scholarly journals Oxidative Stress as an Important Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pleńkowska ◽  
Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska ◽  
Paweł Mozolewski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction

This review discusses how oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and decreased concentration/activity of antioxidants affect the pathogenesis or cause the enhancement of psoriasis (Ps). Here, we also consider how ROS/RNS-induced stress modulates the activity of transcriptional factors and regulates numerous protein kinase cascades that participate in the regulation of crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis, and regeneration. Answers to these questions will likely uncover novel strategies for the treatment of Ps. Action in the field will avoid destructive effects of ROS/RNS-mediated OS resulting in cellular dysfunction and cell death. The combination of the fragmentary information on the role of OS can provide evidence to extend the full picture of Ps.

Effects of polyphenols in aging and neurodegeneration associated with oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Rivas ◽  
Carlos Poblete-Aro ◽  
María Elsa Pando ◽  
María José Allel ◽  
Valentina Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Over Time

: Aging is defined as the functional loss of tissues and organs over time. This is a biological, irreversible, progressive, and universal process that results from genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, and exposure to toxins, among others. Aging is a consequence of molecular and cellular damage built up over time. This damage begins with a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, thus increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Neuronal, functional, and structural damage can be explained by an imbalance among free radicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and antioxidants, which finally lead to oxidative stress. Due to the key role of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species, antioxidant therapy may reduce the oxidative damage associated with neurodegeneration. Exogenous antioxidants are molecules that may help maintain the balance between the formation and elimination of free radicals, thus protecting the cell from their toxicity. Among them, polyphenols are a broad group of secondary plant metabolites with potent antioxidant properties. Here, we review several studies that show the potential role of polyphenol consumption to prevent, or slow down, harmful oxidative processes linked to neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Peroxiredoxin 3 Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Pyroptosis Through the Regulation of Mitochondrial ROS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Zhecheng Wang ◽  
Ruimin Sun ◽  
Boyang Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Peroxiredoxin 3

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), but its hepatoprotective capacity in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PRX3 in the regulation of pyroptosis during APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. We demonstrated that pyroptosis occurs in APAP-induced liver injury accompanied by intense oxidative stress and inflammation, and liver specific PRX3 silencing aggravated the initiation of pyroptosis and liver injury after APAP intervention. Notably, excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was observed to trigger pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was ameliorated by Mito-TEMPO treatment, indicating that the anti-pyroptotic role of PRX3 relies on its powerful ability to regulate mtROS. Overall, PRX3 regulates NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury by targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress.

scholarly journals A Role for COX20 in Tolerance to Oxidative Stress and Programmed Cell Death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Keerthiraju ◽  
Du ◽  
Tucker ◽  
Greetham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Respiratory Growth ◽  
Pre Treatment

Industrial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials (LCM′s) is reliant on a microorganism being tolerant to the stresses inherent to fermentation. Previous work has highlighted the importance of a cytochrome oxidase chaperone gene (COX20) in improving yeast tolerance to acetic acid, a common inhibitory compound produced during pre-treatment of LCM’s. The presence of acetic acid has been shown to induce oxidative stress and programmed cell death, so the role of COX20 in oxidative stress was determined. Analysis using flow cytometry revealed that COX20 expression was associated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hydrogen peroxide and metal-induced stress, and there was a reduction in apoptotic and necrotic cells when compared with a strain without COX20. Results on the functionality of COX20 have revealed that overexpression of COX20 induced respiratory growth in Δimp1 and Δcox18, two genes whose presence is essential for yeast respiratory growth. COX20 also has a role in protecting the yeast cell against programmed cell death.

Redox signaling: thiol chemistry defines which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can act as second messengers

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. C246-C256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Jay Forman ◽  
Jon M. Fukuto ◽  
Martine Torres
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Signaling Components

Except for the role of NO in the activation of guanylate cyclase, which is well established, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in signal transduction remains controversial, despite a large body of evidence suggestive of their participation in a variety of signaling pathways. Several problems have limited their acceptance as signaling molecules, with the major one being the difficulty in identifying the specific targets for each pathway and the chemical reactions supporting reversible oxidation of these signaling components, consistent with a second messenger role for ROS and RNS. Nevertheless, it has become clear that cysteine residues in the thiolate (i.e., ionized) form that are found in some proteins can be specific targets for reaction with H2O2 and RNS. This review focuses on the chemistry of the reversible oxidation of those thiolates, with a particular emphasis on the critical thiolate found in protein tyrosine phosphatases as an example.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Modulators and Functional Foods

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Junsei Taira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species

Many years of research have seen the investigation of natural antioxidants and dietary supplements as functional foods with the potential to prevent oxidative stress due to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [...]

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