scholarly journals Geographical Detection of Traffic Accidents Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity and Influence Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuan Zhang ◽  
Huapu Lu ◽  
Wencong Qu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Blood Alcohol

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of stratification heterogeneity in traffic accidents in Shenzhen, what factors influence the casualties, and the interaction of those factors. Geographical detection methods are used for the analysis of traffic accidents in Shenzhen. Results show that spatial stratification heterogeneity does exist, and the influencing factors of fatalities and injuries are different. The traffic accident causes and types of primary responsible party have a strong impact on fatalities and injuries, followed by zones and time interval. However, road factors, lighting, topography, etc., only have a certain impact on fatalities. Drunk driving, speeding over 50%, and overloading are more likely to cause more casualties than other illegal behaviors. Speeding over 50% and speeding below 50% have significant different influences on fatalities, while the influences on injuries are not obvious, and so do drunk driving (Blood Alcohol Concentration ≥ 0.08) and driving under the influence of alcohol (0.08 > Blood Alcohol Concentration ≥ 0.02). Both pedestrians and cyclists violating the traffic law are vulnerable to fatality. Heavy truck overloading is more likely to cause major traffic accidents than minibuses. More importantly, there are nonlinear enhanced interactions between the influencing factors, the combination of previous non-significant factors and other factors can have a significant impact on the traffic accident casualties. The findings could be helpful for making differentiated prevention and control measures for traffic accidents in Shenzhen and the method selection of subsequent research.

4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Jones
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Driving Scenario

This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

Remarks on patients with traumatic brain injury due to traffic accident related to alcohol comsumption treated in Vietduc hospital after implementing the decree 100

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Chinh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Risk Of Death

Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of victims by traffic accident. Despite a fact that many measurements and preventions have been applied, the rate of TBI is remained high. Aim of this study was to investigate treatment process of TBI caused by road traffic accident at Viet Duc Hospital after the Decree 100 which has been issued in Vietnam in early 2020. Materials and method: A retrospective and prospective study has been conducted in Viet Duc Hospital from Dec, 2020 to March, 2021. All the patients with TBI by road traffic accident were enrolled. Severity of TBI was identified by Glasgow Scale (GCS) and BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) test taken on arrival. The data was collected from medical record as well as autopsy report and analysed by SPSS.20.0 Results: A total of 150 patients with TBI by road traffic accidents were enrolled, age group from 21 to 60 years old accounted for 64%, male accounted for 86.7%. Associated injuries were maxillofacial lesions 48%, extremities 24.7%, chest accounted for 20%. Severity of TBI with GCS 6 - 8 was the highest rate 52%, from 3 - 5 GCS accounted for 30%. 40% were operated on emergency; BAC was positive 46.7%, of which over from 50 mg/L accounted for 32.6%. The patients with GCS from 6 to 8 were BAC positive accounted for a higher rate than groups with GCS above 9 or below 5. The most common TBI lesions were subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and cerebral edema accounted for 67.3%, 60% and 58% respectively. Overall mortality was 26% including in-hospital death and discharged to die. Conclusions and recommendations: Data from the study has shown that many young men with severe TBI by road traffic accident were BAC positive which can results in the high risk of death and disability. Thus, we highly recommend counterparts should constantly strengthen the propaganda and enforcement measures in order to reduce traffic accidents and TBI patients. Keywords: traffic accidents; injury; brain trauma severity.

scholarly journals Blood alcohol concentration impact on the traffic accident rates with fatal outcome

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Rancic Nemanja ◽  
Jovanovic Mirjana ◽  
Lazic Dusica ◽  
Jakovljevic Mihajlo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Accident Rates

Alcohol Problems and Blood Alcohol Concentration among Swedish Drivers Suspected of Driving under the Influence

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bergman ◽  
Beata Hubicka ◽  
Hans Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Audit Information ◽  
Large Representative

The purpose of the study was to map alcohol problems in relation to blood alcohol concentration in a large representative sample of male and female Swedish drivers suspected of drunk driving. Twenty-one hundred suspected DUI offenders (drivers suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol) were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Information from the police regarding BAC, age, gender, and place and time of the stop was also collected. More than half (58%) of the suspected DUI offenders had alcohol problems, and among these 24% had high levels of alcohol problems. Of specific interest was the observation that almost half (46%) of the suspects with a BAC below the Swedish legal limit of 0.02% had alcohol problems, a prevalence that did not increase until a BAC of 0.10%–0.15%. It can be concluded that the mere suspicion of drunk driving indicates alcohol problems.

scholarly journals Victim of violent death: what is the role of alcoholemia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 048-052
Author(s):  
Miziara Ivan Dieb ◽  
Carmen Miziara Silvia Molleis Galego
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Blood Alcohol

Introduction: The tendency to impulsive behaviors and/or violence is exacerbated after alcohol consumption. Still, the relation between alcohol/violent deaths reported in the literature is not accurate, and in general, alcohol is only seen as a trigger to aggressive actions. The relationship of the victims with their blood alcohol is less studied. They were especially concerned about the role of alcohol as a risk factor for victims of unnatural death. Thus, our goal is to check the influence of alcohol in victims of violent deaths as homicides, suicides, and accidents. Materials and methods: Retrospectively the medical records of 805 autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML) of Franco da Rocha, in the period 2001 to 2017 were reviewed. The variables studied were sex, age, types of violent death rates, and alcohol - these were considered positive when above 0.3 mg/ml. The dosage of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was performed using samples of 10 ml of blood collected at necropsy, is preferably taken from the cardiac chambers or of the right femoral vein. Dosages of alcohol in blood samples were done in the Forensic Toxicology Center of the IML by gas chromatography, using the technique of separation “headspace” and double column. Results: Drug testing for alcohol was available for 488 (79.1%) of 617 necropsies. Of the 617 subjects studied, 532 (85.7%) were male, and 85 (13.8%) were females (with high rates of adolescents). The vast majority (n = 230) were killed, and 40.5% of victims had BAC above 0.3 mg/ml of blood. Traffic accidents came next, accounting for 181 deaths, with 41% of victims presenting positive BAC. Discussion: High blood alcohol levels of the victims were associated mainly with the genesis of accidents (drowning, falls, traffic, aspiration/ smothering) and murder (with impaired ability to resist or by causing the release of impulses to engage in violent situations), about 40% of cases. Conclusion: Our results indicate that alcohol abuse is a risk factor for victims of violent death. In these cases, alcohol has two types of action. Direct: contributes to accidents of various kinds - from traffic by decreasing powers of concentration, attention, and loss of reflexes, to other types of accidents such as drowning, falls, swallowing disorders causing airway obstruction, and mechanical asphyxia. And they were indirect, making it easier for individuals to engage in conflict (and thus become victims of crimes).

scholarly journals Development of alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ighalo Joshua ◽  
Uzairue Stanley ◽  
Ochonogor Charles ◽  
Amaize Peter ◽  
Kennedy Okokpujie
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Sensor ◽  
Ability To Drive

Drunk driving is a very dangerous behavior caused as a result of excessive consumption of alcohol therefore causing distortion in the thought pattern of its victims with a large percentage being drivers of vehicles of all forms. Most of the traffic accidents recorded in recent years are related to drunk driving. Solutions have been proposed, devices developed, all to the sole aim which is to reduce traffic accidents due to drunk driving but none has been quite cable of impairing the driver’s ability to drive. To this end, we model and design an alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system. This project’s ability to impair the driver’s ability to drive makes it stand out from previous methods or devices developed to reduce road accidents due to drunk driving. The entire system is based on a microcontroller that is used to set an alcohol limit/ threshold which when reached or crossed upon sensing of alcohol in the air by the alcohol sensor, would trigger the buzzer alarm and warning LED of the circuit to alert the driver that his/her blood alcohol concentration at that moment in time wouldn’t be safe for driving. At this point the system automatically locks the ignition system of the vehicle within which it is embedded while an LCD displays information for the driver’s visuals incase the driver’s sight isn’t also impaired while in the drunk state. This project is a prototype to what is proposed with the vehicle’s engine system represented with a DC motor and its ignition system represented with a push button. The overall work was implemented with a constructed work, tested working and perfectly functional.

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