scholarly journals Disease Progression Detection via Deep Sequence Learning of Successive Radiographic Scans

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Jamil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Malik ◽  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Badruddin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sequence Modeling ◽  
Severity Estimation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feature Extractor

The highly rapid spread of the current pandemic has quickly overwhelmed hospitals all over the world and motivated extensive research to address a wide range of emerging problems. The unforeseen influx of COVID-19 patients to hospitals has made it inevitable to deploy a rapid and accurate triage system, monitor progression, and predict patients at higher risk of deterioration in order to make informed decisions regarding hospital resource management. Disease detection in radiographic scans, severity estimation, and progression and prognosis prediction have been extensively studied with the help of end-to-end methods based on deep learning. The majority of recent works have utilized a single scan to determine severity or predict progression of the disease. In this paper, we present a method based on deep sequence learning to predict improvement or deterioration in successive chest X-ray scans and build a mathematical model to determine individual patient disease progression profile using successive scans. A deep convolutional neural network pretrained on a diverse lung disease dataset was used as a feature extractor to generate the sequences. We devised three strategies for sequence modeling in order to obtain both fine-grained and coarse-grained features and construct sequences of different lengths. We also devised a strategy to quantify positive or negative change in successive scans, which was then combined with age-related risk factors to construct disease progression profile for COVID-19 patients. The age-related risk factors allowed us to model rapid deterioration and slower recovery in older patients. Experiments conducted on two large datasets showed that the proposed method could accurately predict disease progression. With the best feature extractor, the proposed method was able to achieve AUC of 0.98 with the features obtained from radiographs. Furthermore, the proposed patient profiling method accurately estimated the health profile of patients.

Identifying Age-Related Risk Factors in COVID-19 Independent of Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Xie ◽  
De Chang ◽  
Linhai Li ◽  
Xiaohua Peng ◽  
Zhijian Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Prediction Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Lung Cancer

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Ann-Rong Yan ◽  
Indira Samarawickrema ◽  
Mark Naunton ◽  
Gregory M. Peterson ◽  
Desmond Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ambulatory Patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. Despite the availability of a wide range of anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients is a challenge due to its associated risk of haemorrhage. As a result, anticoagulation is only recommended in patients with a relatively high risk of VTE. Efforts have been made to develop predictive models for VTE risk assessment in cancer patients, but the availability of a reliable predictive model for ambulate patients with lung cancer is unclear. We have analysed the latest information on this topic, with a focus on the lung cancer-related risk factors for VTE, and risk prediction models developed and validated in this group of patients. The existing risk models, such as the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score and the CONKO score, have shown poor performance in external validations, failing to identify many high-risk individuals. Some of the newly developed and updated models may be promising, but their further validation is needed.

scholarly journals Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Yuqing He ◽  
Xingyuan Liu ◽  
Mingqian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective: To study the differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors, and complications across age-groups among the inpatients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this population-based retrospective study, we included all the positive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan City from December 29, 2019 to April 15, 2020, during the first pandemic wave. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for death from COVID-19. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to study the associations between comorbidities and complications.Results: There are 36,358 patients in the final cohort, of whom 2,492 (6.85%) died. Greater age (odds ration [OR] = 1.061 [95% CI 1.057–1.065], p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.726 [95% CI 1.582–1.885], p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.558 [95% CI 1.355–1.786], p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.326 [95% CI 1.055–1.652], p = 0.014), hypertension (OR = 1.175 [95% CI 1.067–1.293], p = 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.258 [95% CI 1.118–1.413], p < 0.001), cancer (OR = 1.86 [95% CI 1.507–2.279], p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.745 [95% CI 1.427–2.12], p < 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.323–2.846], p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. Patients aged 40–80 years make up the majority of the whole patients, and them had similar risk factors with the whole patients. For patients aged <40 years, only cancer (OR = 17.112 [95% CI 6.264–39.73], p < 0.001) and ICH (OR = 31.538 [95% CI 5.213–158.787], p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of death. For patients aged >80 years, only age (OR = 1.033 [95% CI 1.008–1.059], p = 0.01) and male gender (OR = 1.585 [95% CI 1.301–1.933], p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of death. The incidence of most complications increases with age, but arrhythmias, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis were more common in younger deceased patients with COVID-19, with only arrhythmia reaching statistical difference (p = 0.039). We found a relatively poor correlation between preexisting risk factors and complications.Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 are disproportionally affected by age for its clinical manifestations, risk factors, complications, and outcomes. Prior complications have little effect on the incidence of extrapulmonary complications.

scholarly journals The effect of age-related risk factors and comorbidities on white matter injury and repair after ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Xu ◽  
Michael M. Wang ◽  
Yanqin Gao ◽  
Richard F. Keep ◽  
Yejie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Effect Of Age

Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration associated genetic risk factors and 4-year progression data in the Irish population

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Connolly ◽  
Maedbh Rhatigan ◽  
Aisling M O’Halloran ◽  
Katherine Alyson Muldrew ◽  
Usha Chakravarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Soft Drusen

Background/aimsAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is estimated to affect 196 million people >50 years old globally. Prevalence of AMD-associated genetic risk factors and rate of disease progression are unknown in Ireland.MethodsPrevalence of AMD-associated genetic risk variants, complement factor H (CFH) rs1061170, age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) rs10490924, component 3 (C3) rs2230199, complement factor B (CFB) rs641153 and superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (SKIV2L) rs429608 and 4-year progression data in a population-representative cohort (The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA)) were assessed. 4473 participants ≥50 years were assessed. 4173 had no disease n=1843; 44% male and n=2330; 56% female, mean age 60±9.0, 300 had AMD n=136; 45% male and n=164; 55% female, mean age 64±9.0. A 4-year follow-up was undertaken with 66% of AMD cases attending. Progression and regression from early to late AMD were measured. Genetic association as indicators of disease and as predictors of progression were assessed by multinomial logistic regression.ResultsOlder age and the presence of CFH and ARMS2 risk alleles are two main risk factors associated with the prevalence of AMD in the TILDA cohort. 23% progressed to a higher grade of AMD. Carriers of CFH risk allele showed a strong association for disease progression. Heterozygosity for ARMS2 risk allele predicted progression to late AMD. 75% of those who progressed from early to late disease had soft drusen and hyperpigmentation at baseline.ConclusionsThe prevalence of risk-associated genes and 4-year progression rates of AMD in this Ireland cohort are comparable with other Caucasian populations. CFH Y402H is associated with disease progression, with soft drusen and hyperpigmentation as high-risk features.

scholarly journals Mammogram history in Nigerian women: Age-related risk factors for breast cancer and educational implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric O. Umeh ◽  
Kanayo F. Umeh ◽  
Uzoamaka R. Ebubedike ◽  
Chiamaka F. Ezeugbor ◽  
Chukwuziem N. Anene
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk

Background: Breast cancer accounts for 25% of diagnosed cancers and 20% of cancer-related mortality in women from sub-Saharan Africa. Given the early onset of breast cancer in African women, there is a need to better understand how age-related risk factors contribute to mammography uptake in this population.Aim: To identify age-related risk factors for breast cancer associated with previous uptake of mammograms in asymptomatic Nigerian women and consider implications for health education campaigns.Method: Participants comprised 544 asymptomatic Nigerian women (aged 28–75 years) responding to breast cancer public awareness campaigns, by presenting for baseline or screening mammography at a local hospital. Information about mammography history and age-related risk factors (menarche, menopausal and chronological age) were obtained by interviewing the participants face-to-face, before proceeding with mammography. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of previous mammograms based on the age-related risk factors.Results: The likelihood of previous mammography screening increased by a factor of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.14) for every year older chronologically and decreased by a factor of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.24–1.01) for every year older at menarche. Age at menarche partly mediated the relationship between chronological age and mammography history (effect = –0.01, 95% CI: –0.01, –0.00). Women with a history of breast cancer were 6.11 times more likely to have previously undertaken mammography screening (95% CI: 2.49–14.97). Age at menopause and age at first confinement were unrelated to mammography history.Conclusions: Nigerian women may recognise the need for mammograms because of adverse age-related risk factors for breast cancer, notably menarche and chronological age. However, awareness of menopausal age as a risk factor and basis for mammography screening may be deficient. It is therefore recommended that public awareness campaigns should emphasise the importance of older menopausal age in breast cancer risk and as a basis for requesting mammograms.

CLORETAZINE™ (VNP40101M) Is Active in Elderly Untreated Poor Risk Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) or High Risk Myelodysplasia (MDS).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2786-2786
Author(s):  
Francis Giles ◽  
Susan O’Brien ◽  
David Rizzieri ◽  
Judith Karp ◽  
Maureen Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Secondary Aml ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Elderly Aml

Abstract Background: The majority of patients (pts) with AML and high risk MDS are ≥ 60 years of age at diagnosis (median age 70), and have a poor prognosis due to age-related risk factors and disease biology. Commonly accepted risk factors in this population include age ≥ 60 yrs, ECOG PS ≥2, secondary AML, unfavorable cytogenetics, and organ dysfunction. The response rate with induction treatment for these pts is lower than that of their younger counterparts, and additional risk factors worsen prognosis. Hepatic, pulmonary, and/or cardiac compromise is likely to determine both selection and tolerance of the induction regimen, and these pts are often not considered for aggressive chemotherapy such as “3+7”. In the US, up to 70% of elderly AML/MDS pts do not receive induction treatment (Menzin, et al; Arch Int Med; 2002;162:1597). CLORETAZINE, a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, has significant activity in AML/MDS with a favorable safety profile. In an ongoing Phase II trial, pts with AML or high risk MDS, age ≥60 years, and no prior cytotoxic treatment, receive CLORETAZINE 600mg/m2 for remission induction, re-induction, and consolidation. Methods: This elderly pt population was analyzed for the presence of risk factors and underlying organ dysfunction. Pts were assessed according to the commonly accepted risk factors described above and categorized by number of factors present. Organ dysfunction was defined as hepatic abnormalities (elevated liver function tests), moderate/severe pulmonary compromise (grade 2–4 dyspnea by NCI-CTC Version 3.0 or dependence on oxygen), and/or a history of significant cardiac disease. Data was obtained from case report forms of baseline demographics, medical history, physical exam, and concomitant medications. Results: 105 pts with age ≥60 were enrolled as of April 21, 2005. Specific risk factors were as follows: 31 pts (30%) were PS 2; 36 pts (34%) had unfavorable cytogenetics; 43 pts (41%) had secondary AML. Forty-eight pts (46%) had cardiac dysfunction; 26 pts (25%) had hepatic disease; and 19 pts (18%) had pulmonary dysfunction. The response rate (CR+CRp) for the group as a whole was 31% (N=33). Non-hematologic toxicity was minimal, and the early death rate of 18% is within the range expected for cytotoxic induction regimens in the elderly AML population. The table below describes the risk categories for all patients, early deaths, and responders: # Risk Factors N [%] # CR/CRp (%) # Early Deaths (%) Age + 0 12 (11) 7 (58) 2 Age + 1 24 (23) 9 (38) 4 Age + 2 39 (37) 8 (21) 7 Age ≥3+ 30 (29) 9 (30) 6 Total 105 33 (31) 19 (18) Conclusions: According to risk assessment on the basis of age-related risk factors, the majority of the study pt population had multiple risk factors and represents a group for whom standard AML induction therapy may not be an option. In this elderly patient population with limited therapeutic options, CLORETAZINE is tolerable and results in a response rate of 31%.

scholarly journals Herbal Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 01-13
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

Background and aim: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of blindness and it has risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, or genetic characteristics. There is no certain cure for AMD till now, so it is very important to design new therapeutic agents or strategies for treatment of AMD. This literature review assessed the effects of different plants or herbal extracts on the retinal diseases such as AMD either for treatment or prevention of disease. Materials and methods: Fifteen studies were included in this literature review and assessed possible herbal treatments or preventions of AMD or its related diseases and risk factors. Results: From a wide range of medicinal plants, Artemisia annua contained artemisinin, Lycium barbarum, Fructus barbarum rich in carotenoids like zeaxanthin, Scutellaria baicalensis contained wogonin, saffron, rosemary contained carnosic acid, and Melissa officinalis are of the most important and beneficial medicinal plants that can be used for production and design of new drugs and therapeutics for AMD. They act via different mechanisms such as anti-oxidation, anti-VEGF, or anti-inflammatory actions. There are several other important herbal effective compounds for AMD, such as fisetin and luteolin that are polyphenols. Also, there are other herbal compounds such as HESA-A, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guibi-tang (GBT), Samul-tang (SMT), and Sipjeondaebo-tang (SDT) that are contained in several different beneficial medicinal plants and their extracts for AMD. Conclusion: There is a need for more investigations on these medicinal plants and their benefits on AMD, but they can be beneficial in lowering the risk of AMD or several other retinal diseases and prevention of them. For each mechanism included in AMD pathogenesis, one or more medicinal plant is introduced in this review.

scholarly journals The Age-Related Risk of Severe Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Romero Starke ◽  
Gabriela Petereit-Haack ◽  
Melanie Schubert ◽  
Daniel Kämpf ◽  
Alexandra Schliebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Effect Of Age

Increased age appears to be a strong risk factor for COVID-19 severe outcomes. However, studies do not sufficiently consider the age-dependency of other important factors influencing the course of disease. The aim of this review was to quantify the isolated effect of age on severe COVID-19 outcomes. We searched Pubmed to find relevant studies published in 2020. Two independent reviewers evaluated them using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted the results and assessed seven domains of bias for each study. After adjusting for important age-related risk factors, the isolated effect of age was estimated using meta-regression. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria: four studies for COVID-19 disease severity, seven for mortality, and one for admission to ICU. The crude effect of age (5.2% and 13.4% higher risk of disease severity and death per age year, respectively) substantially decreased when adjusting for important age-dependent risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease/cerebrovascular disease, compromised immunity, previous respiratory disease, renal disease). Adjusting for all six comorbidities indicates a 2.7% risk increase for disease severity (two studies), and no additional risk of death per year of age (five studies). The indication of a rather weak influence of age on COVID-19 disease severity after adjustment for important age-dependent risk factors should be taken in consideration when implementing age-related preventative measures (e.g., age-dependent work restrictions).

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