scholarly journals CaSR-Mediated hBMSCs Activity Modulation: Additional Coupling Mechanism in Bone Remodeling Compartment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Hyunji Cho ◽  
Jisoo Lee ◽  
Seoyoung Jang ◽  
Jungsun Lee ◽  
Tong In Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Calcium Concentration

Near the bone remodeling compartments (BRC), extracellular calcium concentration (Ca2+o) is locally elevated and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) close to the BRC can be exposed to high calcium concentration. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to play a key role in maintaining extracellular calcium homeostasis by sensing fluctuations in the levels of extracellular calcium (Ca2+o). When human BMSCs (hBMSCs) were exposed to various calcium concentrations (1.8, 3, 5, 10, 30 mM), moderate-high extracellular calcium concentrations (3–5 mM) stimulated proliferation, while a high calcium concentration (30 mM) inhibited the proliferation. Exposure to various calcium concentrations did not induce significant differences in the apoptotic cell fraction. Evaluation of multi-lineage differentiation potential showed no significant difference among various calcium concentration groups, except for the high calcium concentration (30 mM) treated group, which resulted in increased calcification after in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Treatment of NPS2143, a CaSR inhibitor, abolished the stimulatory effect on hBMSCs proliferation and migration indicating that CaSR is involved. These results suggest that the calcium concentration gradient near the BRC may play an important role in bone remodeling by acting as an osteoblast–osteoclast coupling mechanism through CaSR.

Deficiencies in extrusion of the second polar body due to high calcium concentrations during in vitro fertilization in inbred C3H/He mice

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ohta ◽  
Yoshikazu Nagao ◽  
Naojiro Minami ◽  
Satoshi Tsukamoto ◽  
Seiji Kito
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytoskeletal Organization ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Concentration ◽  
Second Polar Body

SummarySuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) of all inbred strains of laboratory mice has not yet been accomplished. We have previously shown that a high calcium concentration improved IVF in various inbred mice. However, we also found that in cumulus-free ova of C3H/He mice such IVF conditions significantly increased the deficiency of extrusion of the second polar body (PBII) in a dose-dependent manner (2% at 1.71 mM and 29% at 6.84 mM, P < 0.05) and that PBII extrusion was affected by high calcium levels at 2–3 h post-insemination. While developmental competence of ova without PBII extrusion to blastocysts after 96 h culture was not affected, a significant reduction in the nuclear number of the inner cell mass was observed in blastocyst fertilized under high calcium condition. We also examined how high calcium concentration during IVF affects PBII extrusion in C3H/He mice. Cumulus cells cultured under high calcium conditions showed a significantly alleviated deficient PBII extrusion. This phenomenon is likely to be specific to C3H/He ova because deficient PBII extrusion in reciprocal fertilization between C3H and BDF1 gametes was observed only in C3H/He ova. Sperm factor(s) was still involved in deficient PBII extrusion due to high calcium concentrations, as this phenomenon was not observed in ova activated by ethanol. The cytoskeletal organization of ova without PBII extrusion showed disturbed spindle rotation, incomplete formation of contractile ring and disturbed localization of actin, suggesting that high calcium levels affect the anchoring machinery of the meiotic spindle. These results indicate that in C3H/He mice high calcium levels induce abnormal fertilization, i.e. deficient PBII extrusion by affecting the cytoskeletal organization, resulting in disturbed cytokinesis during the second meiotic division. Thus, use of high calcium media for IVF should be avoided for this strain.

INHIBITORY ACTION OF CALCIUM ON THE INACTIVATION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE BY RAT KIDNEY SLICES

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Thorn ◽  
N. B. S. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Medulla ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
High Calcium Concentration ◽  
Cellular Permeability

ABSTRACT Increasing the calcium concentration 5 times or more in the medium used for studying the inactivation of arginine-vasopressin by rat kidney medulla slices caused a marked inhibition of the inactivating activity of such slices. This effect was not found in homogenates of rat kidney medulla. The results are in agreement with the interpretation that the high calcium concentration decreased the cellular permeability to the hormone. This would seem to give a rational explanation of the vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus which is found in hypercalcaemia.

Effects of high calcium levels on the disturbed extrusion of the second polar body during in vitro fertilization in C3H/He mouse substrains

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Y. Ohta-Takada ◽  
Y. Nagao ◽  
S. Kito
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Second Polar Body

SummaryWe previously reported that high concentrations (≥3.42 mM) of calcium during in vitro fertilization (IVF) disturbed the extrusion of the second polar body (PBII) in C3H/He inbred mice. In this study, the substrain specificity of this phenomenon was examined under 1.71–6.84 mM calcium concentration in ova from six C3H/He mouse commercially available substrains in Japan. PBII extrusion in ova from J substrains was not affected by calcium concentrations (<10% at any calcium level), but was grossly disturbed at high calcium levels in the ova of other substrains. This result has practical applications for the efficient production of normal zygotes by IVF, therefore contributing to the reduction in the numbers of donor animals for further zygote or embryo manipulation. Care must be taken in choosing IVF medium for particular strains and substrains.

High Calcium Concentration in Water Increases Mortality of Salmon and Trout Eggs

1988 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. George Ketola ◽  
D. Longacre ◽  
A. Greulich ◽  
L. Phetterplace ◽  
R. Lashomb
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Concentration

Calcium effect on fermentative hydrogen production in an anaerobic up-flow sludge blanket system

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-Y. Chang ◽  
C.-Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Effect ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

The effects of calcium ions on a granular fermentative hydrogen production system were investigated in four lab-scale UASB reactors that fed on sucrose (20 g COD/L). The reactors were seeded with anaerobic sewage sludge microflora and operated at a temperature of 35±1°, pH of 6.7 with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24–6 h. The experimental results indicated that calcium ion addition (75∼150 mg/L) could enhance the granulation and elevate hydrogen production efficiency. However, an overly-high calcium concentration (300 mg-Ca+2/L) deteriorated the hydrogen productivity. A calcium concentration of 150 mg-Ca+2/L resulted in a peak HP of 3.6 mol H2/mol-sucrose and HPR of 807 mmol-H2/L-d at HRTs of 8 and 6 h, respectively. The EPS concentration of biohydrogenic biomass was higher than that of the aerobic or methanogenic biomass. The protein/carbon-ratio ranged from 0.17 to 0.26%. The multinomial regression analysis shows that the 75∼150 mg-Ca+2/L calcium concentrations and HRT of 6 h were the optimal operating conditions to efficiently produce hydrogen.

Effects of extracellular calcium on low frequency induced potentiation and habituation in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Turner ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Hippocampal Slice ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Population Spike ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Frequency Potentiation

The electrophysiological characteristics of frequency potentiation and habituation were investigated in two afferent systems of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Low frequency stimulation (1 Hz) of the Schaffer collateral – commissural (Sch–comm) fibers results in a short-term potentiation of the amplitude and rate of rise of the EPSP and population spike responses recorded in the CA1 region. In contrast, 1-Hz stimulation of the perforant path (PP) evokes a short-term, habituation-like depression of the dentate granule cell EPSP and population spike. An inverse relationship was observed between stimulus intensity and the magnitude of frequency potentiation or habituation. Changes in afferent fiber volleys or general excitability of postsynaptic membranes did not contribute significantly to the development of either of these forms of short-term plasticity. Perfusion with a medium containing a high calcium – low magnesium concentration (4 mM Ca+2 and 1 mM Mg+2) produced a differential effect on CA1 and dentate evoked potentials. Following a 20-min exposure to this medium, the amplitude of CA1 potentials was increased while dentate responses were decreased. Frequency potentiation of CA1 responses and habituation of dentate responses were depressed or eliminated by the high calcium medium.The opposing influence of extracellular calcium on CA1 and dentate evoked potentials indicates a fundamental difference in the process of transmitter release in these systems, a characteristic that may contribute to the production of frequency potentiation and habituation.

scholarly journals High calcium concentration in bones promotes bone metastasis in renal cell carcinomas expressing calcium-sensing receptor

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Joeckel ◽  
Tobias Haber ◽  
Dirk Prawitt ◽  
Kerstin Junker ◽  
Christian Hampel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Concentration

Effect of vitamin D and dietary calcium on parathyroid activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Y. W. Au ◽  
Lawrence G. Raisz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Normal Calcium

The effects of variations in vitamin D and calcium intake on parathyroid weight and amino acid uptake were studied in vivo. D-deficient rats on low or normal calcium intake developed hypocalcemia, parathyroid enlargement, and increased parathyroid uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). D-deficient rats fed a high-calcium diet and D-treated rats fed a normal-calcium diet had normal serum calcium concentrations, smaller parathyroids, and lower parathyroid uptake of AIB. When serum calcium concentration of vitamin D-deficient rats was increased acutely by vitamin D treatment, dietary lactose, or injection of calcium, parathyroid uptake of AIB decreased. Low-calcium medium stimulated and high-calcium medium suppressed AIB uptake of parathyroids from vitamin D-deficient rats in vitro. Parathyroids from vitamin D-deficient rats secreted bone-resorbing material in tissue cultures. The data indicate that both size and functional activity of rat parathyroids are inversely related to serum calcium concentration, and do not depend on the presence or absence of vitamin D.

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