scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children’s Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Heba J. Sabbagh ◽  
Ghadeer Sharton ◽  
Jumana Almaghrabi ◽  
Manal Al-Malik ◽  
Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to behavioral problems, but no study has assessed its relationship with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study’s goal is to assess the relation between ETS and both behavioral problems and dental anxiety among children. Methods: The study sample was collected from two centres in Jeddah from October 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria included healthy 5–16-year-old children having their first dental visit with no emergency complaint. The questionnaire including general information, ETS exposure, the child’s anxiety using the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) and dental behavior using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale. Results: Of 500 children, 337 (67.4% response rate) responded to the questionnaire, among whom 201 (59.6%) had been exposed to passive smoking compared to 136 (40.4%) who had not. Exposed children had a statistically significantly greater tendency to develop anxiety (p = 0.002) and demonstrate uncooperative behavior (p = 0.006). Generalized linear mode and binary regression analyses suggested that ETS has a statistically significant effect on children’s dental anxiety and behavior (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Children exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.

scholarly journals Magnitude of exposure and perception of second hand smoking among rural population in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Hemalatha K. ◽  
Varunkumar R. ◽  
Vandana S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures

Background: India is one of the countries where tobacco use is highly prevalent. Tobacco use in the form of smoking is related to occurrence of multiple health related problems in smokers and also general population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 360 adults residing in a rural area of Tiruchirappalli. Cluster sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), knowledge on its health effects and protection measures. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. The results were presented in the form of mean and percentage. Chi-square was used to find the association between the parameters and ETS. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of the study group was 38.5±10.8 years. Proportion of males and females was 53.9% and 46.1% respectively. Two hundred and fifty five (70.8%) were non-smokers and 29.2% have ever smoked some form of tobacco product. Thirty seven percent of the non-smokers were exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the past 15 days and exposure was higher among males (46.7%) than females (31.3%) (χ2 value=6.3; p=0.014). Public place was the most common place of exposure (25.5%) to ETS. Significantly higher proportion of smokers had correct knowledge on ill effects of ETS than smokers (χ2 value=12.3; p= 0.0004).Conclusions: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was significantly high in the study population. Either strict enforcement of laws or banning cigarette sale completely would help reducing the exposure to cigarette smoke which is an important risk factor for multiple non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096928
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh ◽  
Kusharisupeni Djokosujono ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari ◽  
Armedy Ronny Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Hair Samples

Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke From Smoker Parents on Gingival Pigmentation in Children and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangarajan Sridharan ◽  
Kavita Ganiger ◽  
Aparna Satyanarayana ◽  
Aparna Rahul ◽  
Shreya Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young Adults

scholarly journals Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the health of children in the Syrian Arab Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
W. Maziak ◽  
F. Mzayek ◽  
M. Al Musherref
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In the Syrian Arab Republic, studies on the effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the effect of household environmental tobacco smoke on 1859 children under 12 years from both urban and rural areas. Parental and household smoking were associated with respiratory morbidity in the children. Parental smoking was associated with an increased likelihood of having sudden infant death syndrome in the family and was also associated with the presence of other smokers within households, which adds to children’s exposure. To our knowledge this is the first study in the Syrian Arab Republic to report a clear association between environmental tobacco smoke and childhood respiratory morbidity

scholarly journals Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Protano ◽  
Vittoria Cammalleri ◽  
Arianna Antonucci ◽  
Alexandra Sabina Ungureanu ◽  
Francesa Santilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
At Home

Background: The smoking ban in public places has reduced Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure for non-smokers, but despite this, domestic environments still remain places at high risk of exposure, and, today, about 40% of children worldwide are exposed to ETS at home. The aims of the study are to investigate the contribution of several factors on ETS exposure among a group of Italian children and to evaluate the changes in smoking precautions adopted at home when the smoker is the mother, the father, or both parents, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 519 Italian schoolchildren. Information was collected via a questionnaire. Results: 41.4% of the participants lived with at least one smoker. Almost half of the children exposed to ETS lived with one or more smokers who do not observe any home smoking ban. Lower maternal or paternal educational levels significantly increase the risk of ETS exposure at home and the “worst case” is represented by both parents who smoke. Conclusions: More effective preventive interventions are needed to protect children from ETS exposure. Some interventions should be specifically dedicated to smokers with a low educational level and to mothers that smoke.

scholarly journals Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Lawson ◽  
Donna C Rennie ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
Donald W Cockcroft ◽  
Helen H McDuffie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%).OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma.RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

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