A Cross-Sectional Study of the Satisfaction with, Adherence to, and Perspectives toward COVID-19 Preventive Measures among Public Health Students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on education systems, educational environments, teachers, and students. This study aims to assess the satisfaction with, adherence to, and perspectives toward COVID-19 preventive measures among public health students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia in order to enhance their campus experience. This study utilized a cross-sectional methodology. Data were collected using convenience sampling between 2–19 November 2020; this was accomplished using an online survey administered via Google Forms. The final sample consisted of 200 participants. More than half of the participants (55.0%) were dissatisfied with the preventive measures that had been applied on campus, while 19.0% had a neutral outlook. Interestingly, female participants showed a higher level of dissatisfaction toward the preventive measures (70.6%) than male participants (43.5%). The ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction with the COVID-19 preventive measures and the participant’s gender and education level. Male students were more likely to be satisfied with the preventive measures (p < 0.029, OR = 2.199) than female students. In addition, final year students were 4.1 times more likely to be satisfied with the COVID-19 preventive measures (p < 0.004, OR = 0.242) than Year 2 students, and 6.2 times more likely to be satisfied (p ≤ 0.001, OR = 0.162) than Year 3 students. Efforts are needed to improve the students’ satisfaction with COVID-19 preventive measures. Steps are also required to ensure that the procedures and actions introduced by the college extend to all students. In addition, further research is needed to recognize and understand the participants’ experiences after moving to the new buildings, receiving COVID-19 vaccines, and returning to on campus study.

Effect of stroke etiology on endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous alteplase: a subgroup analysis of DIRECT-MT

BackgroundStroke etiology might influence the clinical outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) with or without thrombolysis.ObjectiveTo examine whether stroke etiology resulted in different efficacy and safety in patients treated with EVT-alone or EVT preceded by intravenous alteplase (combined therapy).MethodsWe assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment strategy based on prespecified stroke etiology, cardioembolism (CE), large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and undetermined cause (UC) for patients enrolled in the DIRECT-MT trial. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted common OR for a shift of better mRS score for EVT-alone versus combined therapy. A term was entered to test for interaction.ResultsIn this study, 656 patients were grouped into three prespecified stroke etiologic subgroups. The adjusted common ORs for improvement in the 90-day ordinal mRS score with EVT-alone were 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.8) for CE, 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.3) for LAA, and 0.8 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.3) for UC. Compared with CE, EVT-alone was more likely to result in an mRS score of 0–1 (pinteraction=0.047) and extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b (pinteraction=0.041) in the LAA group. The differences in mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 90 days were not significant between the subgroups (p＞0.05).ConclusionsThe results did not support the hypothesis that a specific treatment strategy based on stroke etiology should be used for patients with large vessel occlusion (NCT03469206).

Do households with home security systems at home have a lower perceived probability of victimization?

Using the dataset of the first nationwide victimization survey in Azerbaijan, the current paper analyzed whether home security systems have a relationship with the perceived probability of property crime victimization. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was employed. The first set of results examining the distribution of security systems identified that despite the impact of certain demographics correlates, perceived risk is not a significant correlate of possession or absence of security systems. The presence of security measures at home was associated with a higher perceived probability of victimization level for acquisitive crimes. This study shows the importance of incorporating home security level as an independent variable. The choice of home as a unit of analysis when studying fear of victimization allowed us to ascertain not only the impact of home security systems on perceived victimization risks, but also to find out whether it is dwelling, demographic or neighborhood features that matter more in affecting sense of safety. The key findings of the study are that a) the level of home security systems is positively correlated with PPV, irrespective of individual-level characteristics, and b) perceived risk is not a statistically significant factor when it comes to a decision to purchase security systems.

Analysis of distribution risk in Arabica coffee supply chain during pandemic in Aceh Tengah District

Coffee is a plantation commodity that has the opportunity to be developed so as to increase state income. This study aims to determine how the risk of distribution in the Arabica coffee supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the most influential risk in the distribution of the Arabica coffee supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic in Aceh Tengah District. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. This study uses descriptive analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the distribution risk of the Arabica coffee supply chain at the farm level is classified as high risk with a percentage of 87.2%, the distribution risk of the Arabica coffee supply chain at the collector level is in the medium category risk with a percentage of 45.5% and distribution risk Cooperatives began to occur due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From the interpretation results, it is stated that the risk of distribution risk in the Arabica coffee supply chain is the riskiest risk of loss of 0.069 times, then the variable risk of goods being exchanged is 0.036 times and the variable risk of delay is 0.004 times.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SATISFACTION OF BANGLADESHI MEDICAL TOURISTS

Medical tourism is a promising industry which is growing day by day. Researching on medical tourism is getting popularity in tourism literature. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that have effects on medical tourist satisfaction towards medical tourism and also measure the satisfaction level. Thus, non-probability sampling method, especially convenience and snowball sampling technique were used to collect data from the respondents. Statistical analysis like factor analysis, descriptive analysis, and ordinal logistic regression analysis has been used to analyze the data collected through questionnaire. The statistical outcome indicates that doctors’ and nurses’ service quality, treatment facilities, cost of medical care, environment of hospital, tourism facilities, availability of doctors and staffs were found to have an impact on the patients’ satisfaction ratings. Patient demographic characteristics such as sex of the patients, age, and income had insignificant associations with satisfaction.

Frequency and Risk Indicators of Periodontal Diseases in a Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed at determining frequency and risk indicators/predictors of periodontitis in a sample of Egyptian adult population and to develop a prediction equation for classifying periodontal diseases. Seven hundred and fifty subjects were consecutively recruited from outpatient Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Validated oral health questionnaire for adults and oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire were filled by all patients. Diagnosis was made based on measurements of clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession. Radiographic examination was performed using digital periapical radiographs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification. Gingivitis was the most frequent periodontal disease (39.6%) followed by periodontitis stage I (38%), stage II (20.4%), stage III (1.6%) and stage IV (0.4%). The lowest OHIP-14 scores were in patients with periodontitis stages III and IV. Multivariate analysis showed that education (p < 0.001), OHIP-14 score (p = 0.003), non-smoking (p = 0.001) and non-alcohol drinking (p = 0.021) were significant negative predictors, while never to clean the teeth (p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors of periodontal disease. Periodontitis stages III and IV were the least frequent on a sample of Egyptian adult patients. Education, frequency of teeth cleaning, smoking, alcohol drinking and OHIP-14 scores were significant predictors of periodontal disease. Through discriminant analysis this study could classify patients into different periodontal diseases with an overall correct prediction of 99.2%.

Pulmonary Vein Isolation Outcome Degree Is a New Score for Efficacy of Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation

This study introduces the pulmonary vein isolation outcome degree (PVIOD) as a new semiquantitative measure for the efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation and reports the determination of predictors associated with PVIOD. The median follow-up periods of 117 patients after the first and last ablation were, respectively, 82 (IQR 15) and 72 (IQR 30) months. PVIOD 1 included 32.5% of patients, those with successful single pulmonary vein isolation (PVI); PVIOD 2 included 29.1% of subjects, those with success after multiple procedures; PVIOD 3 comprised 14.5% of patients, those with clinical success; and PVIOD 4 included 23.9% of cases, those with procedural and clinical failure. In the multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, PVIOD 1–4 were independently associated with longstanding persistent AF with paroxysmal AF as the referent category (odds ratio (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1–10.7 (p = 0.031)), left atrial (LA) diameter (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3 (p = 0.001)) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86–1.0 (p = 0.038)). LA size > 41 mm, LVEF ≤ 50% and longstanding persistent AF are strong predictors of AF recurrence. PVIOD 1–4 offer the most exact long-term prognosis of PVI. The purpose of the present article is to expand the quantitative measure of procedural success in the medical and biological fields.

Factors Influencing Depression among Indonesians during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Background: The 2019 Coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) has gained intense attention globally, including in Indonesia. The rapid transmission and clinical effects of the virus can cause depression in Indonesian society. However, information on risk factors for depression during COVID-19 in this country is not known. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the level of depression and identify factors influencing depression in Indonesian society during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Indonesian society aged ≥12 years old in April 2020. A total of 1,622 participants from 34 provinces in Indonesia were involved in this study and completed the online questionnaires on demographics, social media exposure, self-rated health, and depression levels with the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with depression levels.Results: Of the total sample analyzed, the overall prevalence of depression levels was 28.5% mild depression, 18.4% moderate depression, and 24.8% severe depression. Social media exposure (SME), age, gender, occupation, and self-rated health (SRH) were significantly influencing depression (p<0.05). The factor that most influenced the level of depression was self-rated health (p=0.0001; OR=2.72).Conclusion: This study highlights depression in Indonesian society during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an understanding of the effects of demographics, social media exposure, and self-rated health. The study suggests the importance of implementing a multi-disciplinary approach (e.g., a collaboration between mental health nursing and community nursing) to deal with depression.

Social Isolation, Caregiving Alone, and Caregiving Stress in Family Caregivers of Older Adults in Korea

The tendency of caregiving alone is increasing, and these solo caregivers often perceive caregiving responsibilities as a burden. Still, literature on positive aspects of caregiving shows that not all caregivers experience severe distress. Little is known on which factors make a difference in experiencing caregiving distress among solo caregivers. We focused on the empirical findings on the negative impact of social isolation on caregiver’s mental health, examining if and how the intersection of solo caregiving and social isolation is related to severe caregiving stress among caregivers of older adults in Korea. We analyzed 501 family caregivers of older adults in Korea using survey data from the Care Work and the Economy research project (2018). We conducted ordinal logistic regression analysis. The findings show that solo caregivers with a lack of social time fall under the most at-risk group of caregivers in terms of experiencing severe stress (OR=3.72, SE=0.93) whereas solo caregivers with enough social time did not show significantly higher stress compared to the reference group (OR=1.50, SE=0.43). Being socially isolated caregivers still had high levels of stress despite the division of care (OR=2.16, SE=0.55), implying the need to provide caregivers more time for social interaction with others. The current public long-term care insurance in Korea provides limited hours of in-home care aide services to enable aging in place of older adults. To reduce the social isolation of caregivers, it is necessary to extend the service hours and provide support, such as creating online caregiver networks.