scholarly journals “Betwixt Mine Eye and Heart a League Is Took”: The Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Based Models of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Rovina ◽  
Elisa Castiglioni ◽  
Francesco Niro ◽  
Sara Mallia ◽  
Giulio Pompilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The ultimate goal of precision disease modeling is to artificially recreate the disease of affected people in a highly controllable and adaptable external environment. This field has rapidly advanced which is evident from the application of patient-specific pluripotent stem-cell-derived precision therapies in numerous clinical trials aimed at a diverse set of diseases such as macular degeneration, heart disease, spinal cord injury, graft-versus-host disease, and muscular dystrophy. Despite the existence of semi-adequate treatments for tempering skeletal muscle degeneration in dystrophic patients, nonischemic cardiomyopathy remains one of the primary causes of death. Therefore, cardiovascular cells derived from muscular dystrophy patients’ induced pluripotent stem cells are well suited to mimic dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy and hold great promise for the development of future fully effective therapies. The purpose of this article is to convey the realities of employing precision disease models of dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy. This is achieved by discussing, as suggested in the title echoing William Shakespeare’s words, the settlements (or “leagues”) made by researchers to manage the constraints (“betwixt mine eye and heart”) distancing them from achieving a perfect precision disease model.

scholarly journals NRF2 is required for structural and metabolic maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ardiomyocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Liang Ye ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Bin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract Background Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and in drugs screening. Despite displaying key cardiomyocyte phenotypic characteristics, they more closely resemble fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes and are still immature; these cells mainly rely on glucose as a substrate for metabolic energy, while mature cardiomyocytes mainly employ oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids. Studies showed that the alteration of metabolism pattern from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation improve the maturity of hiPSC-CMs. As a transcription factor, accumulating evidences showed the important role of NRF2 in the regulation of energy metabolism, which directly regulates the expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Therefore, we hypothesized that NRF2 is involved in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Methods The morphological and functional changes related to mitochondria and cell maturation were analyzed by knock-down and activation of NRF2. Results The results showed that the inhibition of NRF2 led to the retardation of cell maturation. The activation of NRF2 leads to a more mature hiPSC-CMs phenotype, as indicated by the increase of cardiac maturation markers, sarcomere length, calcium transient dynamics, the number and fusion events of mitochondria, and mitochondrial respiration. Bioinformatics analysis showed that in addition to metabolism-related genes, NRF2 also activates the expression of myocardial ion channels. Conclusions These findings indicated that NRF2 plays an important role in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. The present work provides greater insights into the molecular regulation of hiPSC-CMs metabolism and theoretical basis in drug screening, disease modeling, and alternative treatment.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Automated Quality Identification of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colony Images

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Joutsijoki ◽  
Markus Haponen ◽  
Jyrki Rasku ◽  
Katriina Aalto-Setälä ◽  
Martti Juhola
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ips Cell ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The focus of this research is on automated identification of the quality of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colony images. iPS cell technology is a contemporary method by which the patient’s cells are reprogrammed back to stem cells and are differentiated to any cell type wanted. iPS cell technology will be used in future to patient specific drug screening, disease modeling, and tissue repairing, for instance. However, there are technical challenges before iPS cell technology can be used in practice and one of them is quality control of growing iPSC colonies which is currently done manually but is unfeasible solution in large-scale cultures. The monitoring problem returns to image analysis and classification problem. In this paper, we tackle this problem using machine learning methods such as multiclass Support Vector Machines and several baseline methods together with Scaled Invariant Feature Transformation based features. We perform over 80 test arrangements and do a thorough parameter value search. The best accuracy (62.4%) for classification was obtained by using ak-NN classifier showing improved accuracy compared to earlier studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Functional Human Skeletal Myotubes and Neuromuscular Junction Derived—From the Same Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Xiufang Guo ◽  
Agnes Badu-Mensah ◽  
Michael C. Thomas ◽  
Christopher W. McAleer ◽  
James J. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Type I ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

In vitro generation of functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) utilizing the same induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) source for muscle and motoneurons would be of great value for disease modeling and tissue engineering. Although, differentiation and characterization of iPSC-derived motoneurons are well established, and iPSC-derived skeletal muscle (iPSC-SKM) has been reported, there is a general lack of systemic and functional characterization of the iPSC-SKM. This study performed a systematic characterization of iPSC-SKM differentiated using a serum-free, small molecule-directed protocol. Morphologically, the iPSC-SKM demonstrated the expression and appropriate distribution of acetylcholine, ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptors. Fiber type analysis revealed a mixture of human fast (Type IIX, IIA) and slow (Type I) muscle types and the absence of animal Type IIB fibers. Functionally, the iPSC-SKMs contracted synchronously upon electrical stimulation, with the contraction force comparable to myofibers derived from primary myoblasts. Most importantly, when co-cultured with human iPSC-derived motoneurons from the same iPSC source, the myofibers contracted in response to motoneuron stimulation indicating the formation of functional NMJs. By demonstrating comparable structural and functional capacity to primary myoblast-derived myofibers, this defined, iPSC-SKM system, as well as the personal NMJ system, has applications for patient-specific drug testing and investigation of muscle physiology and disease.

scholarly journals Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Afford New Opportunities in Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Bayzigitov ◽  
Sergey P. Medvedev ◽  
Elena V. Dementyeva ◽  
Sevda A. Bayramova ◽  
Evgeny A. Pokushalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Fundamental studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis are required to create more effective and safer methods of their therapy. The studies can be carried out only when model systems that fully recapitulate pathological phenotype seen in patients are used. Application of laboratory animals for cardiovascular disease modeling is limited because of physiological differences with humans. Since discovery of induced pluripotency generating induced pluripotent stem cells has become a breakthrough technology in human disease modeling. In this review, we discuss a progress that has been made in modeling inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, studying molecular mechanisms of the diseases, and searching for and testing drug compounds using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

scholarly journals Nrf2 is required for structural and metabolic maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Liang Ye ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Bin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract Background Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and in vitro screening. Despite displaying key cardiomyocyte phenotypic characteristics, they more closely resemble fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes and are still immature, these cells mainly rely on glucose as a substrate for metabolic energy, while mature cardiomyocytes mainly employ oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids. Studies showed that the alteration of metabolism pattern from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation improve the maturity of hiPSC-CMs. As a transcription factor, accumulating evidences showed the important role of Nrf2 in the regulation of energy metabolism, which directly regulates the expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nrf2 is involved in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Methods The morphological and functional changes related to mitochondria and cell maturation were analyzed by knock-down and activation of Nrf2. Results The results showed that the inhibition of Nrf2 led to the retardation of cell maturation. The activation of Nrf2 leads to a more mature hiPSC-CMs phenotype, as indicated by the increase of cardiac maturation markers, sarcomere length, calcium transient dynamics, the number and fusion events of mitochondria, and mitochondrial respiration. Bioinformatics analysis showed that in addition to metabolism-related genes, Nrf2 also activates the expression of myocardial ion channels. Conclusions These findings indicated that Nrf2 plays an important role in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. The present work provides greater insights into the molecular regulation of hiPSC-CM metabolism and theoretical basis in drug screening, disease modeling and alternative treatment.

scholarly journals Differentiation, Evaluation, and Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Endothelial Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Chang-Hyun Gil ◽  
Mervin C. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Human Ipsc

The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology paves the way to generate large numbers of patient-specific endothelial cells (ECs) that can be potentially delivered for regenerative medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the last decade, numerous protocols that differentiate EC from iPSC have been developed by many groups. In this review, we will discuss several common strategies that have been optimized for human iPSC-EC differentiation and subsequent studies that have evaluated the potential of human iPSC-EC as a cell therapy or as a tool in disease modeling. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of using in vivo vessel-forming ability and in vitro clonogenic colony–forming potential as a gold standard with which to evaluate the quality of human iPSC-EC derived from various protocols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document