Romanian Journal of Rhinology
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198
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Published By Walter De Gruyter Gmbh

2393-3356

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Ziya Şencan ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Mikail Inal ◽  
Selmin Perihan Kömürcü Erkmen ◽  
Ela Cömert

Abstract OBJECTIVE. We investigated the relationship between Lund-Mackay scale, olfactory bulb depth and width, and Keros classification in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) images of 47 patients with CRSwNP and 47 healthy subjects (control) were evaluated. In the CRSwNP group, PNSCT scans were assessed based on Lund-Mackay scale. In both groups, olfactory fossae (OF) depth and width, and Keros classification were evaluated. RESULTS. The total Lund-Mackay score was 17.1±5.9. There were no significant differences between OF depth and width values of the nasal polyps group and control group. For both groups, Type II Keros was the most detected type; secondly, Keros type I and rarely Keros type III were detected. There was no significant correlation between Lund-Mackay score (All items and total score) and OF depth and width, and Keros type. There were negative correlations between ipsilateral OF depth and width (p<0.05), whereas there were positive correlations between contralateral OF depth and width (p>0.05). Keros type was positively correlated between ipsilateral and contralateral OF depth and Keros type (p<0.05). In older patients, left OF depth and Keros type decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION. As a conclusion, there was no correlation between Lund-Mackay score and olfactory fossa dimensions (depth and width). When considering age, one could notice that Keros type decreased in older patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Lugo-Machado ◽  
Luis Manuel Justo Enríquez ◽  
Dalia Yocupicio Hernández ◽  
Diana Camila Navarro Pimiento ◽  
Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez

Abstract BACKGROUND. Currently, health professionals face the management of artificial airways in paediatric groups. This action requires delicate care and a lot of attention to detect, establish and manage pressing situations, in these cases being a greater risk of tracheo-pulmonary bacterial infections. OBJECTIVE. To identify and evaluate the scientific publications on infections in paediatric patients with tracheostomy tubes. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic review of the years 2015-2020 was carried out, using the Elsevier, PubMed, Google Academic and Scielo databases, considering the population aged between 0-20 years who used a tracheostomy tube. RESULTS. From 322 articles distributed in the databases, 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Comorbidities that were described as most frequently associated with infection of the tracheostomy tube in children were: neuromuscular disease, prematurity, ventilator use, congenital anomalies, chronic lung disease, obstruction airway, cystic fibrosis, and heart disease. The factors associated with length of stay (LOS) were the age from 30 days to 12 months, with a greater probability of re-entering the hospital and the presence of 4 or more complex chronic diseases. Regarding respiratory infections in patients with tracheostomy, P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria present in cultures (90%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION. Although there are currently clinical criteria, risk factors and laboratory tests associated with infections of the post-tracheostomy tube in paediatric patients, further research is required to define clinical guidelines for the management in medical decision-making cases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Ionut Tanase ◽  
Mihaela Neagu ◽  
George Dascalescu

Abstract BACKGROUND. Synovial sarcomas of the soft tissue are a particular type of sarcomas that rarely appear in the head and neck region. CASE REPORT AND COMMENTS. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient diagnosed in 2017 with soft palate biphasic synovial sarcoma who presented with recurrent microepistaxis, nasal obstruction, left cephalalgia and aural fullness in the left ear. The clinical examination showed a tumor with approximately 4/6 cm in diameter, covered with sero-sanguinolent secretions, pulsating in nature, completely obstructing the left choana. The surgical treatment consisted of complete removal of the tumor under endoscopic guidance with electrocauterization of the insertion area, without further postoperative radiotherapy. The histopathological aspect was suggestive for pleomorphic sarcoma, poorly differentiated, confirming the local recurrence of the tumor. The patient also presented lung metastasis from undifferentiated malignant tumor. CONCLUSION. The particularity of this case is represented by the extremely rare occurrence of synovial sarcoma in the head and neck region, especially at the level of the soft palate. Complete resection of the tumor with negative margins represent the mainstay of treatment, associated with adjuvant radiotherapy, with an important role in improving disease-specific survival.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Mihaela Cristina Neagu ◽  
Codrut Sarafoleanu

Abstract The rapid spread of the COVID-19 infection required prompt recognition and immediate isolation of patients. In the evolution of the disease various symptoms were indicated as suggestive of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, among them being also described anosmia and ageusia. In order to review how olfactory disorders are related to COVID-19 disease, we carried out an analysis by searching PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and LILACS. The research was made using MeSH descriptors and the Boolean operator, “AND”, for the terms “olfactory disorders” or “olfactory dysfunction” or “anosmia” or “neurologic manifestations” or “ENT symptoms” AND “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “coronavirus infections”, with a filter on the publication date set for 01.01.2020 – 18.06.2021. A total of 956 articles were found in the databases, out of which 14 were included in the study. The statistics suggest that alterations of the chemosensory function are strongly correlated with COVID-19, although the exact pathophysiologic mechanism is not well established. Symptomatology suggestive of chemosensory dys-function (smell primarily and then taste alterations) elevate the degree of suspicion of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and they commend prompt isolation and surveillance measurements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Susan A Thomas ◽  
Suresh Pillai ◽  
Sanu P Moideen

Abstract BACKGROUND. Indications for endoscopic sinus surgery have been widely expanding since its introduction, to such an extent that it is now accepted as the ideal method for the treatment of some orbital conditions. Endoscopic approach to orbits provides excellent visualization with minimal cosmetic and functional morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS. This descriptive study has been conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, KMC, Manipal, during July 2010 and July 2014. We evaluated the role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) as a surgical mode of treatment in different types of orbital diseases. RESULTS. 24 patients underwent ESS approach for various ophthalmologic conditions. CONCLUSION. Results from our studies showed that the endoscopic sinus surgery approach is effective and has better results than an open approach in the management of certain types of orbital pathology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Nicola Lombardo ◽  
Giovanna Piazzetta ◽  
Nadia Lobello ◽  
Corrado Pelaia ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
...  

Abstract BACKGROUND. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common malignancies of which 60% affect the tongue. Carcinoma of the tongue causes significant alterations of the articulatory and swallowing functions. The gold standard of care remains primary surgical resection with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Whereas T1 and T2 tongue tumors can be treated with more conservative surgeries, as partial glossectomies, the larger tumors require total and aggressive glossectomies which increase survival, but, on the other hand, they might often make speech, chewing and swallowing impossible. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Our study was performed on a total of 21 patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the tongue who underwent either partial resection or hemiglossectomy. Each subject (either surgical patients or controls) was asked to pronounce the vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /u/, and all signals were evaluated separately by two operators. Acoustic (F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR) and vowel metric (the ratio F2i/F2u, tVSA, qVSA, FCR) features have been extracted. In order to define the speech intelligibility, all patients were evaluated by two doctors and one speech therapist and all patients received the Speech Handicap Index (SHI) translated into Italian language before recording. RESULTS. No statistically significant variations were observed, regardless of the gender, between controls and surgically resected patients when tumor staging was T1-T2. On the contrary, when patients had to undergo more extensive surgical resection due to the presence of a T3-T4 tumor, a dramatic increase of F2u could be observed. This change, together with a decrease of F2i, led to a highly significant reduction in the F2i/F2u parameter in surgically resected patients as compared to controls. The other parameters which were reduced in a statistically significant manner in T3-T4 surgically resected patients were tVSA and qVSA. Instead, two parameters increased in a statistically significant manner in T3-T4 surgically resected patients: FCR and SHI. Again, none of the above-mentioned parameters was altered in a statistically significant manner in early tumor stage resected patients, regardless of the gender. CONCLUSION. For the first time, we used a series of newly developed formant parameters, introduced by various authors for the study of the articulatory undershoot of the tongue in various neurodegenerative diseases. The statistical analysis of our results highlighted in an incontrovertible way a strong correlation and significance of each of our parameters F2 / i / / F2 / u /, FCR, tVSA, qVSA, with the entity of the TNM, and therefore of the surgical extension of the resection, and in parallel with the loss of the intelligibility of the speech that proportionally reaches higher values in the advanced stages of the disease as can be deduced from the SHI trend.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Gabriela Musat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Lugo-Machado ◽  
Luis Manuel Justo Enriquez ◽  
Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez ◽  
Natalia Barreto Niño ◽  
David Fernando Acevedo Contreras ◽  
...  

Abstract Pneumosinus dilatans is a rare disease characterized by air-filled expansion of a paranasal sinus. Approximately 134 cases are reported in the literature, but not only one associated with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) and nasal polyposis. We herein present this case report aimed to further characterize this uncommon condition: a 28-year-old female diagnosed with infantile cerebral palsy and nasal polyposis, in whom the cranio-facial CT scan revealed the association of a pneumosinus dilatans involving the frontal sinus. The patient is currently undergoing a protocol for endoscopic surgery of the nose and paranasal sinuses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Lugo-Machado ◽  
Martha Lucía Gutiérrez Pérez ◽  
Óscar Said Rodríguez Quintana ◽  
Fernanda Verena Barragán Márquez ◽  
Regina Jacobo Pinelli ◽  
...  

Abstract Necrotizing descending mediastinitis is an emergency which can be fatal in most cases. 80% to 85% of patients who develop descending necrotizing mediastinitis are young, previously healthy persons. We present the case of a healthy patient who, after a neck abscess, developed descending necrotizing mediastinitis complicated by atypical interstitial pneumonia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Toma Avramov ◽  
Dilyana Vicheva ◽  
Antoaneta Manolova

Abstract Before COVID-19 infection caused the global pandemic in 2020, coronavirus diseases were mainly of veterinary interest. This pandemic necessitated the development of protective and therapeutic measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Foods containing representatives of the genus Lactobacillus are an integral part of the daily menu of the Bulgarian people. Our hypothesis is based on studies examining its potential for competitive inhibition of viruses and bacteria by attachment to the surface of enterocytes. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an integral part of the vaccination calendar in the Republic of Bulgaria. In the literature, many clinical studies show that the administration of BCG vaccine limits the SARS-CoV-2 antigens and, consequently, is able to induce protection for COVID-19, by activating the specific, innate immune system. The lack of definitively approved treatment necessitates finding ways to limit the spread of COVID-19 until final drug approval. We believe that the use of dietary components in the context of competitive inhibition and the vaccination schedule for protection in coronavirus-related diseases is applicable. We hypothesize that Lactobacillus and BCG may play a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection alone or in combination in healthy individuals.


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