scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Prescription Drug Misuse in a Nationwide Population Survey in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12961
Author(s):  
Shu-Wei Liu ◽  
Chia-Yi Wu ◽  
Ming-Been Lee ◽  
Ming-Chi Huang ◽  
Chia-Ta Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Self Rated Health

Background: Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a critical mental health issue relating to psychiatric morbidity. This study investigated the prevalence of PDM and its associated psychopathology and psychosocial factors in the general population in Taiwan. Methods: The survey randomly selected a representative sample >15 year-olds using the stratified proportional randomization method. The measurements included demographic variables, previous experience with PDM, self-rated physical and mental health, health self-efficacy, risk factors for suicidality, and psychological distress. Results: The weighted one-year prevalence of PDM was 8.5% (n = 180) among 2126 participants. Those with psychological distress and lifetime suicide ideation (23.3%) or suicide attempts (5.0%) were significantly associated with PDM. PDM was also prevalent among those with poorer self-rated health and lower self-efficacy. Insomnia (OR = 1.52), depression (OR = 1.77), and low self-efficacy (OR = 2.29) had higher odds of PDM after adjustment in the logistic regression model. Conclusions: Individuals who misused prescription drugs had a higher prevalence of psychological distress and suicidality and lower levels of self-rated health. Prescription drug misuse problems should be screened for early prevention when prescribing medications for people with insomnia, depression, or lower perceived health beliefs or conditions.

Integrating Theories of Gender and Sexuality With Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Misuse during Sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110098
Author(s):  
Laura C. Frizzell ◽  
Mike Vuolo ◽  
Brian C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Sexual Identities

Social scientists have expended substantial effort to identify group patterns of deviant behavior. Yet beyond the ill-conceived treatment of sexual minorities as inherently deviant, they have rarely considered how gendered sexual identities (GSIs) shape participation in deviance. We argue for the utility of centering theories of gender and sexuality in intersectional deviance research. We demonstrate how this intentional focus on gender and sexuality provides important empirical insights while avoiding past pitfalls of stigmatizing sexual minorities. Drawing on theories of hegemonic masculinity, emphasized femininity, and minority stress together with criminological general strain theory, we demonstrate how societal expectations and constraints generate strains among GSI groups that may lead to distinctly patterned deviance, using the case of prescription drug misuse during sex. We employ thematic analysis of 120 in-depth interviews with people who misuse prescription drugs, stratified by GSI. We identify six themes highlighting distinct pathways from strain to misuse during sex for different GSI groups: intimacy management, achieving sexual freedom, regulating sexual mood, performance confidence, increased sense of control, and managing sexual identity conflict. In this article, we demonstrate the empirical and theoretical importance of centering gender and sexuality in deviance research and provide a roadmap for theoretical integration.

scholarly journals Shared correlates of prescription drug misuse and severe suicide ideation among clinical patients at risk for suicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1287
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Logan ◽  
Allison M. Ertl ◽  
Whitney L. Rostad ◽  
Jeffrey H. Herbst ◽  
E. Ashby Plant
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Patients At Risk

scholarly journals Understanding Nonprescription and Prescription Drug Misuse in Late Adolescence/Young Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha A. Fleary ◽  
Robert W. Heffer ◽  
E. Lisako J. McKyer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Societal Stigma

This study explored the extent to which nonprescription and prescription drugs misuse among adolescents/young adults are related to their perception that it is safer than illicit drugs, ease of access, and lower societal stigma. Adolescents/young adults (; , ) completed an online survey about their nonprescription and prescription drug misuse, other substance use, and correlates of use. Perceived risk, societal stigma, and access to nonprescription and prescription drugs were predictive of misuse. Results support program planners working towards targeting perceived risk and societal stigma in reducing misuse and the need to restrict and monitor access to nonprescription and prescription drugs for adolescents/young adults.

scholarly journals Prescription Drug Misuse in “Clubbers” and Disco Goers in Ibiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo di Giannantonio ◽  
Attilio Negri ◽  
Stefania Schiavone ◽  
Chiara Vannini ◽  
Mauro Pettorruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Background: Prescription drug misuse and its related risks are considered a worldwide public health issue. Current trends show that the extent of such phenomenon may not be limited to subjects with psychiatric disorders, as it also spreads to dance party and nightclub attendees, who often consume prescription drugs in combination with alcohol and psychoactive substances. This study aims to report the sociodemographic data and the psychiatric and clinical features of a sample of clubbers reporting prescription drugs use.Methods: Patients admitted to the psychiatry ward of the Can Misses Hospital in Ibiza were recruited for the study during a span of four consecutive years (2015–2018). The inclusion criteria were age 18–75 years old and the intake of psychoactive substances or more than five alcohol units during the previous 24 h. Substance use habits, psychopathological features, and use of unprescribed pharmaceuticals were investigated. Urine samples were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results: A total of 110 subjects with psychoactive substance intoxication were recruited for the study. Among these, 37 (40%) disclosed the use of prescription drugs without medical supervision. The most common compounds were benzodiazepines (66%), antiepileptic drugs (8%), antidepressants (6%), opioids (6%), antipsychotics (6%), stimulants (6%), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 2%). Prescription drug misuse was negatively associated with the use of psychodysleptics (two-tailed Fisher's exact test p = 0.018, ρ = −0.262).Conclusions: The use of prescription drugs is also common among clubbers, usually characterized by low propensity to be prescribed benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, or antidepressants. Prescription drugs may be an alternative to classic and novel psychoactive compounds or may be used to tamper and self-medicate the effects determined by the use of substances. Party goers should be adequately informed about possible risks of co-intake of psychoactive substances and prescription drugs to prevent serious medical and psychiatric consequences.

scholarly journals Prescription drug misuse: quantifying the experiences of New Zealand GPs

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Sheridan ◽  
Sophie Jones ◽  
Trudi Aspden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Alternative Drug

INTRODUCTION: The misuse of prescription drugs for their psychoactive effects is an international problem. To date, there is a paucity of quantitative data on prescription drug misuse (PDM) in New Zealand, especially data investigating the experiences of general practitioners (GPs). AIM: To quantify GPs’ experiences regarding PDM in New Zealand in terms of the extent of the problem, challenges faced, problem drugs, and actions taken by GPs once PDM is suspected. METHOD: A cross-sectional postal survey of a random sample of 300 GPs in New Zealand was undertaken. RESULTS: A 45.7% response rate was achieved. Approximately two-thirds of GPs (65.9%) had diagnosed at least one patient with a PDM problem in the last 12 months. Thirty percent of respondents indicated that they had been faced with at least one challenge in the past 12 months, with ‘verbal threats’ being the most common of these (16.3%). Benzodiazepines and opioids were identified as the most problematic drug classes. The action usually taken by the greatest number of GPs once they suspected PDM was to ‘document it’ (97.9%) followed closely by ‘suggest an alternative drug’ (96.7%) and ‘refrain from prescribing the drug’ (91.9%). DISCUSSION: PDM is an issue for GPs. The findings from this study have highlighted the need for further research into this concerning issue, specifically further quantification of the size of the problem in the New Zealand general population. There is also a need for the development and implementation of interventions to help minimise and better manage PDM in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Prescription drugs; pharmaceutical; drug abuse; drug misuse; general practitioners; New Zealand; questionnaires; quantitative

scholarly journals Prevalence and Patterns of Prescription Drug Misuse among Young Ketamine Injectors

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Lankenau ◽  
Bill Sanders ◽  
Jennifer Jackson Bloom ◽  
Dodi S. Hathazi ◽  
Erica Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring

In recent years, epidemiological monitoring data has indicated sharp increases in prescription drug misuse. Despite these increases, little is known about the context or patterns associated with prescription drug misuse, particularly among youth or young injection drug users (IDUs). A three-city study of 213 young IDUs found prescription drug misuse to be pervasive, specifically the use of opioids and benzodiazepines. Particular practices not commonly associated with prescription drugs were reported, such as sniffing, smoking, and injection. Associated health risks included initiation into injection drug use, polydrug use, drug overdose, and drug dependency. A greater awareness of the potential health risks associated with prescription drug misuse should be incorporated into services that target IDUs, including street outreach, syringe exchanges, and drug treatment.

scholarly journals Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry H. Stewart ◽  
Annie Chinneck ◽  
Kara Thompson ◽  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Raquel Nogueira-Arjona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Health Symptoms

Background: Fifteen to 25-year-olds are the age group most likely to misuse prescription drugs. Few studies have tested theory-driven models of adolescent risk for prescription drug misuse. Moreover, rarely are distinct pathways to different forms of prescription drug misuse considered.Methods: We tested mediational paths from personality to mental health symptoms to prescription drug misuse, informed by etiological models of addiction. We specified pathways from particular personality traits to unique forms of prescription drug misuse via specific mental health symptoms. We used semi-longitudinal data collected across two waves of the Co-Venture Trial. Our sample included students from 31 Canadian high schools tested in Grade 9 (n = 3,024) and again in Grade 10 (n = 2,869; 95% retention). Personality (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, sensation seeking) was assessed in Grade 9. Mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, ADHD, conduct disorder) and prescription drug misuse (opioids, sedatives/tranquilizers, stimulants) were assessed at both time points.Results: Consistent with the negative affect regulation model, hopelessness was specifically associated with opioid misuse via depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity was specifically associated with sedative/tranquilizer misuse via anxiety symptoms. Consistent with positive affect regulation, sensation seeking was directly associated with stimulant misuse. Consistent with the psychological dysregulation model, impulsivity was associated with stimulant misuse via ADHD symptoms. And consistent with the deviance proneness model, impulsivity was also associated with unconstrained (i.e., all three forms of) prescription drug misuse via conduct disorder symptoms.Conclusions: Screening for adolescents high in hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking, or impulsivity and providing them with personality-matched cognitive-behavioral interventions may be helpful in preventing or mitigating prescription drug misuse. Our results point to the specific mental health symptoms that are important to target in each of these personality-matched interventions.

scholarly journals MisuMedPT - Morbi-mortality consequences of misuse of psychoactive prescription drugs in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Araújo ◽  
C Bulhosa ◽  
J Goulão ◽  
A P Martins
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Drug Poisoning

Abstract Background In Portugal, there are no published data on the health-related consequences of prescription drug misuse, which is therefore a public health issue of unknown dimension in our country. Poison control centres and other pharmacoepidemiological sources can be part of a surveillance system for monitoring medicine's use and misuse. Methods Retrospective observational study of intentional exposures to opioid analgesics, antiepileptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives reported to the Portuguese Poison Information Centre (CIAV) between 2014 and 2018. Variables studied were demographic characteristics of individuals, geographic distribution of calls, co-exposure to alcohol or illicit drugs, call origin, case evaluation and guidance. Results CIAV received 24624 calls reporting 34203 intentional exposures to any medicine, 31169 (91.1%) of which involving one of the studied psychoactive medicines and 20906 exposures having emergency room advice or effective hospitalisation. The most frequently involved medicines were benzodiazepines (62.0%) - alprazolam (15.4%) and diazepam (12.0%) - with trazodone ranking fifth (6.0%). Combination with non-medicinal products was seen in 2169 calls (9.4%), 2052 (94.6%) of which with alcohol. Conclusions There is female predominance in the poisonings reported involving any of the medicines studied. Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are the top classes reported. The rate of intentional exposures to psychoactive medicines is higher in Coimbra district, whose significant university student population requires further analysis of data. To adjust for the variability in the level of medicines' use in the population, work is undergoing to include rates of intentional poisonings in patients prescribed the studied medicines. To better characterise the potential consequences of misuse of psychoactive prescription drugs in Portugal, additional data on deaths involving these medicines will also be included in the project. Key messages First published Portuguese data on prescription drug poisoning reported to CIAV. First Portuguese project to analyse prescription drug poisoning, forensic and hospitalisation data.

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