scholarly journals Viticultural Performance of Hybrids and Vitis vinifera Varieties Established in Annapolis Valley (Nova Scotia)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Francisco Diez-Zamudio ◽  
Rodrigo Laytte ◽  
Cecilia Grallert ◽  
Nedret Neslihan Ivit ◽  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Annapolis Valley

(1) Background: Cold-hardy interspecific hybrid grapes (CIHG) are well adapted to the Annapolis Valley edaphoclimatic conditions. The main characteristics of CIHG are the high bud hardiness tolerance to winter frost, the short growing cycle, and the good tolerance to cryptogamic diseases. Based on local experience, the Vitis vinifera varieties should be grown in the warmest areas of the Annapolis Valley (Nova Scotia, Canada). Despite this, there is little scientific evidence that shows the viticultural behavior of these varieties under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this valley. (2) Methods: Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the viticultural behavior of two CIHG (L’Acadie and New York Muscat) and three V. vinifera varieties (Chardonnay, Riesling, and Pinot Noir) growing in the Annapolis Valley over three consecutive seasons. (3) Results: The coldest season (2019) produced a delay in grapevine phenology of at least 18 days for budburst compared to the warm seasons (2017 and 2018). In addition, in the coldest season from budburst to bloom the duration decreased compared to the rest of the seasons. The main phenological stages started earlier in L’Acadie than in the V. vinifera varieties. L’Acadie presented lower N petiole content than the V. vinifera varieties, which conditioned shoot growth in the studied seasons. CIHG presented low B petiole levels and produced musts with low malic acid content, while V. vinifera varieties produced musts with high N content. L’Acadie was the only variety that could bud out, and differentially produced fruit after the spring frost of −2 to −3 °C for 2 h in 2018 in this trial. (4) Conclusions: L’Acadie, and to a lesser extent, Riesling, hold an interesting adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Annapolis Valley.

Unknown Cultivars of Cold-hardy Grape Can Be Successfully Identified by Their Simples Sequence Repeat (SSR) Fingerprints

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516d-517
Author(s):  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Christopher A. Alpha ◽  
David V. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Ssr Fingerprinting ◽  
Cool Climate

Simple sequence repeat DNA fragments (SSRs) have been suggested as the method of choice for DNA fingerprinting of grape cultivars. Nevertheless, the use of SSRs as a practical fingerprinting method is not without its pitfalls. For example, when the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify SSR sequences, potentially confusing “stutter” bands may occur, or there may be non-template directed addition of an “A” to the end of synthesized fragments, or other artifactual amplification products may be produced. Since we would like to fingerprint our entire cold-hardy grape collection of ≈1300 cultivars, we decided to conduct a blind test to determine if SSR fingerprinting actually would be practical in our circumstances. First, SSR fingerprints were established for 45 commercially important cool-climate grape cultivars, the known standards. Then, SSR fingerprints were produced for 44 “unknown” cultivars grown in the Finger Lakes Region of New York. The identities of these were known only to the third author. To independently identity these “unknowns,” their fingerprints were compared to those of the known standards. By this means, 42 of the 44 “unknowns” were immediately correctly identified. The identity of one of the two remaining unknowns was truly not known to the vineyard owner; it was identified as Cabernet Franc, a grape commonly grown in the region. The final “unknown” was a plant of Pinot Blanc, whose fingerprint matched those of both the known and the unknown Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir plants, but did not match that of the Pinot Blanc plants used as standards. This was surprising, since all three Pinot's varieties are simply fruit color mutants of the same genotype. Further investigation revealed that the known plants of “Pinot Blanc” had been misidentified, and actually were the cultivar Melon. Thus, identification of the “unknown” Pinot Blanc as Pinot Noir or Pinot Gris was correct, as were the identifications of the 43 other `unknowns.” This study confirmed that SSR fingerprinting is a practical method for identifying cool-climate grape cultivars.

scholarly journals Nutritional status differentially affect yield and must composition of hybrids and V. vinifera varieties established under cold climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Francisco Diez-Zamudio ◽  
Rodrigo Laytte ◽  
Cecilia Grallert ◽  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Optimal Values

Nova Scotia is characterized by cold climate and acidic soils and high organic matter for viticultural development. There is little scientific information available about the nutritional management of grapevine varieties cultivated under cold climate conditions even in Nova Scotia. This study carried out in three seasons aimed to find correlations between tissue nutrients with yield and must composition in order to provide better nutritional management for a given variety. The yield of “L’Acadie” variety was correlated with B, K and Mg. In this variety, Ca to Mg ratio could be an interesting indicator of yield. The yield of “New York Muscat” variety was correlated with Zn, while N, P and K was related to bunch weight and weight of berries. Interspecific hybrids presented lower accumulation of B in their tissues than V. vinifera varieties. Zn and Fe were found as determinant micronutrients in “Chardonnay” variety. “Riesling” variety accumulated high levels of K in their tissues even over the optimal values recommended for grapevines. K to Ca ratio could be an important indicator of yield in “Pinot Noir” variety. A strong correlation between the petiole and blade analysis was found in macro and micro-nutrients. These results may contribute to improve the nutritional management of grapevines grown under cold climate conditions, mostly in Nova Scotia.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in grapes with the Prussian Blue reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Matei ◽  
Simona Dobrinas ◽  
Gabriel Lucian Radu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Blue Reaction

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to adapt the Prussian Blue reaction for the determination of ascorbic acid. The procedure was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in red and white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) just previous ingathering. In the present work was used the red and white grapes from Murfatlar vineyard: Mamaia, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Muscat Ottonel and Riesling Italian. The results were situated in the range of 0.67 - 1.79 mg vitamin C/100g product for red grapes and respectively 0.50 - 1.49 mg vitamin C/100g for white grapes.

Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli. [Distribution map].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Dietel Fungi: Basidiomycota: Uredinales Hosts: Picea spp. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest, Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon, USA, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

scholarly journals Detection of Australian grapevine viroid in Vitis vinifera in New York

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vargas-Asencio ◽  
K. L. Perry ◽  
A. Wise ◽  
M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vitis Vinifera

scholarly journals A New Look at Cultivar Preference in Hoplocampa testudinea (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Apple in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Suzanne Blatt ◽  
Kim Hiltz
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Hoplocampa Testudinea

(1) Background: The European apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea Klug (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), can be an economically important pest in eastern Canada and shows preference for apple cultivars in Nova Scotia, Canada. We hypothesized that this preference could be due to oviposition by female H. testudinea (preference-performance hypothesis) during the bloom period or differential larval survival during development due to fruitlet physicochemical properties. (2) Methods: Fifteen commercial and experimental apple (Malusdomestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) cultivars located at the Kentville Research and Development Centre (Kentville, Nova Scotia) were chosen and examined for H. testudinea oviposition, larval performance during fruitlet development, fruitlet physicochemical properties and damage assessment at harvest from 2016–2019, inclusive. (3) Results: H. testudinea showed significant cultivar preference during oviposition, during development and at harvest, but the ranking of these cultivars was not the same throughout the season. Total impact by H. testudinea was consistent for most cultivars over multiple years of the study. (4) Conclusion: Correlation of oviposition with damage provided weak evidence for the preference-performance hypothesis. We propose that this relationship is weak due to differential survival of larvae during development.

scholarly journals First Report of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Vitis vinifera and French American Hybrids in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Auger ◽  
M. Esterio ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
W. D. Gubler ◽  
A. Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
First Report ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous. M.J. Wingfield & L. Mugnai) Crous & Gams (= Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum) was isolated during the growing seasons of 2003-2004 from roots, trunks, and cordons of grapevines, including cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Thompson seedless, Ruby seedless and root stock 3309C, and Kober 5BB, from 10 locations in V, VI, VII, and metropolitan regions of Chile. P. chlamydospora was isolated from 82% of samples from vines 2 to 18 years old that showed decline symptoms in the field. Isolates were identified on the basis of a previous description (1) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) rDNA sequences identical to those of P. chlamydospora isolated from Vitis vinifera (culture CBS 22995, GenBank Accession No. AF 197973). P. chlamydospora is established as a member of the petri and esca disease complex and as a pathogen of grapevines (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were completed by injecting into the pith of 50 single-node, rooted cuttings of Pinot noir and 3309C, approximately 20 μl of a 106 conidia per ml suspension, obtained from four isolates from Chile and one from California. Ten control cuttings of Pinot noir and 3309C were injected with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. Twenty-four weeks after inoculations, all P. chlamydospora-inoculated cuttings exhibited dark streaking of the vascular tissue extending 40 to 45 mm from the point of inoculation. The vascular streaking observed in inoculated plants was identical to symptoms observed in declining vines in the vineyard. No symptoms were observed in the controls. P. chlamydospora was isolated from the region of vascular streaking in 85% of inoculated cuttings. P. chlamydospora was not isolated from the water-treated controls. The reisolated P. chlamydospora was verified with means of morphological characters and polymerase chain reaction amplification with the species-specific primers (3). P. chlamydospora is widespread and readily isolated from declining grapevines in Chile and other grape growing regions of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. chlamydospora from the cultivars cited above in Chile. References: (1) M. Groenewald et al. Mycol. Res. 105:651, 2001. (2) L. sparapano et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. (Suppl.)40:376, 2001. (3) S. Tegli et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:134, 2000.

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