scholarly journals P300 Measures and Drive-Related Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5266
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Yamei Zhang ◽  
Mingyi Zhang ◽  
Qun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Effective Prevention

Detecting signs for an increased level of risk during driving are critical for the effective prevention of road traffic accidents. The current study searched for literature through major databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, IEEE, and ScienceDirect. A total of 14 articles that measured P300 components in relation to driving tasks were included for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk factors investigated in the reviewed articles were summarized in five categories, including reduced attention, distraction, alcohol, challenging situations on the road, and negative emotion. A meta-analysis was conducted at both behavioral and neural levels. Behavioral performance was measured by the reaction time and driving performance, while the neural response was measured by P300 amplitude and latency. A significant increase in reaction time was identified when drivers were exposed to the risk factors. In addition, the significant effects of a reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged P300 latency indicated a reduced capacity for cognitive information processing. There was a tendency of driving performance decrement in relation to the risk factors, however, the effect was non-significant due to considerable variations and heterogeneity across the included studies. The results led to the conclusion that the P300 amplitude and latency are reliable indicators and predictors of the increased risk in driving. Future applications of the P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) system may make considerable contributions toward preventing road traffic accidents.

244 Traumatic Brain Injury Related Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
M Kawka ◽  
K Marks ◽  
G Richards ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Aim Three million cases of paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) occur annually, the majority of which occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of pTBI available. We aimed to systematically review and synthesise the reported morbidity and mortality from pTBI in the published literature about LMICs. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles from January 2000 to May 2020. Observational or experimental studies on pTBI (individuals between the ages of 0 to 16 years) in LMICs were included. Morbidity data were descriptively analysed, and a random-effects model was used to pool mortality rates. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171276. Results We included 145 studies from 38 countries representing 174073 patients with pTBI. Males were twice (95% CI: 1.6 – 2.4) as likely to have a pTBI than females. Where available, mild TBI represented ≥ 60% of all pTBI cases in most reports (n = 24/43, 56%). The commonest cited cause of pTBI was road traffic accidents (n = 16643/43083, 39%), followed by falls (n = 10927/43083, 25%). 4385 patients (n = 4385/18092, 24%) had a reduction from normal function on discharge. On average, there were 6.7 deaths per 100 cases of pTBI. Conclusions Only 38 LMICs have published data on the volume and burden of pTBI in their country. Limited data available suggests that young male children are at a high-risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly from road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents and Injuries in Nigeria: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Osobuchi Ngene ◽  
Olatoun Adefunke Adeola ◽  
Chi-kadibia T Ukoma ◽  
Augustine Nwakuche Duru ◽  
Kayode Olaoluwa Olaniyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number

Abstract Background: About 1.35 million people die annually worldwide due to road traffic accidents. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. About 93% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-and middle-income countries, even though these countries have approximately 60% of the world's vehicles. Road Traffic Accidents constitute the third leading cause of trauma related deaths in Nigeria. It is a substantial public health problem that deserves a systematic review.Methods and Analysis: We developed a search strategy using MeSH, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched, including PubMed, African Journal Online, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and ResearchGate. Only observational studies, retrievable in the English language will be included. The primary outcome is prevalence of road traffic injuries in Nigeria. The secondary outcomes include proportion of road traffic accidents in Nigeria, patterns, predictors and consequences of road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Identified studies will be screened and selected based on inclusion criteria using Rayyan QCRI screening tool, by independent reviewers with dual blinding. Data items will be extracted into predefined forms in Microsoft Excel before exporting to CMA version 3 for analysis. Every selected study will have their NIH quality scores and Cochrane risk of bias reported. Studies will be assessed for methodological and statistical heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed using Funnel Plots and test of asymmetry. Results will include forest plots, pooled prevalence with standard error, variance, relative weights assigned to studies and heterogeneity test. Further analysis will include subgroup analysis and meta-regression using both categorical and quantitative variables.Discussion: This protocol will enable a transparent, accurate and reliable method for determining pooled prevalence, standard error and 95% CI of road traffic injuries in Nigeria. Patterns and outcomes of RTA in Nigeria will also be assessed. Evidence generated by this protocol will likely inform policy on prevention of RTA in NigeriaTrial Registration Number: This protocol is registered with PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42021226956.

scholarly journals Use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru: Prevalence and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Miñan-Tapia ◽  
Gloria S. Torres-Riveros ◽  
José Choque-Vargas ◽  
Madeleyni Aycachi-Incacoña ◽  
Neil Flores-Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Intervention Measures

AbstractIntroductionThere are individuals who still refuse to wear seat belts, despite its effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality in road traffic accidents. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors according to the use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru.MethodologyThis analytical transversal study was carried out among public transport drivers (buses and taxis) in a Peruvian city. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the general and occupational characteristics and the use of seat belts (observed). Descriptive statistics and risk factors were obtained, these latter through generalized linear models.ResultsOf the 460 drivers, 77% used their seat belts, with a difference in use depending on the type of public transport (p<0.001). In the multivariate model, the risk of not using the belt was associated with the following: older age (p<0.001), having complete studies (p<0.001), a higher level/category of driving license (3 categories had p<0.001), having a higher number of previous road traffic accidents (p=0.011), and received medical attention in that accident (p<0.001), those who reported using a cell phone while driving (p=0.005), if the co-driver’s belt had 3 anchorage points (p<0.001), and working for > 5 hours that day (p=0.002). However, male drivers and those who had their belt with 3 anchorage points had greater use (both p<0.001).ConclusionsOne in five drivers did not use a seat belt, and important characteristics of those who did not comply with this traffic law were evaluated to generate control and intervention measures.

Risk factors for fatal road traffic accidents in Udine, Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Flavio Schiava ◽  
Cecilia Savonitto ◽  
Tolinda Gallo ◽  
Silvio Brusaferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN THE CITY OF PALU, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Adhar Arifuddin ◽  
Muhammad Ryman Napirah ◽  
Nur Asfin H.S
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Driving License ◽  
Background Traffic ◽  
The City

Background: Traffic accidents are unpredictable events when they occurred. Thus, understanding the risk factors in road traffic injuries is needed.Objective: This study aims to analyze the risk factors in road traffic accidents in the city of Palu.Methods: This was an observational analytic study using case-control approach with sample of 182 respondents consisting of 91 cases and 91 controls. Purposive sampling was used based on a certain considerations made by the researchers themselves. Data were tested with Odds Ratio and analyzed by univariate and bivariate with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The results showed that the scatterbrained factor (OR = 3.180 95% CI 1.669 to 6.059), undisciplined behavior (OR = 11.990 at 95% CI 5.956 to 24.138), exceeding speed limit (OR = 4.230 95% CI 2.204 to 8.118 ), and no driving license (OR = 10.455 at 95% CI 5.274 to 20.722).Conclusion: This study concludes that the scatterbrained factor, undisciplined behavior, exceeding the speed limit, and no driving license are the risk factors for road traffic accidents in the city of Palu. It is recommended that all parties to cooperate with the good for the sake of safety and driving safety as well as prevention of road traffic accidents.  

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