scholarly journals Sarcopenia Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment Mainly Due to Slow Gait Speed: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment may share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways. We examined the association between impairments in specific cognitive domains and sarcopenia (and its defining components) in community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed 1887 patients who underwent cognitive function tests and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from the baseline data of adults aged 70–84 years obtained from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Those with disability in activities of daily living, dementia, severe cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, musculoskeletal complaints, neurological disorders, or who were illiterate were excluded. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet, the Frontal Assessment Battery. For sarcopenia, we used the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.6% for men and 7.6% for women. Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.99) and slow gait speed (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.34–4.99) were associated with cognitive impairment in men. Only slow gait speed (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.36) was associated with cognitive impairment in women. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed. Our results suggested that cognitive impairment domains, such as processing speed and executive function, are associated with sarcopenia-related slow gait speed.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia is Associated Cognitive Impairment Mainly Due to Slow Gait Speed: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Cognitive impairment and sarcopenia may share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways. This study was performed to examine the association between impairments in specific cognitive domains and sarcopenia (and its defining components) in a large group of community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on the baseline data of 3,014 adults aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). The final analysis included 1,887 adults underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and cognitive function assessments. Those with disability in activities of daily living, dementia, severe cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, musculoskeletal complaints, neurological disorders, or who were illiterate were excluded. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet, the Frontal Assessment Battery. For sarcopenia, we used the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.6% for men and 7.6% for women. Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.99) and slow gait speed (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.34–4.99) were associated with cognitive impairment in men. Only slow gait speed (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.36) was associated with cognitive impairment in women. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed. Our results suggested that cognitive impairment domains, such as processing speed and executive function, are associated with sarcopenia-related slow gait speed.

scholarly journals P0798ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND GENERAL COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: KOREAN FRAILTY AND AGING COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoon Kong ◽  
Jin Sug Kim ◽  
Min Hye Kang ◽  
Shin Yeong Kang ◽  
Ri Ra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Aims Cognitive impairment is common in older adults. Similarly, the prevalence of renal dysfunction is also increased in the elderly. We conducted this study to clarify the relationship between the renal function and cognitive impairment in community dwelling older adults in Korea. Method A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the data of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS), a nationwide cohort study that began in 2016. Of the 3014 participants assessed in the first and second year, 2847 participants (1333 men, 1514 women) who completed baseline assessments were enrolled. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Renal function of the participants was classified into four groups by eGFR quartile. General cognitive function was accessed with mini-mental state exam in the Korean version (MMSE-KC). Participants who had MMSE-KC score less than 1.5 standard deviation by age, gender, and education level were regarded as the cognitive impairment. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between renal function and cognitive impairment. In addition, we investigated to find the point of eGFR interval at which the odds ratio begins to increase. Results The mean eGFR in quartile 1 was 91.7 ± 3.22 ml/min/1.73m2, and 84.9 ± 1.81 in quartile 2, 76.1 ± 3.66 in quartile 3, and 57.2 ± 10.75 in quartile 4. In baseline characteristics, participants with lower eGFR had lower MMSE-KC scores. And the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 10.8% in quartile 1, 15.9% in quartile 2, 15.2% in quartile 3, 14.9% in quartile 4. After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment in quartile 2 [adjusted OR: 1.569, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.141 - 2.158, p = 0.006] compared with quartile 1. And the odd ratios of cognitive impairment were 1.539 (95% CI: 1.113 - 2.127, p = 0.009) in quartile 3, 1.475 (95% CI: 1.062 - 2.049, p = 0.020) in quartile 4 compared with quartile 1, respectively. Among the participants with eGFR above 60 ml/min/1.73m2, the renal function was grouped by 5 ml/min/1.73m2 interval. The risk of cognitive impairment started to increase from eGFR between 80 and 85 ml/min/1.73m2 (adjusted OR: 1.667, 95% CI: 1.128 - 2.463, p = 0.010). Conclusion Renal dysfunction was associated with lower global cognitive function in older adults. And the risk of cognitive impairment increased from quartile 2, especially, eGFR between 80 and 85 ml/min/1.73m2 in this population. These results suggest that mild decline of kidney function is also a risk factor of cognitive decline in the elderly.

scholarly journals Calf Circumference as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Min Jeong ◽  
Jinho Yoo ◽  
Da Song ◽  
Chang Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of this study was to examine calf circumference in relation to cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on the first-year baseline data of 1559 adults aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The final analysis included 1221 adults who were non-dependent in terms of instrumental activities of daily living, who underwent frailty and cognitive function assessments. Physical frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty Index. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score 1.5 standard deviations below the age-, sex- and education-matched norms on any of four cognitive-function tests. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 2.8% for men and 3.8% for women. After adjusting for potential confounders, in comparison to the “physically robust without cognitive impairment” group, the estimates of increased odds ratios (ORs) for low calf circumference (<32 cm) were much greater in the prefrail with cognitive impairment (OR 4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–10.61) and frail with cognitive impairment (OR 10.94, 95% CI: 2.87–41.68) groups in men but not in women. Low calf circumference was strongly related to cognitive frailty in men only, suggesting calf circumference can be used as an indicator of these outcomes.

scholarly journals Do Communication Patterns Affect the Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hearing Loss among Older Adults in Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Tran Dai Tri Han ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino ◽  
Vo Nu Hong Duc ◽  
Thang Van Vo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in central Vietnam and the roles of communication (with or without communication devices) in the association between cognitive impairment and hearing loss. This cross-sectional study was performed on 725 randomly selected community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Participants attended a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, social interaction with or without communication devices, health status and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination were reported. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the association between hearing loss and cognitive function by frequency of communication with and without devices. Mild and severe cognitive impairment had prevalence rates of 23.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among older adults with hearing-loss, vision loss and difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment was not significant when older adults had frequent communication with others using devices. This study presented the relatively high prevalence of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam. Frequent communication using devices attenuated the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Renal dysfunction is associated with decline of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: Korean frailty and aging cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yoon Kong ◽  
Jin Sug Kim ◽  
Min Hye Kang ◽  
Hyeon Seok Hwang ◽  
Chang Won Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Word List ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cognitive decline is common in older adults. Similarly, the prevalence of renal dysfunction is also increased in the elderly population. We conducted this study to clarify the relationship between renal dysfunction and decline of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, a nationwide cohort study. Total 2847 (1333 men, 1514 women) eligible participants were enrolled for this study. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination-Korean version. Other domains of cognitive function were tested with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Results The mean age of all participants was 76.0 ± 3.9 years and eGFR (all in mL/min/1.73 m2) was 77.5 ± 14.3. And the mean eGFR was 91.7 ± 3.2 in quartile 1, 84.9 ± 1.8 in quartile 2, 76.1 ± 3.7 in quartile 3, and 57.2 ± 10.8 in quartile 4. In baseline characteristics, participants with lower eGFR tend to have lower cognitive function scores than participant with higher eGFR. In linear regression analysis, eGFR was correlated with the word list memory (β = 0.53, P = 0.005), word list recall (β = 0.86, P < 0.001), and word list recognition (β = 0.43, P = 0.030) after adjustment of confounding variables. Moreover, after multivariate adjustment the association with cognitive impairment in quartile 2 was stronger (adjusted OR: 1.535, 95% CI: 1.111–2.120, P = 0.009), and the ORs of cognitive impairment were 1.501 (95% CI: 1.084–2.079, P = 0.014) in quartile 3 and 1.423 (95% CI: 1.022–1.983, P = 0.037) in quartile 4. Conclusion In older adults, the immediate, recent memory, and recognition domains were significantly related to renal function. Also, the mild renal dysfunction was independently associated with impairment of global cognitive function. These results suggest that the early stages of renal dysfunction could be an effective target to prevent worsening of cognitive impairment. Therefore, regular monitoring and early detection of mild renal dysfunction in elderly population might be needed.

scholarly journals The association of Lewy bodies with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes and their role in cognition and Alzheimer’s dementia in older persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Agrawal ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Sukriti Nag ◽  
Konstantinos Arfanakis ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Global Cognition

AbstractLewy bodies (LBs) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) are common in older persons and associated with cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relationship between LBs and LATE-NC and their combined roles in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia in community-dwelling participants. The study included 1670 community-based participants (mean age-at-death, 89.5 years (SD = 6.65); 69% females) who underwent annual assessments of cognition to create summary measures of global cognition and cognitive domains and evaluation for Alzheimer’s dementia. Systematic neuropathologic evaluations were performed to assess LBs, LATE-NC, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We excluded cases with pathologically confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration in this study. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used, adjusted for demographics and AD pathology. LBs were present in 428 (25.6%) decedents (29 nigra-predominant, 165 limbic-type, and 234 neocortical-type) while 865 (51.7%) decedents exhibited LATE-NC (307 stage 1, 167 stage 2, and 391 stage 3). LBs combined with LATE-NC were common (15% of all participants) and in those with Alzheimer’s dementia (25%). Neocortical-type, but not nigral-predominant or limbic-type LBs increased the odds of stage 2/3 LATE-NC (odds ratio = 1.70; 95% confidence interval = 1.26–2.30). The association between neocortical-type LBs and stage 2/3 LATE-NC was stronger in those under 90 years of age and in women. In analyses of cognition and Alzheimer’s dementia, LATE-NC and neocortical-type LBs, separately, were related to lower global cognition, five specific cognitive domains, and an increased odds of Alzheimer’s dementia, above and beyond the AD pathology. Limbic-type LBs were related to lower global cognition, and the domains of episodic, working, and semantic memory, and increased odds of Alzheimer’s dementia. Furthermore, there was no interaction between limbic/neocortical-type LBs and LATE-NC on cognitive function, cognitive domains, or Alzheimer’s dementia. These findings suggest that neocortical-type LBs are associated with LATE-NC, specifically in the younger old and in women. Limbic/neocortical-type LBs and LATE-NC have separate and additive effects on cognitive function and odds of Alzheimer’s dementia.

scholarly journals Identifying the lifetime cognitive and socioeconomic antecedents of cognitive state: seven decades of follow-up in a British birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Richards ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Alison Sizer ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Mark Rawle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Occupational Complexity

ObjectivesThe life course determinants of midlife and later life cognitive function have been studied using longitudinal population-based cohort data, but far less is known about whether the pattern of these pathways is similar or distinct for clinically relevant cognitive state. We investigated this for Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination third edition (ACE-III), used in clinical settings to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.DesignLongitudinal birth cohort study.SettingResidential addresses in England, Wales and Scotland.Participants1762 community-dwelling men and women of European heritage, enrolled since birth in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort).Primary outcomeACE-III.ResultsPath modelling estimated direct and indirect associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, father’s social class, childhood cognition, education, midlife occupational complexity, midlife verbal ability (National Adult Reading Test; NART), and the total ACE-III score. Controlling for sex, there was a direct negative association betweenAPOEε4 and the ACE-III score (β=−0.04 [–0.08 to –0.002], p=0.04), but not betweenAPOEε4 and childhood cognition (β=0.03 [–0.006 to 0.069], p=0.10) or the NART (β=0.0005 [–0.03 to 0.03], p=0.97). The strongest influences on the ACE-III were from childhood cognition (β=0.20 [0.14 to 0.26], p<0.001) and the NART (β=0.35 [0.29 to 0.41], p<0.001); educational attainment and occupational complexity were modestly and independently associated with the ACE-III (β=0.08 [0.03 to 0.14], p=0.002 and β=0.05 [0.01 to 0.10], p=0.02, respectively).ConclusionsThe ACE-III in the general population shows a pattern of life course antecedents that is similar to neuropsychological measures of cognitive function, and may be used to represent normal cognitive ageing as well as a screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.

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