scholarly journals Determinants of Disability in Minority Populations in Spain: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3537
Author(s):  
Javier Casillas-Clot ◽  
Pamela Pereyra-Zamora ◽  
Andreu Nolasco
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Global Activity

Some population groups could be especially vulnerable to the effects of population ageing. The Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) has been proposed as a measure of disability, but it has not been used in minority groups. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of disability using the GALI and to analyse its determinants in immigrant and Roma populations. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014 were used, including adults aged 50 and above. Prevalence of disability was estimated, and odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models to assess the association between disability and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables. The prevalence of disability was estimated at 39.4%, 30.6%, and 58.7% in the native, immigrant, and Roma populations, respectively. Gender was a common determinant for the native and Roma populations. On the other hand, among immigrants, the risk of disability increased over the time residing in Spain. There were significant interactions with age and gender in the native population. Disability has different determinants in the three population groups. Public health measures to protect the Roma population and immigrants’ health should be considered.

The intersection race/skin color and gender, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: cross sectional analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisseila Andrea Ferreira Garcia ◽  
Etna Kaliane Pereira da SIlva ◽  
Luana Giatti ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
White Women ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
And Gender

Abstract: This study aims to investigate whether the intersectional identities defined by race/skin color and gender are associated with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol in a representative sample of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 48,234 participants in the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) - 2013. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to estimate the associations of intersectional categories of race/skin color and gender (white woman, brown woman, black woman, white man, brown man, black man) with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol, based on the combination of weekly “days” and “servings”. The prevalence of smoking varied from 10.6% for white women to 23.1% for black men, while the prevalence of elevated consumption of alcohol ranged from 3.3% to 14%, respectively. In comparison to white women, only white, brown, and black men presented greater chances of smoking, reaching the OR of 2.04 (95%CI: 1.66-2.51) in black men. As to excessive consumption of alcohol, all intersectional categories showed greater chances of consumption than white women, with the greatest magnitude in black men (OR = 4.78; 95%CI: 3.66-6.23). These associations maintained statistical significance after adjustments made for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. Results demonstrated differences in smoking habit and excessive consumption of alcohol when the intersectional categories were compared to traditional analyses. These findings reinforce the significance of including intersectionality of race/skin color and gender in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Control of Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol among Adults with Diabetes: The Brazilian National Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Citton P. dos Reis ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Basic Standards

ABC (glucose, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) goals are basic standards of diabetes care. We aimed to assess ABC control and related factors in a representative sample of Brazilian adults with diabetes. We analyzed 465 adults with known diabetes in the Brazilian National Health Survey. The targets used were <7% for glycated hemoglobin (A1C); <140/90 mmHg for blood pressure; and <100 mg/dL for LDL-C, with stricter targets for the latter two for those with high cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Individual goals were attained by 46% (95% CI, 40.3–51.6%) for A1C, 51.4% (95% CI, 45.7–57.1%) for blood pressure, and 40% (95% CI, 34.5–45.6%) for LDL-C. The achievement of all three goals was attained by 12.5% (95% CI, 8.9–16.2%). Those with high CVD risk attained blood pressure and LDL-C goals less frequently. A1C control improved with increasing age and worsened with greater duration of diabetes. Achievement of at least two ABC goals decreased with increasing BMI and greater duration of diabetes. In sum, about half of those with known diabetes achieved each ABC goal and only a small fraction achieved all three goals. Better access and adherence to treatment and strategies to personalize goals according to specific priorities are of the essence.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Ability to Walk, Weight Status, and Multimorbidity Levels in Older Spanish People: The National Health Survey (2009–2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4333
Author(s):  
Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román ◽  
Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres ◽  
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca ◽  
José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Severe Difficulty ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

Background. Many studies have shown a relationship between physical functioning and health status in older people. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of physical activity (PA), ability to walk, weight status, self-perceived health, and disease or chronic health problems in people over 65 years from 2009 to 2017, using the European Health Survey in Spain and the National Health Survey in Spain. Methods. This study included 13,049 older people: 6026 (2330 men and 3696 women; age (mean, SD (Standard Deviation)) = 75.61 ± 7.11 years old) in 2009 and 7023 (2850 men and 4173 women; age (mean, SD) = 76.01 ± 7.57 years old) in 2017. Results. In 2017, older people exhibited lower values of moderate PA (p < 0.001), a lower number of hours of walking per week (p < 0.001), and worse self-perceived health status (p < 0.001) compared to 2009. These differences are maintained when comparing the sexes. Compliance with PA recommendations was 27.9% and 6.1% (chi-squared = 352.991, p < 0.001) in 2009 and 2017, respectively. There were no significant differences in weight status between older people in 2009 and 2017. In 2017, older people had significantly high percentages of disease or chronic health problems (p < 0.05), number of diseases (p < 0.001), severe difficulty walking 500 m without assistance (p < 0.05), and severe difficulty going up or down 12 stairs. Conclusions. From 2009 to 2017, Spanish older people worsened their PA levels and perception of their health status, and they increased their disease levels, which could be associated with the worsening of ability to walk in 2017.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases and the use of health services: analysis of the National Health Survey in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal ◽  
Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽  
Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess whether sex, education level, and health insurance affect the use of health services among the adult Brazilian population with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD). METHODS Data from a cross-sectional survey were analyzed, the National Health Survey (PNS). Frequency of use of services in the population that referred at least one NCD were compared with the frequency from a population that did not report NCD, according to sex, education level, health insurance, and NCD number (1, 2, 3, 4, or more). The prevalence and prevalence ratios were calculated crude and adjusted for sex, age, region, and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The presence of a noncommunicable disease was associated with increase in hospitalizations in the last 12 months, in 1.7 times (95%CI 1.53–1.9). Failing to perform usual activities in the last two weeks for health reasons was 3.1 times higher in NCD carriers (95%CI 2.78–3.46); while the prevalence of medical consultation in the last 12 months was 1.26 times higher (95%CI 1.24–1.28). NCD carriers make more use of health services, as well as women, people with higher number of comorbidities, with health insurance, and higher education level. CONCLUSIONS NCD carriers make more use of health services, as well as women, people with higher number of comorbidities, with health insurance, and higher education level.

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