Development of a Self-Help Smoking Cessation Intervention for Dual Users of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes

Most users of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) report initiating use to quit combustible cigarettes. Nevertheless, high levels of dual use (i.e., using both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes) occur among adults. Using formative data from in-depth interviews and employing learner verification, we adapted an existing, validated self-help smoking-cessation intervention (Stop Smoking for Good; SSFG) to create a targeted intervention for dual users, If You Vape: A Guide to Quitting Smoking (IYV). In Phase I, in-depth interviews (n = 28) were conducted to assess relevance of the existing SSFG materials (10 booklets, nine pamphlets) and identify new content for the booklets. Next, for Phase II, learner verification interviews (n = 20 dual users) were conducted to assess their appeal and acceptability. Several key themes emerged from the Phase I in-depth interviews. Findings led to the inclusion of e-cigarette-specific strategies used by successful quitters such as gradually reducing nicotine levels, switching from tobacco flavor to alternative flavors, and limiting e-cigarette use to places one would normally smoke (i.e., not expanding use). Suggestions from Phase II learner verification included broadening the visual appeal for a younger, more diverse demographic, expanding tips for quitting smoking via e-cigarettes, and expanding terminology for e-cigarette devices. Beginning with an efficacious self-help intervention, we used a systematic process to develop a version specifically for dual users.

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Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions Initiated During Hospitalization Among HIV-Infected Smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 1170-1177

Author(s):

Virginia A Triant ◽

Ellie Grossman ◽

Nancy A Rigotti ◽

Rekha Ramachandran ◽

Susan Regan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Urban Hospital ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Hospitalized Smokers

Abstract Introduction Smoking is a key determinant of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods To better understand the effects of smoking cessation interventions in PLWH, we conducted a pooled analysis of four randomized controlled trials of hospital-initiated smoking interventions conducted through the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART). In each study, cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to usual care or a smoking cessation intervention. The primary outcome was self-reported past 30-day tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Abstinence rates were compared between PLWH and participants without HIV and by treatment arm, using both complete-case and intention-to-treat analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the effect of HIV status on 6-month tobacco abstinence and to determine predictors of smoking cessation within PLWH. Results Among 5550 hospitalized smokers, there were 202 (3.6%) PLWH. PLWH smoked fewer cigarettes per day and were less likely to be planning to quit than smokers without HIV. At 6 months, cessation rates did not differ between intervention and control groups among PLWH (28.9% vs. 30.5%) or smokers without HIV (36.1% vs. 34.1%). In multivariable regression analysis, HIV status was not significantly associated with smoking cessation at 6 months. Among PLWH, confidence in quitting was the only clinical factor independently associated with smoking cessation (OR 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.8, p < .01). Conclusions HIV status did not alter likelihood of quitting smoking after hospital discharge, whether or not the smoker was offered a tobacco cessation intervention, but power was limited to identify potentially important differences. Implications PLWH had similar quit rates to participants without HIV following a hospital-initiated smoking cessation intervention. The findings suggest that factors specific to HIV infection may not influence response to smoking cessation interventions and that all PLWH would benefit from efforts to assist in quitting smoking. Trial Registration (1) Using “warm handoffs” to link hospitalized smokers with tobacco treatment after discharge: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial: NCT01305928. (2) Web-based smoking cessation intervention that transitions from inpatient to outpatient: NCT01277250. (3) Effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions for urban hospital patients: NCT01363245. (4) Effectiveness of Post-Discharge Strategies for Hospitalized Smokers (HelpingHAND2): NCT01714323.

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Preliminary Investigation of a Culturally Specific Smoking Cessation Intervention for Hispanic Smokers

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-11.3.198 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 198-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Nevid ◽

Rafael A. Javier

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

The Self ◽

Smoking History ◽

Culturally Specific ◽

Significant Group ◽

Self Help ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Self Help Group

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare a culturally specific, multicomponent behavioral smoking cessation program for Hispanic smokers with a low-intensity, enhanced self-help control condition. Design. Participants who completed pretreatment assessment were randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Smoking status was evaluated at posttreatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up intervals. Setting. The study was based in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods in Queens, New York. Participants. Ninety-three Hispanic smokers participated: 48 men and 45 women. Intervention. The multicomponent treatment involved a clinic-based group program that incorporated a culturally specific component consisting of videotaped presentations of culturally laden smoking-related vignettes. The self-help control program was enhanced by the use of an introductory group session and follow-up supportive telephone calls. Measures. Smoking outcomes were based on cotinine-validated abstinence and self-reported smoking rates. Predictors of abstinence were examined, including sociodemographic variables, smoking history, nicotine dependence, acculturation, partner interactions, reasons for quitting, self-efficacy, and linguistic competence. Results. Significant group differences in cotinine-validated abstinence rates in favor of the multicomponent group were obtained, but only at posttreatment. With missing data included and coded for nonabstinence, validated abstinence rates at posttreatment were 21% for the multicomponent group and 6% for the self-help group. At the 6-month follow-up, the rates were 13% for the multicomponent group and 9% for the self-help group. By the 12-month follow-up, the rates declined to 8% and 7% for the multicomponent and self-help groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship between attendance at group sessions and abstinence status was shown at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up intervals. Conclusions. The results of the present study failed to show any long-term benefit from use of a clinic-based, culturally specific multicomponent smoking cessation intervention for Hispanic smokers relative to a minimal-contact, enhanced self-help control.

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A randomized trial of a self-help smoking cessation intervention in a nonvolunteer female population: Testing the limits of the public health model.

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/0278-6133.11.5.280 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 280-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ellen R. Gritz ◽

Barbara A. Berman ◽

Roshan Bastani ◽

Melien Wu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

Female Population ◽

The Public ◽

Public Health Model ◽

Self Help ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Health Model

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Assessing a smoking cessation intervention involving groups, incentives, and self-help manuals

Behavior Therapy ◽

10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80090-5 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 393-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Leonard A. Jason ◽

Susan D. McMahon ◽

Doreen Salina ◽

Donald Hedeker ◽

Mary Stockton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

Self Help ◽

Cessation Intervention

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A Guided Self-Help Smoking Cessation Intervention with White-Collar and Blue-Collar Employees

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-7.5.325 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 325-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Don R. Powell

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

White Collar ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Self Help ◽

Cessation Intervention

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Electronic cigarettes

BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal ◽

10.47339/ephj.2017.75 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Spencer Kaspick ◽

BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽

Helen Heacock

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Chi Square ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Chi Squared

Background: Electronic cigarettes are a widely-used, yet still emerging technology. As such, there is relatively little data regarding the reasons why people take up their use. Many claim to use them as a smoking-cessation method. Concern exists that experimentation in non-smokers may lead to nicotine addiction and subsequent smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary reasons for the commencement of electronic cigarette use, and to suggest way in which these findings could affect current policies and regulations pertaining to electronic cigarettes. Methods: A survey examining electronic cigarette use was prepared. The survey contained questions respecting primary motivation for use, frequency of use, present and former smoking status as well as agreement with common perception about electronic cigarettes. Basic demographic information was also collected. The survey was posted to “www.reddit.com” and was accessible to users who used electronic cigarettes themselves via the “/r/electronic_cigarettes” sub-Reddit for a period of five days. Once responses were collected, Chi-square tests of independence were run to determine if any associations existed. Responses were also compared to previous studies of a similar nature to see if any similarities existed. Results: In total, 155 responses were received. The majority of the respondents were males (89.7%) between the ages of 19 and 28 (47.7%). 30.32% listed their occupation as “student”, and almost three-quarters of the respondents had some post-secondary experience. 78.1% of respondents were former smokers, and 61.3% identified their primary reason for electronic cigarette use as “to quit smoking.” Chi-squared tests for association between responses yielded statistically-significant associations between being a previous smoker and believing that electronic-cigarettes are healthier than conventional cigarettes, and between gender (specifically being male) and reasons for electronic cigarette use (specifically “to quit smoking”). However, the latter result was possibly skewed by a higher response rate from males as opposed to females. Conclusion: The high proportion of previous smokers among electronic cigarette users suggested that quitting smoking was the most common reason individuals take up electronic cigarette usage. It is therefore suggested that studies be done to determine if their use is less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, and that existing legislation regarding their use in public be modified in light of this evidence. It is also suggested that they be given consideration as a legitimate means of smoking cessation.

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Smoking habits of UK military personnel on deployment: Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 166 (6) ◽

pp. 396-400

Author(s):

J F Williams ◽

M Fuller ◽

M B Smith

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Data Collection ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Smoking Cessation Services ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Number Of Individuals

IntroductionChanges of environment brought about by deployments are often attributed to an increase in smoking of service personnel. Electronic cigarettes are recognised as being a viable aid to quitting smoking but are currently banned from sale in Oman and were therefore banned during exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 (SS3). This paper sought to establish whether smoking increased on this exercise and for what reasons. Also, if deployed smoking cessation services are likely to be used, if available.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to deployed troops at various locations in theatre for data collection.ResultsSmoking prevalence increased by 5.2% (29) in the deployed population by the end of the exercise. The largest increase was seen in those smoking 20 cigarettes a day or more, rising by 269.8% (73) with a mean increase of 9 cigarettes per day. During the exercise the number of personnel using electronic cigarettes decreased and individuals’ rate of electronic cigarette use also decreased. Those who smoked less during the exercise did mainly through choice (56.8%). 50% (280) of all individuals who increased smoking habits during the exercise did so out of boredom.ConclusionsDuring exercise SS3 the number of individuals who smoked and the quantity they smoked increased. The ban on electronic cigarettes in Oman and while on exercise potentially had an effect on the increased smoking habits. There is an argument to include smoking cessation material in medical modules to prevent ex-smokers from restarting, continue to aid those quitting and potentially lessen severity of increasing smoking habits while deployed.

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