scholarly journals The Janus Role of Adhesion in Chondrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignasi Casanellas ◽  
Anna Lagunas ◽  
Yolanda Vida ◽  
Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa ◽  
José A. Andrades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Tissue Adhesive ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Fluorescence Live Cell Imaging

Tackling the first stages of the chondrogenic commitment is essential to drive chondrogenic differentiation to healthy hyaline cartilage and minimize hypertrophy. During chondrogenesis, the extracellular matrix continuously evolves, adapting to the tissue adhesive requirements at each stage. Here, we take advantage of previously developed nanopatterns, in which local surface adhesiveness can be precisely tuned, to investigate its effects on prechondrogenic condensation. Fluorescence live cell imaging, immunostaining, confocal microscopy and PCR analysis are used to follow the condensation process on the nanopatterns. Cell tracking parameters, condensate morphology, cell–cell interactions, mechanotransduction and chondrogenic commitment are evaluated in response to local surface adhesiveness. Results show that only condensates on the nanopatterns of high local surface adhesiveness are stable in culture and able to enter the chondrogenic pathway, thus highlighting the importance of controlling cell–substrate adhesion in the tissue engineering strategies for cartilage repair.

scholarly journals The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 190314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rizzelli ◽  
Maria Grazia Malabarba ◽  
Sara Sigismund ◽  
Marina Mapelli
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Spindle Positioning ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Extracellular Signalling

Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell–substrate adhesion, cell–cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.

scholarly journals The Role of Mitotic Cell-Substrate Adhesion Re-modeling in Animal Cell Division

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-145.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Dix ◽  
Helen K. Matthews ◽  
Marina Uroz ◽  
Susannah McLaren ◽  
Lucie Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

Formins and VASPs may co-operate in the formation of filopodia

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schirenbeck ◽  
R. Arasada ◽  
T. Bretschneider ◽  
M. Schleicher ◽  
J. Faix
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Binding Partner ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
Parallel Arrays ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

Filopodia are finger-like cell protrusions composed of parallel arrays of actin filaments, which elongate through actin polymerization at their tips. These highly dynamic structures seem to be used by many cell types as sensing organs to explore environmental cues and have been implicated in cell motility as well as in cell–substrate adhesion. Formins are highly conserved multidomain proteins that play important roles in the nucleation of actin and the formation of linear actin filaments, yet their role in filopodia formation has remained poorly defined. The Dictyostelium diaphanous-related formin dDia2 is strongly enriched in filopodia tips. Genetic and biochemical analysis revealed that this protein is important for cell migration and cell adhesion, but most importantly for the formation of filopodia. Recently, we have identified the Dictyostelium VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) orthologue as a binding partner of dDia2 and provide evidence for a co-operative role of both proteins in filopodia formation.

scholarly journals Regulation of epithelial cell organization by tuning cell–substrate adhesion

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1228-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ravasio ◽  
Anh Phuong Le ◽  
Thuan Beng Saw ◽  
Victoria Tarle ◽  
Hui Ting Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

Combining live cell imaging, particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations, we show the role of extracellular matrix and intercellular adhesion on the expansion of epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Regulation of cell-substrate adhesion by proteoglycans immobilized on extracellular substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (14) ◽  
pp. 8012-8018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamagata ◽  
S Suzuki ◽  
S K Akiyama ◽  
K M Yamada ◽  
K Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

scholarly journals A GTPase controls cell-substrate adhesion in Xenopus XTC fibroblasts.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Symons ◽  
T J Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Control Cell ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Cell Contractility ◽  
Cell Rounding ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Adhesive Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Gamma S

Cell-substrate adhesion is crucial at various stages of development and for the maintenance of normal tissues. Little is known about the regulation of these adhesive interactions. To investigate the role of GTPases in the control of cell morphology and cell-substrate adhesion we have injected guanine nucleotide analogs into Xenopus XTC fibroblasts. Injection of GTP gamma S inhibited ruffling and increased spreading, suggesting an increase in adhesion. To further investigate this, we made use of GRGDSP, a peptide which inhibits binding of integrins to vitronectin and fibronectin. XTC fibroblasts injected with non-hydrolyzable analogs of GTP took much more time to round up than mock-injected cells in response to treatment with GRGDSP, while GDP beta S-injected cells rounded up in less time than controls. Injection with GTP gamma S did not inhibit cell rounding induced by trypsin however, showing that cell contractility is not significantly affected by the activation of GTPases. These data provide evidence for the existence of a GTPase which can control cell-substrate adhesion from the cytoplasm. Treatment of XTC fibroblasts with the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate reduced cell spreading and accelerated cell rounding in response to GRGDSP, which is essentially opposite to the effect exerted by non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways controlling cell-substrate adhesion in XTC fibroblasts, one depending on a GTPase and another one involving protein kinase C.

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