scholarly journals The Diverse Roles of TAO Kinases in Health and Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Chih-Yeu Fang ◽  
Tsung-Ching Lai ◽  
Michael Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Chan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Jnk Cascade ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Thousand and one kinases (TAOKs) are members of the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. Three members of this subfamily, TAOK1, 2, and 3, have been identified in mammals. It has been shown that TAOK1, 2 and 3 regulate the p38 MAPK and Hippo signaling pathways, while TAOK 1 and 2 modulate the SAPK/JNK cascade. Furthermore, TAOKs are involved in additional interactions with other cellular proteins and all of these pathways modulate vital physiological and pathophysiological responses in cells and tissues. Dysregulation of TAOK-related pathways is implicated in the development of diseases including inflammatory and immune disorders, cancer and drug resistance, and autism and Alzheimer’s diseases. This review collates current knowledge concerning the roles of TAOKs in protein–protein interaction, signal transduction, physiological regulation, and pathogenesis and summarizes the recent development of TAOK-specific inhibitors that have the potential to ameliorate TAOKs’ effects in pathological situations.

scholarly journals CZK3, a MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase Homolog in Cercospora zeae-maydis, Regulates Cercosporin Biosynthesis, Fungal Development, and Pathogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Bo Shim ◽  
Larry D. Dunkle
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Cercospora Zeae Maydis ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase

The fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis causes gray leaf spot of maize and produces cercosporin, a photosensitizing perylenequinone with toxic activity against a broad spectrum of organisms. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathway or factors that regulate cercosporin production. Analysis of a cDNA subtraction library comprised of genes that are up-regulated during cercosporin synthesis revealed a sequence highly similar to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in other fungi. Sequencing and conceptual translation of the full-length genomic sequence indicated that the gene, which we designated CZK3, contains a 4,119-bp open reading frame devoid of introns and encodes a 1,373-amino acid sequence that is highly similar to Wis4, a MAP kinase kinase kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Targeted disruption of CZK3 suppressed expression of genes predicted to participate in cercosporin biosynthesis and abolished cercosporin production. The disrupted mutants grew faster on agar media than the wild type but were deficient in conidiation and elicited only small chlorotic spots on inoculated maize leaves compared with rectangular necrotic lesions incited by the wild type. Complementation of disruptants with the CZK3 open reading frame and flanking sequences restored wild-type levels of conidiation, growth rate, and virulence as well as the ability to produce cercosporin. The results suggest that cercosporin is a virulence factor in C. zeae-maydis during maize pathogenesis, but the pleiotropic effects of CZK3 disruption precluded definitive conclusions.

scholarly journals The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Promises

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Ángel Ortega ◽  
Ivana Vera ◽  
Maria P. Diaz ◽  
Carla Navarro ◽  
Milagros Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned biological effects. Overexpression of YAP/TAZ has been reported in cancer stem cells and tumor resistance. The resistance involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ pathways’ role in carcinogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Potential therapeutic alternatives are also discussed.

scholarly journals Silencing PsKPP4 , a MAP kinase kinase kinase gene, reduces pathogenicity of the stripe rust fungus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2590-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguo Zhu ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Fuxin He ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chenglong Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase

scholarly journals Hippo signaling in the kidney: the good and the bad

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. F241-F248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny S. Wong ◽  
Kristin Meliambro ◽  
Justina Ray ◽  
Kirk N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Kinase Cascade ◽  
Barrier Regulation ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade, playing multiple roles in embryonic development that controls organ size, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. At the center of this network lie the Hippo kinase target and downstream pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog TAZ. In its phosphorylated form, cytoplasmic YAP is sequestered in an inactive state. When it is dephosphorylated, YAP, a potent oncogene, is activated and relocates to the nucleus to interact with a number of transcription factors and signaling regulators that promote cell growth, differentiation, and survival. The identification of YAP activation in human cancers has made it an attractive target for chemotherapeutic drug development. Little is known to date about the function of the Hippo pathway in the kidney, but that is rapidly changing. Recent studies have shed light on the role of Hippo-YAP signaling in glomerular and lower urinary tract embryonic development, maintenance of podocyte homeostasis, the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, regulation of renal tubular cyst growth, renal epithelial injury in diabetes, and renal fibrogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the Hippo-YAP signaling axis in the kidney under normal and disease conditions.

The ScFRK2 MAP kinase kinase kinase from Solanum chacoense affects pollen development and viability

Planta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O’Brien ◽  
Madoka Gray-Mitsumune ◽  
Christelle Kapfer ◽  
Charles Bertrand ◽  
Daniel P. Matton
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase Kinase
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document