Impact of Referral Sources and Waiting Times on the Failure to Quit Smoking: One-Year Follow-Up of an Italian Cohort Admitted to a Smoking Cessation Service

Background: More than 300 million smokers make China the largest cigarette consumer globally, which is a huge economic burden. Smoking cessation (SC) clinics can offer counseling and follow-up services. The operational experience of SC clinics in China needs to be summarized and improved based on research evidence.Purpose: The objectives of this study were to describe quit rates among attendees of SC clinics in Hunan and assess predictors of successful SC.Methods: The participants in this study were smokers who visited the SC clinic of Hunan Cancer Hospital from February 1, 2015 to September 30, 2018. Individuals who received individual counseling and assessment from the SC clinic staff and were willing to quit smoking were eligible for inclusion. Those with critical illness or cancer were excluded. Application of smoking cessation clinic registration form (unified by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention) was used to assess participants at the consultation. Follow-ups and counseling were performed over telephone at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the initial cessation consultation or in times of need. Successful SC was checked for at 3 months after the start of SC.Results: A total of 328 smokers (mean age 45.67 ± 12.38 years) had participated. The abstinence rate at 3 months was 28.4%. Binary regression analysis revealed significant independent predictors to be the total numbers of SC follow up sessions, previous SC attempts, and participants' decision on when to quit smoking (The relative to quit immediately group, quit within 30 days, quit after 30 days, and undecided quit were less likely to succeed in quitting. while quit within seven days had no statistical significance.Conclusion: SC clinics can achieve a desirably high quit rate. Participant's previous attempts at quitting, three or more follow-ups, and the decision to quit immediately or within seven days were factors helpful in predicting the success of SC.

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Factors affecting success and abstinence within a smoking cessation clinic: A one-year follow-up study in Turkey

Tobacco Prevention & Cessation ◽

10.18332/tpc/130471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (December) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ayse Esen ◽

Yuksel Soylem ◽

Secil Arica ◽

Gulten Belgin ◽

Nadire Gonultas

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

One Year ◽

Cessation Clinic ◽

Smoking Cessation Clinic

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Lifestyle and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

Tobacco Use Insights ◽

10.1177/1179173x20963062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 1179173X2096306

Author(s):

Tove Sohlberg ◽

Karin Helmersson Bergmark

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Swedish Health Care ◽

The Impact ◽

Term Maintenance

Background: Since smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, discouraging smoking initiation, encouraging smoking cessation, and exploring factors that help individuals to stay smoke free are immensely important. One such relevant factor may be the impact of lifestyle for long-term smoking cessation. Method: A representative sample of successful quitters was recruited for a study about smoking cessation. These respondents are now part of a 7-year follow-up with the overall aim of revealing factors affecting long-term smoking cessation. Descriptive analyses were carried out at baseline and at follow-up, as well as a further two-step cluster analysis to explore profiles of long-term smoke-free individuals. Results: A majority did not make any particular lifestyle changes, but among those who did, most adopted a healthier lifestyle and/or increased their quota of physical training, where permanent changes in this direction seem to promote a more enduring smoke-free life. Conclusions: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Swedish health care institutions should be able to provide support for this both initially and over time to promote the long-term maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.

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One year follow-up of the Chicago televised smoking cessation program.

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.79.10.1377 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 79 (10) ◽

pp. 1377-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

B R Flay ◽

C L Gruder ◽

R B Warnecke ◽

L A Jason ◽

P Peterson

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Cessation Program ◽

One Year

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Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Using Best-Selling Smoking-Cessation Book

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556131709600701 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 258-263

Author(s):

James P. Foshee ◽

Anita Oh ◽

Adam Luginbuhl ◽

Joseph Curry ◽

William Keane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Our prospective, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the self-help book, The Easy Way to Stop Smoking, by Allen Carr, in promoting smoking cessation in patients with head and neck cancer. We assessed active smokers for their willingness to read a smoking cessation book. Participants were randomized to either receive the book from our department or recommended to purchase the book. All patients received smoking cessation counseling at recruitment. Phone surveys were conducted at short- and long-term intervals to determine if the patients had purchased and/or read the book and whether they were still smoking. One hundred twelve patients were recruited, 52 of whom completed follow-up surveys. Those who received the book for free were more likely to read the book (p = 0.05). Reading the book did not correlate with successful smoking cessation (p = 0.81). Some 26% of the 27 patients who received the book quit smoking compared with 32% of the 25 patients who were recommended the book (p = 0.76). Patients who indicated motivation to quit smoking were more likely to succeed. In our study, smoking cessation did not appear to be influenced by reading The Easy Way to Stop Smoking. Despite 80.8% of the cohort indicating at least a readiness to quit smoking at recruitment, only 28.8% of patients managed to achieve successful smoking cessation at long-term follow-up. Patient motivation remains an important factor in achieving long-term smoking abstinence. Quitting smoking remains a daunting challenge for patients, with multiple interventions likely needed to achieve cessation.

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Change in smoking cessation stage over 1 year in patients with schizophrenia: a follow up study in Japan

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2351-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuji Higuchi ◽

Masaki Fujiwara ◽

Naoki Nakaya ◽

Maiko Fujimori ◽

Chinatsu Hayashibara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Smoking Behaviors

Abstract Background We performed a follow up study about willingness and behaviors to quit smoking among smokers with schizophrenia in Japan. Methods Participants were outpatients with schizophrenia aged 20–69 years who had been visiting the hospital for ≥1 year as of April 1, 2016, and had visited the hospital more than once in the previous 6 months. A baseline survey on smoking behaviors including current smoking status and smoking cessation stage, was administered in 420 participants that were randomly extracted from a patient pool (n = 680) in 2016, and a follow-up survey was administered in 2017. We calculated the distribution and change in smoking cessation stage, number of smokers and nonsmokers after 1 year, and quitting rate from a naturalistic 1-year smoking-cessation follow up. Results The number of baseline respondents was 350; 113 current smokers and 68 former smokers. Among the 113 current smokers, 104 (92.0%) were followed for 1 year, 79 (70.0%) were interested in smoking cessation, and only 7 had received smoking cessation treatments at baseline. Among the tracked 104 participants, only 6 (5.8%) stopped smoking after 1 year. Among the 25 participants who had intentions to quit smoking within 6 months at baseline, 6 (24.0%) maintained their intention to quit smoking for 1 year, and 16 (64.0%) did not maintain their intention to quit smoking. Conclusions Our findings showed that many smokers with schizophrenia were interested in quitting smoking, but few patients received treatment and actually quit smoking. Timely intervention, including the option to receive smoking cessation treatment, is necessary for those patients with schizophrenia who smoke. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000023874, registered on August 31, 2016).

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A Self-Reflection Program for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: A Phenomenological Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17031085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1085

Author(s):

Inok Sim ◽

Eunjeong Hwang ◽

Bora Sin

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Phenomenological Study ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Concept ◽

Self Reflection ◽

Adolescent Smokers ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Smoking Behaviors

The study aimed to understand the experiences of adolescent smokers who participated in a self-reflection program for smoking cessation and to develop the theoretical basis for constructing similar programs. The program is unique from other smoking cessation programs in that it seeks to be creative and allow participants to establish an individualized vision for themselves. The participants, ten students from middle and high schools located in cities A and S, were interviewed right after the program ended. Data were collected from August to December 2019 and analyzed using a phenomenological approach to understand participant experiences in depth. The analysis revealed five major themes: ‘Uniqueness of the Program,’ ‘Perception of Smoking Cessation,’ ‘Positive Reflection on Life,’ ‘Understanding Others,’ and ‘A Search for Hope and Vision in Life.’ The findings revealed that their smoking behaviors were changed through self-reflection and enhancement of self-efficacy and that the program facilitated the formation of identity and vision for the future, which may indirectly strengthen the motivation for adolescent smokers to quit smoking. These findings suggest the need for a smoking cessation program that enhances self-concept and self-esteem. Moreover, it highlights the importance of follow-up research to ensure effectiveness and the need to develop programs with creative content.

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Personality and Behavioral Correlates of Cigarette Smoking: One-Year Follow-up

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1976.38.1.251 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carl Reynolds ◽

Robert Nichols

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Behavioral Correlates ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

One Year ◽

And Behavior ◽

Psychological Inventory

The smoking behavior of 885 students in high school and 1 yr. later in college was correlated with scores on scales and factor scales of the California Psychological Inventory and of the Objective Behavior Inventory. The data were analyzed separately by sex, and groups of students who started and who quit smoking during the period of study were compared with those who continued either to smoke or to abstain. Smokers were less well-adjusted and more likely to engage in antisocial activities. These relationships were stronger among women than among men, and those who showed behavioral ambivalence toward smoking, i.e., started or quit, were intermediate between' smokers and nonsmokers with respect to personality and behavior. The results are interpreted as suggesting a direct relationship between personality and cigarette smoking.

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Retraining automatic action tendencies for smoking using mobile phone-based approach-avoidance bias training: Study protocol for a randomized controlled study

10.21203/rs.2.376/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alla Machulska ◽

Kristian Kleinke ◽

Tanja Joan Eiler ◽

Armin Grünewald ◽

Rainer Brück ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Bias Modification

Abstract Background: Automatic tendencies to approach drug-related cues have been linked to the development and maintainance of harmful drug taking behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated that these automatic approach tendencies can be targeted directly by means of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) approaches. Moreover, changing those approach tendencies may enhance treatment outcomes. However, training and therapy effects tend to be rather small and adherence to the training might be impaired by time-consuming multiple lab-training sessions. Here, we present a protocol for a randomized control design to improve CBM training efficiency and facilitate access to the training by providing mobile phone-based training sessions at home to current smokers motivated to quit smoking. Methods: Participants (n = 100) are current smokers who smoke at least 6 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months and are willing to quit smoking. All participants attend a brief behavioral smoking cessation intervention (TAU) and are randomly assigned either to an experimental (TAU + training) or a control group. Participants in the experimental condition are given access to a training app aimed at retraining automatic approach biases for smoking cues. Participants are instructed to perform the app-training outside the laboratory context on a daily basis for 14 consecutive days. Participants in the control group do not receive the training. Primary outcome measures are changes in smoking-related approach biases and reductions in daily nicotine consumption as assessed at baseline, post-training and at a six-week follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include approach biases for alternative stimuli or smoking stimuli to which participants were not exposed during training, attentional and association biases, biochemical outcomes, and self-reported smoking behavior, also measured at three different time points (baseline, post-training, follow-up). After completion of the study, smokers in the control condition will receive access to the training app. Discussion: This RCT is the first to test the effectiveness of an app-based CBM intervention as an adjunct to a brief smoking cessation intervention in smokers motivated to quit smoking. The results of this study can inform future research in the optimisation and advancement of CBM treatment for addiction. Trial registration: Registered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN15690771. Registered on 20 November 2018; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15690771 Key words: Approach Bias, Cogitive Bias Modification, cigarette smoking, nicotine addiction, Randomized Control Trial, smartphone apps

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