scholarly journals The Carbon Footprint of Valencia Port: A Case Study of the Port Authority of Valencia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8157
Author(s):  
Víctor Cloquell Ballester ◽  
Vanesa G. Lo-Iacono-Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Ángel Artacho-Ramírez ◽  
Salvador F. Capuz-Rizo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Port Authority ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Demographic Challenge ◽  
Ecological Transition

Maritime transport is responsible for 13% of the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions of the transport sector. Port authorities, terminals, shipping companies, and other stakeholders have joined efforts to improve this sector’s environmental performance. In Spain, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge has developed a methodology to assess the carbon footprint. This methodology has been adapted to ports and applied to processes under the Port Authority of Valencia’s umbrella achieving scopes 1, 2, and 3. The results highlight that ship traffic, within the port, of containers and cruises (categorized in scope 3) had a major impact on the carbon footprint. Buildings lighting managed by the terminals has a significant effect on scope 2. Diesel consumption shares with gasoline consumption the primary representation in scope 1. The carbon footprint between 2008 and 2016 was maintained, although traffic in the port increased by 24% during this period. The results show a decrease of 17% when emissions are compared using the base year’s emissions factors to avoid external factors. Future projects that include self-consumption or renewable energy policies seem to be the next step in a port that shows good results but still has room for improvement in activities of scope 3.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Estimation in Road Construction: La Abundancia–Florencia Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela Espinoza ◽  
Noelia Campos ◽  
Rebekah Yang ◽  
Hasan Ozer ◽  
José P. Aguiar-Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

The environmental impact of road construction and rehabilitation can be associated with the increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are highly related to climate change. Consequently, departments of transportation have recently focused on the development and implementation of tools to evaluate the performance of projects and minimize GHG emissions. An example is the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) to analyze and quantify the environmental impact of a product, system, or process, from cradle to grave. In this regard, the present case study quantifies the carbon footprint associated with the construction of the La Abundancia–Florencia highway, located in the province of San Carlos in Costa Rica. The analysis is also intended to generate consciousness both in the public and private sectors on the environmental impacts of road construction. After an LCA study, it was determined that the construction of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) layer generates a carbon footprint of 65.8 kg of CO2e per km of road. In addition, it was evident that HMA production generates the greatest environmental impact, among all the considered LCA production and construction stages, with a GHG contribution of 38% to 39% from bitumen only. Consequently, special attention to HMA production is required in order to minimize GHG emissions.

E-Government System Design and Port Authorities

2013 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Jim Prentzas ◽  
Gregory Derekenaris ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Port Authority ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Key Aspects

Port authorities constitute very active organizations that frequently interact with citizens as well as public and private organizations. The employees and administration of port authorities require effective e-government services in order to implement their tasks. The required services should provide effective information flow and collaboration to improve decision making, governance, and integration of all sectors. In this chapter, the authors briefly outline issues concerning the usefulness of intranets in organizations and corresponding services provided to organization employees. They briefly present key aspects of certain recent approaches concerning e-governance and intranets in ports. The authors also present a case study involving the e-government services implemented for Patras’s Port Authority in Greece. The specific port authority has a lot of workload because the corresponding port is the third largest in Greece and a main gate to countries abroad. The case study combined Internet-based technologies with e-learning technologies. E-learning services assist employees in acquainting themselves with newly introduced e-government services. Therefore, e-learning may contribute in the successful realization of e-government projects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Product Carbon Footprint Protocols: Case Study on Medium-Density Fiberboard in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Weifeng Wang ◽  
Hongqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Pas 2050

Carbon footprint (CF) analysis is widely used to quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a product during its life cycle. A number of protocols, such as Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050, GHG Protocol Product Standard (GHG Protocol), and ISO 14067 Carbon Footprint of Products (ISO 14067), have been developed for CF calculations. This study aims to compare the criteria and implications of the three protocols. The medium-density fiberboard (MDF) (functional unit: 1 m3) has been selected as a case study to illustrate this comparison. Different criteria, such as the life cycle stage included, cut-off criteria, biogenic carbon treatment, and other requirements, were discussed. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for MDF was conducted. The CF values were −667.75, −658.42, and 816.92 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) with PAS 2050, GHG protocol, and ISO 14067, respectively. The main reasons for the different results obtained were the application of different cut-off criteria, exclusion rules, and the treatment of carbon storage. A cradle-to-grave assessment (end-of-life scenarios: landfill and incineration) was also performed to identify opportunities for improving MDF production. A sensitivity analysis to assess the implications of different end-of-life disposals was conducted, indicating that landfill may be preferable from a GHG standpoint. The comparison of these three protocols provides insights for adopting appropriate methods to calculate GHG emissions for the MDF industry. A key finding is that for both LCA practitioners and policy-makers, PAS 2050 is preferentially recommended to assess the CF of MDF.

scholarly journals Standardized Recipes and Their Influence on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Mixed Dishes: A Case Study on Pizza

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9466
Author(s):  
Katerina S. Stylianou ◽  
Emily McDonald ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni III ◽  
Olivier Jolliet
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
The U.S

Food and diet life cycle assessment (LCA) studies offer insights on the environmental performance and improvement potential of food systems and dietary patterns. However, the influence of ingredient resolution in food-LCAs is often overlooked. To address this, four distinct decomposition methods were used to determine ingredients for mixed dishes and characterize their environmental impacts, using the carbon footprint of the U.S. daily pizza intake as a case study. Pizza-specific and daily pizza intake carbon footprints varied substantially between decomposition methods. The carbon footprint for vegetarian pizza was 0.18–0.45 kg CO2eq/serving, for meat pizza was 0.56–0.73 kg CO2eq/serving, and for currently consumed pizzas in the U.S. (26.3 g/person/day; 75 pizzas types) was 0.072–0.098 kg CO2eq/person/day. These ranges could be explained by differences in pizza coverage, ingredient resolution, availability of ingredient environmental information, and ingredient adjustability for losses between decomposition methods. From the approaches considered, the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, which reports standardized food recipes in relative weights, appears to offer the most appropriate and useful food decompositions for food-LCAs. The influence and limitations of sources of reference flows should be better evaluated and acknowledged in food and diet LCAs.

scholarly journals Reducing the Carbon Footprint at an Electric Utility Company

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Process Maps ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Economic Forces

The purpose of this thesis is the development of options for the reduction of the carbon footprint at an electric utility company. A case study details a systematic approach to reduce corporate greenhouse gas emissions over the next decade. The study focuses on providing three principle outputs: 1) process maps whereby the company may systematically identify its current carbon footprint, 2) scenario analyses to project its future carbon emissions over a ten year period and, 3) recommended actions to reduce GHG emissions over the next decade. A number of recommendations for emission reductions are made. The findings suggest that the degree to which an organization addresses its GHG emissions is substantially influenced by organization-specific social, regulatory, technological and economic forces. The case study reveals that by perceiving corporate carbon management as a periphery objective, organizations limit their ability to reduce GHG emissions and to improve their corporate performance.

Environmental Performance Evaluation Based on Water Footprint and Carbon Footprint - A Case Study on Polyester Flannel Fabric Dyeing and Printing

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Li Zhu Chen ◽  
Lu Lu Xu ◽  
Xue Mei Ding
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Textile Printing ◽  
Environmental Performance Evaluation

In order to mitigate water scarcity and pollution as well as climate change, China government acted several environmental action plans on the industrial production in recent five years. Textile printing and dyeing enterprises are the main governance object and they carried out a series of energy/water conversation and emission/pollution reduction projects and measures. In order to evaluate the environmental performance of the projects, we compared Water footprint and Carbon footprint of unit Polyester Flannel dyeing and printing fabric in an enterprise (which conducted the environmental project from 2012 to 2013) respectively in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The results show that both Water footprint and Carbon footprint decreased significantly after the environmental project.

scholarly journals Identifying the Main Opportunities and Challenges from the Implementation of a Port Energy Management System: A SWOT/PESTLE Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Kevin Cullinane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has already implemented several measures for energy efficiency for the reduction of its GHG emissions, including both vessels and ports. This paper focuses on the prospects and challenges facing the development of a port energy management system. It analyzes the main factors which exert an impact on such a plan and that need to be taken into account for its successful implementation. A SWOT/PESTLE analysis is utilized for the identification of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that have a positive or negative effect on the adoption and successful implementation of a port energy management system. This analysis is based on empirical data from two leading North-European port authorities. Given the fact that ports are currently focusing on the reduction of their energy consumption, this paper’s results have particular significance in that they could enlighten and inform the adoption of a port energy management plan within ports.

The Role of Higher Education Institutions Regarding Climate Change: The Case of Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral and its Carbon Footprint in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Criollo ◽  
Angel D. Ramirez ◽  
Daniel A. Salas ◽  
Rafael Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The University

Abstract A case study of a university campus in a tropical area has been analyzed. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), one of the leading public polytechnic higher education institutions in Ecuador, is located in Guayaquil in the Guayas province. ESPOL has around 12300 students and 1740 faculty members and administrative staff. The climatic conditions are defined as dry tropical forest and have two main seasons, one with rain and high humidity and one that is dry. Average day temperature is 28°C. Air conditioning is required throughout the whole year. The carbon footprint (CF) has been calculated for the university campus as prescribed by the ISO 14064 International Standard for greenhouse gases (GHG) Emission and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and World Resources Institute (WRI). Results indicate that the major contributor to the CF of the ESPOL campus is electricity generation off–campus with 66%. The CF per student is 0.406 tons CO2e which in comparison with information of other higher education institutions (HEIs) campuses is low. This is mostly associated with the CF of the electricity generated in Ecuador which is above 80% renewable. Additionally, a comparison of HEI cases based on their CF has been done. Further mitigation of GHG emissions is possible by energy efficiency measures at the building and transportation level.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Reduction through Residential Building Stock Retrofit: A Metro Melbourne Suburb Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6550
Author(s):  
Seongwon Seo ◽  
Greg Foliente
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Building Stock

Since existing residential buildings are a significant global contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, any serious effort to reduce the actual energy and carbon emissions of the building sector should explicitly address the carbon mitigation challenges and opportunities in the building stock. This research investigates environmentally and economically sustainable retrofit methods to reduce the carbon footprint of existing residential buildings in the City of Greater Dandenong as a case study in Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. By categorizing energy use into various building age brackets and dwelling types that align with changes in energy regulations, we identified various retrofit prototypes to achieve a targeted 6.5-star and 8-star energy efficiency rating (out of a maximum 10-star rating system). The corresponding operational energy savings through different retrofit options are examined while also considering the quantity of materials required for each option, along with their embodied energy and GHG emissions, thus allowing a more comprehensive lifecycle carbon analysis and exploration of their financial and environmental payback times. Results show that when buildings are upgraded with a combination of insulation and double-glazed windows, the environmental benefits rise faster than the financial benefits over a dwelling’s lifecycle. The size or percentage of a particular dwelling type within the building stock and the remaining lifecycle period are found to be the most important factors influencing the payback periods. Retrofitting the older single detached dwellings shows the greatest potential for lifecycle energy and carbon savings in the case suburb. These findings provide households, industry and governments some guidance on how to contribute most effectively to reduce the carbon footprint of the residential building sector.

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