scholarly journals Oxygen Transport during Ex Situ Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers Using Red Blood Cells or Artificial Oxygen Carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Silke B. Bodewes ◽  
Otto B. van Leeuwen ◽  
Adam M. Thorne ◽  
Bianca Lascaris ◽  
Rinse Ubbink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Oxygenated ex situ machine perfusion of donor livers is an alternative for static cold preservation that can be performed at temperatures from 0 °C to 37 °C. Organ metabolism depends on oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate and temperatures below 37 °C reduce the metabolic rate and oxygen requirements. The transport and delivery of oxygen in machine perfusion are key determinants in preserving organ viability and cellular function. Oxygen delivery is more challenging than carbon dioxide removal, and oxygenation of the perfusion fluid is temperature dependent. The maximal oxygen content of water-based solutions is inversely related to the temperature, while cellular oxygen demand correlates positively with temperature. Machine perfusion above 20 °C will therefore require an oxygen carrier to enable sufficient oxygen delivery to the liver. Human red blood cells are the most physiological oxygen carriers. Alternative artificial oxygen transporters are hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbons, and an extracellular oxygen carrier derived from a marine invertebrate. We describe the principles of oxygen transport, delivery, and consumption in machine perfusion for donor livers using different oxygen carrier-based perfusion solutions and we discuss the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of these carriers and their use.

scholarly journals Reply to “Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion of donor livers using a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier: a viable alternative to red blood cells”

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov ◽  
Filippo Leoni ◽  
Marcel André Schneider ◽  
Dustin Becker ◽  
Xavier Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Normothermic Machine Perfusion

scholarly journals Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion of donor livers using a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier: a viable alternative to red blood cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne de Vries ◽  
Otto B. van Leeuwen ◽  
Alix P. M. Matton ◽  
Masato Fujiyoshi ◽  
Vincent E. de Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Normothermic Machine Perfusion

scholarly journals Perfusion settings and additives in liver normothermic machine perfusion with red blood cells as oxygen carrier. A systematic review of human and porcine perfusion protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov ◽  
Filippo Leoni ◽  
Marcel André Schneider ◽  
Dustin Becker ◽  
Xavier Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Normothermic Machine Perfusion

scholarly journals Human Red Blood Cells as Oxygen Carriers to Improve Ex-Situ Liver Perfusion in a Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Dondossola ◽  
Alessandro Santini ◽  
Caterina Lonati ◽  
Alberto Zanella ◽  
Riccardo Merighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Rbcs

Ex-situ machine perfusion (MP) has been increasingly used to enhance liver quality in different settings. Small animal models can help to implement this procedure. As most normothermic MP (NMP) models employ sub-physiological levels of oxygen delivery (DO2), the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of different DO2, using human red blood cells (RBCs) as oxygen carriers on metabolic recovery in a rat model of NMP. Four experimental groups (n = 5 each) consisted of (1) native (untreated/control), (2) liver static cold storage (SCS) 30 min without NMP, (3) SCS followed by 120 min of NMP with Dulbecco-Modified-Eagle-Medium as perfusate (DMEM), and (4) similar to group 3, but perfusion fluid was added with human RBCs (hematocrit 15%) (BLOOD). Compared to DMEM, the BLOOD group showed increased liver DO2 (p = 0.008) and oxygen consumption ( V O ˙ 2) (p < 0.001); lactate clearance (p < 0.001), potassium (p < 0.001), and glucose (p = 0.029) uptake were enhanced. ATP levels were likewise higher in BLOOD relative to DMEM (p = 0.031). V O ˙ 2 and DO2 were highly correlated (p < 0.001). Consistently, the main metabolic parameters were directly correlated with DO2 and V O ˙ 2. No human RBC related damage was detected. In conclusion, an optimized DO2 significantly reduces hypoxic damage-related effects occurring during NMP. Human RBCs can be safely used as oxygen carriers.

Engineered Red Blood Cells with Modified Oxygen Transport Properties: A New Oxygen Carrier

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 667-668
Author(s):  
Mc. Villereal ◽  
M. Jrade ◽  
C. Bailleul ◽  
B. Teisseire ◽  
M. Chassaigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Carrier

scholarly journals A Novel Oxygen Carrier (M101) Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries during Static Cold Storage in Steatotic Livers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8542
Author(s):  
Njikem Asong-Fontem ◽  
Arnau Panisello-Rosello ◽  
Alexandre Lopez ◽  
Katsunori Imai ◽  
Franck Zal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Lactate Levels

The combined impact of an increasing demand for liver transplantation and a growing incidence of nonalcoholic liver disease has provided the impetus for the development of innovative strategies to preserve steatotic livers. A natural oxygen carrier, HEMO2life®, which contains M101 that is extracted from a marine invertebrate, has been used for static cold storage (SCS) and has shown superior results in organ preservation. A total of 36 livers were procured from obese Zucker rats and randomly divided into three groups, i.e., control, SCS-24H and SCS-24H + M101 (M101 at 1 g/L), mimicking the gold standard of organ preservation. Ex situ machine perfusion for 2 h was used to evaluate the quality of the livers. Perfusates were sampled for functional assessment, biochemical analysis and subsequent biopsies were performed for assessment of ischemia-reperfusion markers. Transaminases, GDH and lactate levels at the end of reperfusion were significantly lower in the group preserved with M101 (p < 0.05). Protection from reactive oxygen species (low MDA and higher production of NO2-NO3) and less inflammation (HMGB1) were also observed in this group (p < 0.05). Bcl-1 and caspase-3 were higher in the SCS-24H group (p < 0.05) and presented more histological damage than those preserved with HEMO2life®. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the addition of HEMO2life® to the preservation solution significantly protects steatotic livers during SCS by decreasing reperfusion injury and improving graft function.

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