Human Impact on Antler Conformation in Western Red Deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758)

A stray find of red deer antler from Sweden with the braincase was collected due to an apparently pathological deformation, the strongly retarded right antler. Measurements of the complete left antler inspired the analysis of general antler conformation in order to place this archaeological specimen in a zoological context. This stray find and another prehistoric antler from Sweden as well as three complete prehistoric antlers from Hungary were metrically compared using measurements of over 17,000 trophies of extant red deer from Hungary. The results confirmed that the stray specimen from Sweden and prehistoric antlers from Hungary were similar in that they were stouter (smaller length measurements but greater circumferences) than their 20th century counterparts. Most of their measurements fell within the ±1 standard deviation interval of the means of extant trophies. The pathological lesion on the studied stray specimen directed attention to the role of human selection. Twentieth century record trophies show a significant increase in antler weight and “quality” as defined in the international trophy grading system. While these morphometric observations cannot be taken as a proxy for absolute dating or precise contextual identification for the stray find central to this study, its size and apparent lack of consistent human selection (pathological deformation, “archaic” antler proportions) point to possibly early origins, prior to major human influence.

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Role of ovarian failure in reproductive senescence in aged red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/jrf.0.1200211 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Fisher ◽

B. McLeod ◽

D. Heath ◽

S Lun ◽

P. Hurst

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Ovarian Failure ◽

Reproductive Senescence

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Production of interferon by red deer (Cervus elaphus) conceptuses and the effects of roIFN-tau on the timing of luteolysis and the success of asynchronous embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/118.2.387 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 387-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

KJ Demmers ◽

HN Jabbour ◽

DW Deakin ◽

AP Flint

Keyword(s):

Embryo Transfer ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Red Deer ◽

Interferon Tau ◽

Recombinant Interferon ◽

Uterine Flushing ◽

Calving Rate

The role of interferon in early pregnancy in red deer was investigated by (a) measuring production of interferon by the conceptus, (b) testing the anti-luteolytic effect of recombinant interferon-tau in non-pregnant hinds, and (c) treatment of hinds with interferon after asynchronous embryo transfer. Blastocysts were collected from 34 hinds by uterine flushing 14 (n = 2), 16 (n = 2), 18 (n = 8), 20 (n = 13) or 22 (n = 9) days after synchronization of oestrus with progesterone withdrawal. Interferon anti-viral activity was detectable in uterine flushings from day 16 to day 22, and increased with duration of gestation (P < 0.01) and developmental stage (P < 0.01). When interferon-tau was administered daily between day 14 and day 20 to non-pregnant hinds to mimic natural blastocyst production, luteolysis was delayed by a dose of 0.2 mg day(-1) (27.3 +/- 1.3 days after synchronization, n = 4 versus 21 +/- 0 days in control hinds, n = 3; P < 0.05). Interferon-tau was administered to hinds after asynchronous embryo transfer to determine whether it protects the conceptus against early pregnancy loss. Embryos (n = 24) collected on day 6 from naturally mated, superovulated donors (n = 15) were transferred into synchronized recipients on day 10 or day 11. Interferon-tau treatment (0.2 mg daily from day 14 to 20) increased calving rate from 0 to 64% in all recipients (0/11 versus 7/11, P < 0.005), and from 0 to 67% in day 10 recipients (0/8 versus 6/9, P < 0.01). The increased success rate of asynchronous embryo transfer after interferon-tau treatment in cervids may be of benefit where mismatched embryo-maternal signalling leads to failure in the establishment of pregnancy.

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Role of Estrogen and Prostaglandin F2α in Premature Luteal Regression in Monovulatory and Superovulated Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod54.2.347 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David R.J. Bainbridge ◽

Morag G. Hunter ◽

Dennis G. Chapple ◽

Anthony P.F. Flint ◽

Henry N. Jabbour

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Luteal Regression

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Johne's disease caused byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisinfection in red deer (Cervus elaphus): An histopathological grading system, and comparison of paucibacillary and multibacillary disease

New Zealand Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1080/00480169.2010.65263 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 90-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

RG Clark ◽

JFT Griffin ◽

CG Mackintosh

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Johne's Disease ◽

Johne’S Disease ◽

Grading System ◽

Histopathological Grading

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Regulation of aminopeptidases by the renin - angiotensin system: monitoring seasonal variations in red deer and fallow deer from a Mediterranean ecosystem

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

A. Galán-Ocaña ◽

M. J. Ramírez-Expósito ◽

J. M. Martínez-Martos ◽

S. Tellado ◽

C. Azorit

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Red Deer ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin

The circulating renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is well known for its systemic role in the regulation of blood pressure, renal hemodynamics and fluid homeostasis. However, in mammals several organs also contain a local RAS, including male and female reproductive tissues. In the present study we analysed serum from a free-living population of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) to determine the activity of four RAS-regulating aminopeptidases (aminopeptidase A, aspartyl aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase N and aminopeptidase B) as part of a study of annual cycles of growth and condition. Our aim was to detect seasonal variations in the activities of these aminopeptidases and their relationship to the reproductive behaviour of both species in a Mediterranean environment. In both males and females there was a maximum peak of activity in autumn. A second peak was detected in spring for males while in females activity was also higher in summer. These changes may be related to a different endocrine status according to their seasonal cycle, the decreased photoperiod in autumn and the normal timing of the seasonal growth cycle. Thus, changes in the activity of RAS-regulating aminopeptidases could reflect the functional role of angiotensins through the annual cycle of both species, also suggesting an important role of these peptide hormones in the regulation of these biological processes.

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Sarcocystis spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pudu (Pudu pudu) in southern Chile

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 874-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esteban Reyes Lobão-Tello ◽

Enrique Paredes ◽

María José Navarrete-Talloni

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

First Record ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dama Dama ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Sarcocystis Spp

ABSTRACT: Worldwinde, cervids are considered an important source of infection and dissemination of a wide variety of pathogens, both for farm animals and humans. Among this diseases is sarcosporidiosis, which is a parasitic disease caused by Sarcocystis spp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa). Most frequent clinical signs are hemolytic anemia, weakness, weight loss and decrease of growth and some species of Sarcocystis might cause abortions. The clinical disease in ruminants is fairly rare but the infection is very frequent. Infections are accumulative and the parasite does not generate immunity in any of the hosts. Ovine sarcosporidiosis is a serious issue in the some regions of Chile due to the macrocysts located in the muscle which means condemnation of the whole carcass. Sarcocystis spp. has been widely reported in red deer and other cervid species but in Chile the situation remains unknown. Nowadays there is little to no evidence of Sarcocystis in foreign deer in Chile and there is only one report of the parasite on pudu. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer in Chile, and confirm the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in pudu. All cervid cases from 1994 to 2013 of the Institute of Animal Pathology of the Universidad Austral de Chile were reviewed. The animals selected were those in which a myocardium sample was taken. From the histopathological samples observed, it was found that 5 of the 9 red deer, 1 of the 4 fallow deer and in 11 of the 23 pudu there were Sarcocystis cysts in the myocardium. This study represents the first record for Chile of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer. Stablishing the red deer, fallow deer and pudu as hosts of Sarcocystis aids to have a better understanding of the parasite epidemiology in Chile and the role of wild and captive cervids in the maintenance and spread of these parasites.

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Becoming deer. Corporeal transformations at Star Carr

Archaeological Dialogues ◽

10.1017/s1380203804001357 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 37-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Chantal Conneller

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Red Deer ◽

Deer Antler ◽

Animal Remains ◽

The Way

This article examines the role of red deer antler ‘masks’ recovered from the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr in northern England. It explores the agency of animals and the type of agency attributable to objects made from parts of animals at the site. When humans use or wear objects that are made from animal parts, I argue that there are also important implications for the way in which the human body is conceived. This article goes on to explore the types of body produced from the taking on of objects made from animal remains and the implications that this has for the ways both humans and animals were perceived during the Mesolithic.

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Ageing red deer alter their spatial behaviour and become less social

10.1101/2021.06.11.448092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory F Albery ◽

Tim H Clutton-Brock ◽

Alison Morris ◽

Sean Morris ◽

Josephine M Pemberton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Red Deer ◽

Social Systems ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Spatial Behaviour ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Social relationships are important to many aspects of animals' lives, and an individual's connectedness may change over the course of their lifespan. Currently, it is unclear whether social connectedness declines with age, and what the underlying mechanisms might be, so the role of age in structuring animal social systems remains unresolved. Here, we describe senescent declines in social connectedness using 43 years of data in a wild, individually-monitored population of a long-lived mammal (European red deer, Cervus elaphus). Applying a series of spatial and social network analyses, we demonstrate that these declines likely occur due to a combination of within-individual changes in social behaviour and altered spatial behaviour (smaller home ranges and movements to lower-density, lower-quality areas). These findings demonstrate that behavioural changes can lead older animals to become less socially connected, shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary processes structuring wild animal populations.

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