scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Kaspick ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Chi Squared

  Background: Electronic cigarettes are a widely-used, yet still emerging technology. As such, there is relatively little data regarding the reasons why people take up their use. Many claim to use them as a smoking-cessation method. Concern exists that experimentation in non-smokers may lead to nicotine addiction and subsequent smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary reasons for the commencement of electronic cigarette use, and to suggest way in which these findings could affect current policies and regulations pertaining to electronic cigarettes. Methods: A survey examining electronic cigarette use was prepared. The survey contained questions respecting primary motivation for use, frequency of use, present and former smoking status as well as agreement with common perception about electronic cigarettes. Basic demographic information was also collected. The survey was posted to “www.reddit.com” and was accessible to users who used electronic cigarettes themselves via the “/r/electronic_cigarettes” sub-Reddit for a period of five days. Once responses were collected, Chi-square tests of independence were run to determine if any associations existed. Responses were also compared to previous studies of a similar nature to see if any similarities existed. Results: In total, 155 responses were received. The majority of the respondents were males (89.7%) between the ages of 19 and 28 (47.7%). 30.32% listed their occupation as “student”, and almost three-quarters of the respondents had some post-secondary experience. 78.1% of respondents were former smokers, and 61.3% identified their primary reason for electronic cigarette use as “to quit smoking.” Chi-squared tests for association between responses yielded statistically-significant associations between being a previous smoker and believing that electronic-cigarettes are healthier than conventional cigarettes, and between gender (specifically being male) and reasons for electronic cigarette use (specifically “to quit smoking”). However, the latter result was possibly skewed by a higher response rate from males as opposed to females. Conclusion: The high proportion of previous smokers among electronic cigarette users suggested that quitting smoking was the most common reason individuals take up electronic cigarette usage. It is therefore suggested that studies be done to determine if their use is less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, and that existing legislation regarding their use in public be modified in light of this evidence. It is also suggested that they be given consideration as a legitimate means of smoking cessation.  

scholarly journals Effects of smoking cessation on biological monitoring markers in urine

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Kawasaki ◽  
Yun-Shan Li ◽  
Yuko Ootsuyama ◽  
Kazuhiko Nagata ◽  
Hiroshi Yamato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Abstract Introduction Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels are often measured as biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure. However, these biomarkers are not appropriate to evaluate the effects of quitting smoking for several days, because of their short half-lives. In this study, we focused on the changes in the urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels of 55 patients in a smoking cessation program, because of the long half-life. At the same time, urinary 7-methylguanine (m7Gua) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as DNA damage markers of cigarette smoking, were also measured. Results In the subjects who completed the quit-smoking program (18 subjects out of 55), the urinary nicotine and cotinine levels decreased to 1.7 and 0.2% at 8 weeks after the first visit to the clinic. By contrast, the NNAL levels decreased to 12.3% at 8 weeks after quitting smoking. During the same period, the urinary m7Gua levels significantly decreased, from 27.32 μg/mg creatinine to 14.17 μg/mg creatinine by the elimination of subjects who showed increased levels of NNAL during the smoking cessation program. The 8-OHdG levels were also reduced within the same period, but were not significantly different. From the all data analysis, the urinary levels of cotinine and NNAL positively correlated with the level of m7Gua. Conclusions NNAL may be an appropriate exposure marker for evaluating the smoking status of patients in a smoking cessation program. The urinary cotinine and NNAL levels positively correlated with the m7Gua levels.

scholarly journals Change in smoking cessation stage over 1 year in patients with schizophrenia: a follow up study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Higuchi ◽  
Masaki Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Nakaya ◽  
Maiko Fujimori ◽  
Chinatsu Hayashibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

Abstract Background We performed a follow up study about willingness and behaviors to quit smoking among smokers with schizophrenia in Japan. Methods Participants were outpatients with schizophrenia aged 20–69 years who had been visiting the hospital for ≥1 year as of April 1, 2016, and had visited the hospital more than once in the previous 6 months. A baseline survey on smoking behaviors including current smoking status and smoking cessation stage, was administered in 420 participants that were randomly extracted from a patient pool (n = 680) in 2016, and a follow-up survey was administered in 2017. We calculated the distribution and change in smoking cessation stage, number of smokers and nonsmokers after 1 year, and quitting rate from a naturalistic 1-year smoking-cessation follow up. Results The number of baseline respondents was 350; 113 current smokers and 68 former smokers. Among the 113 current smokers, 104 (92.0%) were followed for 1 year, 79 (70.0%) were interested in smoking cessation, and only 7 had received smoking cessation treatments at baseline. Among the tracked 104 participants, only 6 (5.8%) stopped smoking after 1 year. Among the 25 participants who had intentions to quit smoking within 6 months at baseline, 6 (24.0%) maintained their intention to quit smoking for 1 year, and 16 (64.0%) did not maintain their intention to quit smoking. Conclusions Our findings showed that many smokers with schizophrenia were interested in quitting smoking, but few patients received treatment and actually quit smoking. Timely intervention, including the option to receive smoking cessation treatment, is necessary for those patients with schizophrenia who smoke. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000023874, registered on August 31, 2016).

Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marsot ◽  
N. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
Reasons For Use

Background: Since their introduction in 2004, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity worldwide. E-cigarettes are marketed as nicotine delivery devices. Commonly reported reasons for use include to quit smoking, to reduce urge to smoke, or the perceived lower risk alternative to smoking. But what are the actual amounts of nicotine delivered? Aim: This review summarizes all the published studies concerning nicotine or cotinine levels following e-cigarette use. Methods: A literature search was conducted from the PubMed database, from 1985 to January 2014, using the following terms: electronic cigarette(s), e-cigarette(s), electronic nicotine delivery system, cotinine, and nicotine. Articles were excluded if they were not pertinent according to our criteria. References of all relevant articles were also evaluated. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. The following information was extracted from the articles: population size, age of participants, recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, concentration of nicotine in refills liquids, study sample design, and observed concentrations. Following design of studies, plasma nicotine Cmax was observed between 0 and 5 ng/mL (no significant changes) or between 13.9 and 16.3 ng/mL (similar to a tobacco cigarette) with a Tmax between 70 and 75 minutes. Cotinine levels after “vaping” an e-cigarette are similar to a tobacco cigarette. Conclusion: This review summarizes e-cigarette studies that contain information on nicotine or cotinine levels. The peak concentration of nicotine appears to be dependent on the use and dose level of e-cigarette cartridge. The value of this peak concentration is similar to the value found with a tobacco cigarette. However, the time corresponding to the peak concentration is delayed compared to a tobacco cigarette.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Flavored e-Cigarette Use Among Subpopulations of Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M Leventhal ◽  
Hongying Dai
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Evidence of US adult flavored e-cigarette use prevalence stratified by age, smoking status, and purpose for vaping (ie, quitting smoking, to use when or where smoking is not allowed) can inform policies that reduce the tobacco-related cancer burden. Methods Current flavored e-cigarette use (use 1 or more nontobacco flavors) prevalence estimates were compared across subpopulation groups using 2-sided statistical significance tests in the July 2018 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement, a nationally representative cross-sectional adult survey (n = 46 759). Results Current flavored e-cigarette use was reported by 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47% to 1.69%) of all respondents. Among current vapers, the percentage of those who used flavored e-cigarettes was higher for adults aged 18-24 years (89.6%), 25-34 years (86.7%), and 35-44 years (76.0%) than for adults aged 45 years and older (60.4%, Ps < .001); was higher in never smokers (89.8%) than current (72.9%), long-term former (73.9%), and recent former (80.4%) smokers (Ps ≤ .009); was higher in smokers who reportedly did (78.9%) vs did not (71.1%) use e-cigarettes to vape where or when smoking is not allowed (P = .005); and did not differ between smokers who reportedly did (75.0%) vs did not (73.9%) vape to quit smoking (P = .71). Individuals who vaped to quit smoking and currently used flavored e-cigarettes constituted 0.9% (95% CI = 0.82% to 0.99%) of all adults (weighted N = 2 251 000, 95% CI = 2 046 000 to 2 476 000) and 57.2% of current flavored e-cigarette users. Conclusions Flavored e-cigarette use prevalence was low among US adults overall but common for current vapers. Flavored e-cigarette use was disproportionately prevalent among never smokers and other subpopulations that might experience harm from vaping.

scholarly journals Factors associated with electronic cigarettes use among adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhwan Fauzi ◽  
Chitlada Areesantichai
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated

PurposeThis study aimed to examine factors associated with electronic cigarette use among adolescents aged 15–19 in Jakarta, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe study was a school-based survey involving 1,318 students from 14 high schools in Jakarta. A multistage cluster sampling methodology was used. The authors used the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to examine the association between electronic cigarette use and sociodemographic, social influences, health risk perceptions, availability, affordability and conventional cigarette smoking status.FindingsOverall, 6.3% of females and 29% of males reported ever having used electronic cigarettes. Electronic cigarette use was independently associated with sex, school locations, conventional cigarette smoking status, peer use, availability and perceptions that electronic cigarettes aid conventional cigarette smoking cessation. Compared with non-smokers, lifetime (AOR: 8.740, 95% CI: 5.126–14.901) and current conventional cigarette smokers (AOR: 18.380, 95% CI: 10.577–31.938) were more likely to use electronic cigarettes.Social implicationsThe use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents was considerably high in this study. Therefore, the tobacco control policy should be extended to regulate the marketing and use of all types of tobacco products and not just conventional cigarettes.Originality/valueThe study explored beyond individual lifestyle factors that contributed to electronic cigarette use in Indonesia such as affordability, school locations and availability of electronic cigarettes. These issues have not been specifically discussed in previous studies.

scholarly journals Effects of electronic cigarette e-liquid flavouring on cigarette craving

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056769
Author(s):  
Maddy L Dyer ◽  
Jasmine N Khouja ◽  
Abigail R Jackson ◽  
Michelle A Havill ◽  
Martin J Dockrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Cigarette Craving ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Smoking Lapse ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking

BackgroundE-liquid flavour restrictions may discourage electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) uptake among youth. However, possible unintended consequences may include reduced appeal and effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Non-tobacco flavours appear to be important for smoking cessation, but how and why are currently unclear.MethodsWe conducted an experimental study in a UK sample of adult daily smokers using an independent groups design (N=84). Participants were randomised to use an e-cigarette with nicotine-containing fruit/sweet-flavoured e-liquid (blackcurrant, strawberry, vanilla, caramel) or unflavoured e-liquid for 1 week. The primary outcomes were average, peak and cue-elicited cigarette craving (the latter was assessed using a cue exposure task). The secondary outcomes were smoking lapse occurrence, enjoyment of the e-cigarette, ease of transitioning from smoking to using an e-cigarette, intentions to continue using an e-cigarette, intentions and motivation to quit smoking, return to smoking, and continuation of e-cigarette use.ResultsE-liquid flavouring did not appear to have an effect on average cigarette craving (b 0.18, 95% CI −0.44 to 0.79, p=0.57), peak cigarette craving (b −0.12, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.35, p=0.62) or cue-elicited cigarette craving (b −0.21, 95% CI −3.86 to 3.43, p=0.91). We did not find evidence of a difference in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence to suggest that nicotine-containing fruit/sweet-flavoured and unflavoured e-liquids have different effects on cigarette cravings after 1 week of use. Further research is needed to establish if differences emerge over longer periods of exposure and extend to smoking cessation outcomes.

Smoking habits of UK military personnel on deployment: Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
J F Williams ◽  
M Fuller ◽  
M B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Number Of Individuals

IntroductionChanges of environment brought about by deployments are often attributed to an increase in smoking of service personnel. Electronic cigarettes are recognised as being a viable aid to quitting smoking but are currently banned from sale in Oman and were therefore banned during exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 (SS3). This paper sought to establish whether smoking increased on this exercise and for what reasons. Also, if deployed smoking cessation services are likely to be used, if available.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to deployed troops at various locations in theatre for data collection.ResultsSmoking prevalence increased by 5.2% (29) in the deployed population by the end of the exercise. The largest increase was seen in those smoking 20 cigarettes a day or more, rising by 269.8% (73) with a mean increase of 9 cigarettes per day. During the exercise the number of personnel using electronic cigarettes decreased and individuals’ rate of electronic cigarette use also decreased. Those who smoked less during the exercise did mainly through choice (56.8%). 50% (280) of all individuals who increased smoking habits during the exercise did so out of boredom.ConclusionsDuring exercise SS3 the number of individuals who smoked and the quantity they smoked increased. The ban on electronic cigarettes in Oman and while on exercise potentially had an effect on the increased smoking habits. There is an argument to include smoking cessation material in medical modules to prevent ex-smokers from restarting, continue to aid those quitting and potentially lessen severity of increasing smoking habits while deployed.

scholarly journals Use and perceptions of electronic cigarette by the adult population in France in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Quatremère ◽  
A Pasquereau ◽  
R Guignard ◽  
R Andler ◽  
J B Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Background E-cigarette (EC) use is controversial because its benefit-risk ratio is still unclear. Since its introduction on the French market at the beginning of the 2010’s, French health authorities have published cautious recommendations. The study aims at describing uses and perceptions about EC among the adult population. Methods Santé Publique France’s Health Barometer, the French national public health agency, is a cross-sectional random survey conducted annually by phone, on a representative sample of the population aged 18-75 y/o in Mainland France. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed to analyze data collected from the 25,319 respondents of the 2017 edition. Results In 2017 in Mainland France, 3.8% of the population used an EC, 2.7% on a daily basis. Among EC daily users, 60.4% were men, 57.9% had a bachelor degree or higher qualifications. Less than 1% of EC users were never-smokers, 50.3% were daily or occasional smokers, 49.5% were former smokers. The number of daily ex-smokers who did quit smoking ( > = 6 months) and believed that vaping has helped them to, was estimated to be 700,000 since EC has been available in France. EC was perceived as equally or more harmful than regular cigarette by half of the population (51.5%), a proportion that has increased since 2014 (43.4%). Daily smokers perceived EC as more harmful, while being an EC user from high socioeconomic status was associated with the perception that EC is less harmful. The bans on EC in places where smoking is prohibited and on sales of EC to minors (<18 y/o) were appreciated by 66.9% and 77.5%, respectively. Conclusions These results show that in France, EC is strongly related to current or past smoking habits. A significant number of ex-smokers believe that EC has helped them quit smoking. Sociodemographic differences in the perception of EC harmfulness suggest social inequalities in access to information. Key messages Electronic cigarette users in France are few and most of them are smokers or former smokers. The perception of electronic cigarettes harmfulness depends on sociodemographic and smoking status.

scholarly journals The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Christopher Waters ◽  
Ruchi Bhandari ◽  
Alcinda K. Trickett Shockey ◽  
Omayma Alshaarawy
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. The unknown effects of electronic cigarettes are public health concerns. One potential effect of electronic cigarette fluid constituents, such as nicotine, may influence sleep. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between sleep duration and electronic cigarette use. Methods. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. Variables of interest included responses to questions concerning electronic cigarette use, hours of sleep, and other variables associated with sleep. Data analyses were conducted with the Rao-Scott chi square test and logistic regression. Results. This study was conducted on 2889 participants, aged 18-65 years, of whom 50.7% were female. Using a bivariate analyses of electronic cigarette usage and sleep duration, participants who never used an electronic cigarette were more likely to have appropriate sleep durations as compared with participants who were currently using electronic cigarettes (P<0.0001). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and cigarette smoking, current electronic cigarette use was associated with higher odds of less sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio=1.82; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.79; P=0.0075). Conclusions. Participants currently using electronic cigarettes are more likely to have less sleep as compared to participants who have never used electronic cigarettes. Implications. With sleep time duration being a major factor for proper body function and repair, this study can serve as confirmation that the use of electronic cigarettes is not a harmless health behavior.

scholarly journals Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia in A Smoker, Relieved after Smoking Cessation with the Use of Electronic Cigarette: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S11175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos E. Farsalinos ◽  
Giorgio Romagna
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Quit Smoking

Introduction Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid. Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause. Case Presentation A male Caucasian patient, born in 1977, presented in September 2005 with asymptomatic elevation of white blood cell and neutrophil count, and mildly-elevated C-reactive protein levels. He was a smoker since 1996 and was treated with 20 mg/day of simvastatin since 2003 due to hyperlipidemia. Clinical examination, and laboratory and imaging investigations ruled out any infectious, haematological, rheumatological, or endocrine conditions. He was followed-up regularly and was advised to stop smoking. He had 2 unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking; one was unassisted and the second was performed with the use of both varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (patches). During the subsequent 6.5 years, his leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels were repeatedly elevated; the condition was consistent with chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. In February 2012, he started using electronic cigarettes and he managed to quit smoking within 10 days. After 6 months, laboratory examination showed normalized leukocyte count and C-reactive protein levels, confirmed immediately by a second laboratory and by repeated tests after 1 and 2 months. Conclusion Smoking cessation with the use of electronic cigarette led to reversal of chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. The daily use of electronic cigarette may help preserve the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.

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