UGLY AND UGLINESS IN CLASSICAL TURKISH POETRY

Ugliness has been a concept and image that shapes its meaning and definition through beauty. Throughout the ages, the definition of ugliness has also been made as the opposite of beauty. Ugliness, which has been defined and described as the opposite of beauty since the first examples in world literature, has changed its own image in parallel with the change in the understanding of beauty. The understanding of ugliness in classical Turkish poetry contains the reflections of this general tendency. However, classical poetry also presents a characteristic and different picture of ugliness with the effect of its own dynamics. In classical poetry, it can be said that moral understanding is as determinant as physical perception in the emergence of this characteristic picture. In this article, it is aimed to draw a general framework on the understanding of ugliness in literary texts. Afterwards, the physical limits of the ugly understanding in classical Turkish poetry were revealed. In classical Turkish poetry, it was also emphasized with which concepts the perception and understanding of ugliness beyond physical boundaries are discussed. Keywords: classical Turkish poetry, ugly, ugliness

Leptospira, the ocular predator

Neuroretinitis is an inflammatory optic neuropathy with a classic funduscopic appearance of optic disc swelling and hard exudates on the macula in a star formation. It can be a manifestation of systemic, infectious or autoimmune disease. Here, we report three patients who presented with sudden onset of painless blurring of vision. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed a characteristic picture of neuroretinitis. Detailed study of the cases revealed leptospirosis being the aetiology of the neuroretinitis. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by spirochetes Leptospira, which presents with both ocular and systemic manifestations. Neuroretinitis has been reported in the few cases of leptospirosis. We present three cases of leptospirosis with bilateral and unilateral neuroretinitis presenting with sudden loss of vision, optic disc oedema, and macular star. Leptospirosis was confirmed by serological test and the disease responded optimally to specific therapy. Although funduscopic examination showed marked inflammatory changes in the retina and optic nerve head, the recovery following medical treatment was remarkable.

Experience of a Tertiary-Level Urology Center in Clinical Urological Events of Rare and Very Rare Incidence. V. Urological Tumors: 1. Adrenal Myelolipoma

Objectives: To present our center's experience in the management of adrenal myelolipoma in the context of shifting from the open to the laparoscopic adrenalectomy approach. Materials and Methods: A retrospective search of our center's records was done for reported cases of adrenal myelolipoma during the period July 2001-June 2016. All the cases with histopathologically-documented adrenal myelolipoma diagnosis were included. Relevant demographic and clinical variables were studied with a comparison between the open and laparoscopic approaches. Results: Of more than 82,000 urological surgeries, 238 adrenalectomies were done with only 22 cases of myelolipoma that had a mean age and body mass index of 52.4 ± 10.3 years and 30.23 kg/m2, respectively. The main clinical presentation was accidental discovery. The largest dimension of tumors varied from 6 to 16 cm. Computed tomography described a characteristic picture of hypodense heterogeneous adrenal tumors in all cases, while magnetic resonance imaging was indicated for malignancy suspicion in only 5 cases. Adrenal tumor markers were normal in all cases. Open and transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomies were used in 14 and 8 cases, respectively. The latter approach was insignificantly advantageous in the need for blood transfusion, postoperative pain degree, need for analgesia, and hospital stay duration (p = 0.22). Histo-pathological examination revealed benign adipose tissue and myeloid cells and confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma in all cases. Conclusions: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare non-functioning benign tumor. Laparoscopic excision seems to be a promising alternative approach to the traditional open adrenalectomy, even in the context of large tumors and obesity.

New World Leishmaniasis: The Role of Confocal Microscopy in Diagnosis and Follow-up - Tropical Dermatology

Cutaneous leishmaniasis may mimic other infections in overlapping endemic areas and timely treatment prevents dissemination of the parasite. The required histopathological and microbiological examinations are not always available, and can only give a deferred confirmation of the diagnosis. In contrast, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) allows real-time visualization till the level of papillary dermis. A 59-year-old Brazilian male presented with ulcerated plaques and tumors on the extremities. The clinical differential diagnosis included leishmaniasis and other infections with lymphocutaneous pattern of dissemination. RCM showed the characteristic picture of «eggs in a bird’s nest» which has been described in cutaneous leishmaniasis. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was later confirmed by skin biopsy, in which Leishmania guyanensis was identified by parasitological examination. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, reassessment with RCM corroborated the clinical cure, showing an «empty nest» picture. In conclusion, RCM noninvasively provides useful information for diagnosis and follow-up of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN MINAT IBU HAMIL TENTANG PRENATAL YOGA DI PUSKEMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN

ABSTRAK <br />Salah satu cara mengatasi kecemasan adalah dengan yoga menurut Perry, et al. (2010). Prenatal yoga adalah<br />salah satu cara terbaik bagi ibu hamil untuk tetap fit selama kehamilannya. Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan <br />rutin melaksanakan program senam hamil dan sosialisasi yoga ibu hamil, namun belum melaksanakan yoga<br />ibu hamil secara rutin. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik ibu hamil, tingkat<br />pengetahuan dan minat ibu hamil tentang prenatal yoga. Metodologi: yang digunakan adalah deskriptif<br />kuantitatif dengan cross sectional. Menggunakan sampel jenuh, total sampling dengan jumlah 44 orang.<br />Karakteristik ibu hamil berdasarkan umur terdapat ibu hamil dengan resiko tinggi umur &lt; 20 tahun sebanyak<br />4 orang (9,1%) dan umur &gt;35 tahun sebanyak 4 orang (9,1%). Karakteristik ibu hamil berdasarkan paritas <br />yang paling banyak adalah paritas 2 (ibu hamil ke dua) sebanyak 18 orang (40,9%). Karakteristik ibu hamil<br />berdasarkan usia kehamilan, ibu hamil yang datang paling banyak dengan usia kehamilan triwulan kedua<br />sebanyak 17 orang (38,6%). Karakteristik ibu hamil berdasarkan pendidikan, paling banyak memiliki latar<br />belakang pendidikan SMA/SMU/SMK sebanyak 21 orang (47,7%). Karakteristik ibu hamil berdasarkan <br />pekerjaan, ibu hamil yang bekerja dan tidak bekerja yang datang untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan<br />jumlahnya hampir sama. Yang tidak bekerja 24 orang dan yang bekerja 20 orang. Berdasarkan hasil<br />penelitian paling banyak ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan cukup sejumlah 32 orang (72,7%). Dalam<br />penelitian ini ibu hamil banyak memiliki minat yang cukup sejumlah 32 orang (72,7%). Simpulan yang bisa <br />diambil adalah pengetahuan dan minat ibu hamil tentang prenatal yoga yang terbanyak memiliki jumlah<br />yang sama yaitu 32 orang (72,7%). Rekomendasi kepada petugas kesehatan dalam hal ini bidan untuk ikut<br />melakukan sosialisasi prenatal yoga sebagai salah satu pengembangan dari kegiatan senam hamil. <br /><br />Kata Kunci : ibu hamil, prenatal yoga<br /> <br />ABSTRACT<br />One way to overcome anxiety is by yoga according to Perry, et al. (2010). Prenatal yoga is one of the best <br />ways for pregnant women to stay fit during pregnancy. Puskesmas II South Denpasar routinely implement<br />pregnancy exercise program and socialization of pregnant yoga mothers, but not yet carry out yoga<br />pregnant women regularly. Objective: To know the characteristic picture of pregnant mother, level of<br />knowledge and interest of pregnant mother about prenatal yoga. Methodology: used is descriptive<br />quantitative with cross sectional. Using a saturated sample, a total sampling of 44 people. Result:<br />Characteristic of pregnant women by age pregnant women with high risk &lt;20 years old as many as 4 people <br />(9,1%) and age&gt; 35 years counted 4 people (9,1%). Characteristics of pregnant women based on the most<br />parity is parity 2 (second pregnant mother) as many as 18 people (40,9%). Characteristics of pregnant<br />women based on gestational age, pregnant women who came at most with second gestational age of 17<br />people (38,6%). Characteristics of pregnant women based on education, most have high school / high school<br />/ vocational education as many as 21 people (47.7%). Characteristics of pregnant women on the job,<br />working and unemployed pregnant women who come for pregnancy checkups are about the same number.<br />That does not work 24 people and who works 20 people. Based on the results of research most pregnant<br />women have enough knowledge of 32 people (72.7%). In this study, many pregnant women have enough <br />interest of 32 people (72,7%). Maternal knowledge and interest about prenatal yoga has the same number of<br />32 people (72,7%). Recommendations to health workers in this case midwives to participate in prenatal yoga<br />socialization as one of the development of pregnancy exercise activities. <br /><br />Keywords: pregnant women, prenatal yoga

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke in a child – a rare case

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is a rare connective tissue disorder reported usually following streptococcal infection, influenza, measles, and mumps. This is a report of scleredema adultorum developing after streptococcal infection in an 10-year-old girl. The diagnosis was established by characteristic picture on skin biopsy using special stain. The patient had a benign course and responded to local emollients only. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 60-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i3.10225

EFFECTS OF A PARAMETER MISMATCH ON THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF TWO COUPLED CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS

Considering two identical, coupled Rössler systems, the paper first examines the bifurcations through which low-periodic orbits embedded into the synchronized chaotic state lose their transverse stability and produce the characteristic picture of riddled basins of attraction. The paper hereafter addresses the issue of the robustness of the synchronized chaotic state to a mismatch of the parameter values between the two subsystems. It is shown that the synchronized state is shifted away from the symmetric manifold, and the magnitude of this shift is expressed in terms of the coupling strength and the mismatch parameter. Finally, the paper illustrates how similar phenomena can be observed in a system of two coupled chaotic oscillators describing the spiking behavior of biological cells.

Idiopathic External Hydrocephalus: Natural History and Relationship to Benign Familial Macrocephaly

External hydrocephalus was identified in 63 infants. The 36 infants in whom external hydrocephalus was idiopathic constitute the study population. The group was homogeneous. Although not all were macrocephalic at birth, the head circumference exceeded the 95th percentile in all cases by 1 year of age, and subsequent head growth was parallel to the 95th percentile. The head computed tomographic scan showed a characteristic picture of a prominent interhemispheric fissure, a collection of subarachnoid fluid over the frontal convexities, and prominent basal cisternae. Mild ventriculomegaly was present in ten cases. These abnormalities resolved after 18 to 24 months of age. No infant required therapy for the condition. Development was normal in 32 infants, suspect in three, and clearly abnormal in only one of the 36 infants. However, of the 32 infants with normal development, 14 were found to be delayed in gross motor development and five in language development at a prior time. There was a family history of macrocephaly in 88% of cases. Several families had a mixture of members with external hydrocephalus and benign familial macrocephaly throughout several generations. These findings suggest that idiopathic external hydrocephalus is a relatively benign, self-limited condition that resolves without treatment and is closely related to benign familial macroceophaly.

ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD: A REPORT OF EIGHT PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED MIGRAINE BEGINNING IN INFANCY

In this report eight patients are described who suffer an unusual symptom complex of intermittent, alternating hemiplegia. Symptoms have begun in early childhood and in one child at age 3 months. Typically, there is a brief vasomotor prodrome and then the abrupt onset of hemiplegia. Contralateral headache tends to develop soon after the onset of neurological symptoms. Recovery is usual within several hours but may be prolonged over several days. Recurrence during early childhood is frequent. Serial electroencephalograms have shown fluctuating and inconstant slow wave abnormalities as occur with cerebral ischaemia, but radiological investigations have failed to indicate structural or dynamic changes in cerebral blood vessels. The treatment of the disorder is symptomatic and antiserotonin compounds have not been found to be effective. As these children have matured, attacks have become less frequent and in some a more characteristic picture of migraine has emerged. In several patients residual neurological signs including dementia and dyskinesia are now present. Because convulsions occasionally occur with the hemiplegia, differentiation from a primary seizure disorder is often difficult. The profile and evolution of symptoms, however, suggests that these patients suffer a primary vascular disorder within the category of migraine, but they are unusual in the early onset of symptoms and the fixed neurological deficits that may ensue.