practitioners. 

10. Middle East Security: The Politics of Violence after the 2003 Iraq War

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-246
Author(s):  
Marina Calculli
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Two Sides

This chapter explores contemporary security in the Middle East by highlighting the nexus between the uses and justification of violence. Focusing on the post 9/11 reordering of the Middle East, it shows how state and non-state actors use the rhetoric of the ‘war on terror’ to depoliticize military interventions against political rivals. More specifically, it argues that such actors mobilize the politics of shame to contain and undermine their rivals. Such efforts are met with attempts to counter-shame and re-politicize the use of violence, producing a cycle of action and counter-action that seeks to legitimize and delegitimize competing visions of security and order in the Middle East. In this context, security and insecurity are two sides of the same coin that fluctuate according to the prevailing balance of power.

A MICROCOSM OF DECLINE: BRITISH LOSS OF NERVE AND MILITARY INTERVENTION IN JORDAN AND KUWAIT, 1958 AND 1961

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL JOHN ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
International Climate ◽  
The Military ◽  
Shed Light

This article reinterprets the post-Suez British role in the Middle East through a comparison of the military interventions in Jordan in 1958 and Kuwait in 1961. Moreover, it places these operations in the broader context of the debate about British decline. It is argued that in addition to the familiar constraints on British action imposed by limited resources and the changing international climate, the projection of power in the region proved to be a great test of nerve for British ministers and officials. Paradoxically, this proved to be true as much of the successful interventions in Jordan and Kuwait as of the earlier failure over Suez. Utilizing very recently released documents from British and American archives, the article aims to shed light on the dynamics of decline at the microcosmic level, in the belief that insights gleaned here may well be of value in revising macrocosmic theories of the process.

scholarly journals UGLY AND UGLINESS IN CLASSICAL TURKISH POETRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (51) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Characteristic Picture

Ugliness has been a concept and image that shapes its meaning and definition through beauty. Throughout the ages, the definition of ugliness has also been made as the opposite of beauty. Ugliness, which has been defined and described as the opposite of beauty since the first examples in world literature, has changed its own image in parallel with the change in the understanding of beauty. The understanding of ugliness in classical Turkish poetry contains the reflections of this general tendency. However, classical poetry also presents a characteristic and different picture of ugliness with the effect of its own dynamics. In classical poetry, it can be said that moral understanding is as determinant as physical perception in the emergence of this characteristic picture. In this article, it is aimed to draw a general framework on the understanding of ugliness in literary texts. Afterwards, the physical limits of the ugly understanding in classical Turkish poetry were revealed. In classical Turkish poetry, it was also emphasized with which concepts the perception and understanding of ugliness beyond physical boundaries are discussed. Keywords: classical Turkish poetry, ugly, ugliness

The role of didactic works in world literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Bakhtiyorovna Zaripova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Persian Poetry

In the 10th - 11th centuries, Persian - Tajik fiction began to develop, with some governors, especially Samanis, paying much attention to the development of Persian poetry. Literary centers were established in Bukhara, Samarkand, Marv, Balkh and Nishapur. The great speakers like Rudaki, Daqiqiy, Firdavsi, Asadi Tusi, Nosir Khisraf, Omar Khayyam, Nizami Ganjavi from the Tajik, Iranian and Azerbaijani nations were educated. Each of these writers has their own way of life and creativity, artistic style and literary services. Accordingly, these writers, who have lived and worked in such places as Bukhara, Samarkand, Termez, Merv, Khorezm, Nishapur, Balkh, Tus, Ghazna, Ganja and Shirvan, have gained popularity throughout the Middle East.

The Middle East: Global, Postcolonial, Regional, and Queer

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Chacko Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Queer Studies ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The 19Th Century

The dislocations associated with modernity have driven scholarly, literary, and philosophical inquiries in various directions since the 19th century: Marx's materialist critique, Ranke's historical empiricism, Baudelaire'sflâneur, Simmel's studies of urban anomie and alienation, Durkheim and Weber's sociology, and so on into the 20th and 21st centuries, and now reflected in this issue ofIJMESon queer studies. Although there are vast differences among them, they share a compulsion to explain what appeared as massive reconfigurations of time and space. The proliferation of subjective possibilities was pegged to an acceleration of the former and compression of the latter; accordingly, on our radar appear the bourgeois, middle class, and worker in the long 19th century and gay, lesbian, and transgender in the late 20th, two moments of rapid globalization and subject proliferation. We are to believe that in the fullness of time all will be free and all will be good. However, in the here and now some must be unfree and some bad. The modern distinction between free and unfree, good and bad, subjects relies heavily on uninterrogated assumptions about the spatial origins, temporality, and trajectory of modernity.

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