scholarly journals Harvested Wood Products as a Carbon Sink in China, 1900–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Luyang Zhang ◽  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Tianyuan Song ◽  
Jiaqi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Harvested Wood Products ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Stock Change

The use of harvested wood products (HWPs) influences the carbon flux. China is both the major producer and trader of HWP, so estimating the carbon stock change of China’s HWP is important to help curb climate change. Accurate reporting and accounting of carbon flows in the HWP pool is needed to meet greenhouse gas monitoring and climate change mitigation objectives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement. This study applied production approach (PA) to estimate the carbon stock change of China’s HWP from 1900 to 2016. During the estimating period, the carbon stock of HWP in use and deposed at solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) were 649.2 Teragrams Carbon (TgC) (346.8 TgC in wood-based panels, 216.7 TgC in sawnwood and 85.7 TgC in paper & paperboard) and 72.6 TgC, respectively. The carbon amount of annual domestic harvest HWP varied between 87.6 and 118.7 TgC. However, the imported carbon inflow increased significantly after the 1990s and reached 47.6 TgC in 2016, accounting for 46% of the domestic harvest of that year. China has great mitigation potential from HWP and use of this resource should be considered in future strategies to address climate change.

scholarly journals Substitution and carbon storage impacts of harvested wood products - Effects of increased cascading with different market responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janni Kunttu ◽  
Elias Hurmekoski ◽  
Tanja Myllyviita ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Market Response ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Composite Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract BackgroundThe climate impacts of wood-based products can be measured by substitution impacts and changes in product carbon stocks. Cascade use of wood aims to increase resource efficiency and minimize the impact on the environment and climate, but it may lead to changes in the product portfolios of industries. Thus, measuring the overall impact is challenging. This study analyses the impact of wood cascading on the climate under varying market responses. Cascade use here refers to discarded sawnwood product utilisation in panel and wood-based composite production. The study utilises explorative scenarios where Finnish wood-based flows are modelled in an Excel-based material flow model, and discarded sawnwood flows are shifted from energy use to material use in the end-of-life stage. The Reference case represents the situation where discarded wood-based products are only used for energy. The scenarios portray plausible market responses to cascading, with cascade production either leading to additional wood-based panel and composite production, or substituting primary sawnwood products thus leading to lower overall harvest levels. ResultsThe results show that the cascading can result in 1.6%-5.4% more avoided C emissions compared to reference when considering the substitution impacts, the carbon stock changes in wood products, and the avoided carbon loss from roundwood harvest. Besides the market response, the results vary depending on the time-period selected for the estimation of the average annual carbon stock change of wood products and the emission profile of non-wood products. ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that cascading can contribute to climate change mitigation regardless of the market response, but it depends on the market response whether the reduction potential origins from wood-based products or indirect changes in the harvest levels. There are less avoided C emission gains in the technosystem, if cascading production substitutes primary production and therefore reduces the wood harvest. However, the opposite holds, if the average substitution impacts are significantly reduced in the future due to decarbonization of non-wood sectors. Thus, in the long-term, extending the carbon residence in the technosystem or in the ecosystem may provide a larger climate change mitigation potential than increasing the substitution impacts. Keywords: carbon stock change, cascading, forest industries, greenhouse gas emissions, harvested wood products, substitution, substitution impact

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal assessment of topsoil organic carbon stock change in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 104410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Béla Pirkó ◽  
Sándor Koós ◽  
Annamária Laborczi ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
Temporal Assessment

scholarly journals Projecting Climate Change Potential of Harvested Wood Products under Different Scenarios of Wood Production and Utilization: Study of Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2510
Author(s):  
Hubert Paluš ◽  
Ján Parobek ◽  
Martin Moravčík ◽  
Miroslav Kovalčík ◽  
Michal Dzian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Harvested Wood Products ◽  
Wood Utilization ◽  
Change Mitigation

The forestry and forest-based sector play a significant role in climate change mitigation strategies and can contribute to the achievement of a climate-neutral economy. In this context, the ability of harvested wood products (HWP) to sequester carbon is of significant importance. The objective of this work is to make a projection of climate change mitigation potential of HWP, under different scenarios of wood utilization in Slovakia. This study builds on the comparison of different scenarios of industrial wood utilization till 2035 and presents the resulting impacts on the national carbon balance. The results suggest that the development of timber supplies after 2020 in Slovakia will be influenced, in particular, by the future changes in the age distribution and tree species composition as well as the extent of future accidental felling. Consequently, a predicted structure and availability of wood resources in Slovakia will be reflected in a higher share of the production of products with shorter life cycle and thus will negatively affect the carbon pool in HWP. By comparing the results of the four designed scenarios, it follows that the scenario with the greatest mitigation potential, is the one assuming the optimal use of wood assortments and limitation of industrial roundwood foreign trade.

Climate Change and Forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Brent Sohngen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Carbon Fertilization ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Forests have become an important carbon sink in the last century, with management and carbon fertilization offsetting nearly all of the carbon emitted due to deforestation and conversion of land into agricultural uses. Society appears already to have decided that forests will play an equally ambitious role in the future. Given this, economists are needed to help better understand the efficiency of efforts society may undertake to expand forests, protect them from losses, manage them more intensively, or convert them into wood products, including biomass energy. A rich literature exists on this topic, but a number of critical information gaps persist, representing important opportunities for economists to advance knowledge in the future. This article reviews the literature on forests and climate change and provides some thoughts on potential future research directions.

scholarly journals Propagating Uncertainty in Plot-based Estimates of Forest Carbon Stock and Carbon Stock Change

Ecosystems ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Holdaway ◽  
Stephen J. McNeill ◽  
Norman W. H. Mason ◽  
Fiona E. Carswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
Stock Change

scholarly journals The default methods in the 2019 Refinement drastically reduce estimates of global carbon sinks of harvested wood products

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Kayo ◽  
Gerald Kalt ◽  
Yuko Tsunetsugu ◽  
Seiji Hashimoto ◽  
Hirotaka Komata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Atmospheric Flow ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Harvested Wood Products ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Production Approach

Abstract Background The stock dynamics of harvested wood products (HWPs) are a relevant component of anthropogenic carbon cycles. Generally, HWP stock increases are treated as carbon removals from the atmosphere, while stock decreases are considered emissions. Among the different approaches suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for accounting HWPs in national greenhouse gas inventories, the production approach has been established as the common approach under the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. However, the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change decided that alternative approaches can also be used. The IPCC has published guidelines for estimating HWP carbon stocks and default parameters for the various approaches in the 2006 Guidelines, 2013 Guidance, and 2019 Refinement. Although there are significant differences among the default methods in the three IPCC guidelines, no studies have systematically quantified or compared the results from the different guidelines on a global scale. This study quantifies the HWP stock dynamics and corresponding carbon removals/emissions under each approach based on the default methods presented in each guideline for 235 individual countries/regions. Results We identified relatively good consistency in carbon stocks/removals between the stock-change and the atmospheric flow approaches at a global level. Under both approaches, the methodological and parameter updates in the 2019 Refinement (e.g., considered HWPs, starting year for carbon stocks, and conversion factors) resulted in one-third reduction in carbon removals compared to the 2006 Guidelines. The production approach leads to a systematic underestimation of global carbon stocks and removals because it confines accounting to products derived from domestic harvests and uses the share of domestic feedstock for accounting. The 2013 Guidance and the 2019 Refinement reduce the estimated global carbon removals under the production approach by 15% and 45% (2018), respectively, compared to the 2006 Guidelines. Conclusions Gradual refinements in the IPCC default methods have a considerably higher impact on global estimates of HWP carbon stocks and removals than the differences in accounting approaches. The methodological improvements in the 2019 Refinement halve the global HWP carbon removals estimated in the former version, the 2006 Guidelines.

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