scholarly journals Late Health Effects of Partial Body Irradiation Injury in a Minipig Model Are Associated with Changes in Systemic and Cardiac IGF-1 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Bernadette Hritzo ◽  
Saeed Y. Aghdam ◽  
Betre Legesse ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Maohua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence demonstrate non-cancer, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of ionizing radiation exposure including growth hormone deficiency, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling perturbations are implicated in development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The minipig is an emerging model for studying radiation effects given its high analogy to human anatomy and physiology. Here we use a minipig model to study late health effects of radiation by exposing male Göttingen minipigs to 1.9–2.0 Gy X-rays (lower limb tibias spared). Animals were monitored for 120 days following irradiation and blood counts, body weight, heart rate, clinical chemistry parameters, and circulating biomarkers were assessed longitudinally. Collagen deposition, histolopathology, IGF-1 signaling, and mRNA sequencing were evaluated in tissues. Our findings indicate a single exposure induced histopathological changes, attenuated circulating IGF-1, and disrupted cardiac IGF-1 signaling. Electrolytes, lipid profiles, liver and kidney markers, and heart rate and rhythm were also affected. In the heart, collagen deposition was significantly increased and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) was induced following irradiation; collagen deposition and fibrosis were also observed in the kidney of irradiated animals. Our findings show Göttingen minipigs are a suitable large animal model to study long-term effects of radiation exposure and radiation-induced inhibition of IGF-1 signaling may play a role in development of late organ injuries.

Results of the 65th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 11–14 June, 2018)

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
В. Уйба ◽  
V. Uyba ◽  
А. Аклеев ◽  
A. Akleev ◽  
Т. Азизова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Dose Radiation

Current paper is devoted to the main outcomes of the 64th UNSCEAR Session which took place in Vienna during 10 – 14 June 2018. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: - Biological mechanisms influencing health effects from low-dose radiation exposure. - Developments since the 2013 UNSCEAR report on the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident following the great East-Japan earthquake and tsunami: review of 2016 scientific literature including an evaluation of thyroid cancer data in regions affected by the Chernobyl accident. - Exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. - Exposure of workers to ionizing radiation. - Selected evaluations of health effects and of risk inference due to radiation exposure. - Lung cancer from exposure to radon and to penetrating radiation. In the course of the discussion, some organizational issues such as preparation of UNSCEAR publications, feasibility of establishing standing working groups, public outreach activities, future research program, report to the General Assembly etc., were considered.

scholarly journals Serum Proteins as New Biomarkers for Whole-Body Exposure to High- and Low-LET Ionizing Radiation

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582091417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Wei ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
Xiu Feng ◽  
Junrui Hua ◽  
Kaiqin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Igfbp 3

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a major threat to human health and public security. Since the inherent limitations of current methods for indicating radiation exposure, new minimally invasive biomarkers that can be easily and quickly detected at an early stage are needed for optimal medical treatment. Serum proteins are attractive biomarkers and some radiosensitive proteins have been found, but the proteins in response to low-dose and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation have not been reported. In this study, mice were whole body exposed to a variety doses of carbon ions and X-rays. We performed Mouse Antibody Array to detect serum proteins expression profiles at 24 hours postirradiation. After conditional screening, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After exposure to 0.05 to 1 Gy of carbon ions and 0.5 to 4 Gy of X-rays, only IGFBP-3 showed obvious increase with increased doses, both carbon ions and X-rays. Further, IGFBP-3 was detected for observation of its time-dependent changes. The results showed the expression difference of IGFBP-3 presented from 6 to 24 hours post-irradiation by carbon ions and X-rays. Moreover, the receiver–operating characteristic analysis showed that serum IGFBP-3 is efficient to triage exposed individuals with high sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that serum IGFBP-3 is extremely sensitive to high- and low-LET ionizing radiation and is able to respond at an early stage, which could serve as a novel minimally invasive indicator for radiation exposure.

Health effects of radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Geleijns ◽  
J. J. Broerse ◽  
M. J. P. Brugmans
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

scholarly journals The Fluoroscopic Technique for Monitoring Distraction of a Non-Invasive Lengthening Device in Early Onset Scoliosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thakar ◽  
S. Sonecha ◽  
D. Rolton ◽  
C. Nnadi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Growing Rod ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rod System ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Study Design: Prospective non-randomised. Objective: To evaluate radiation exposure using fluoroscopy compared to x-rays in the monitoring of a growing rod system. Background: The integrity of implants in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is usually monitored with repeated plain x-rays. The cumulative dosage of ionizing radiation may be high. Children are highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of radiation and have a longer life span in which to reflect this risk. Fluoroscopy is commonly used to obtain focused images in other areas of orthopaedics. It has the advantage of less radiation intensity due to flash exposure. We have used fluoroscopy to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system in the treatment of EOS. We report on the results. Methods: The technique was initially refined in vitro by performing an audit in which 10 radiographers screened a phantom spine (Plastic dummy) with an implanted non - invasive growing rod device. Pulse rate setting was 3. Average exposure time was 0.01 seconds. Average radiation dose was 0.04 μGym2. A plain x-ray of the same phantom spine yielded a radiation dose of 0.5 μGym2. Radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was compared to that received using plain radiographs in ten consecutive patients treated for EOS. There were 8 males and 2 females. Average age 5.2 years. Results: Mean radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was 0.0046 mSv compared to an average radiation exposure of 0.115 mSv using standard x-rays (p<0.003). Mean cancer induction risk was calculated to potentially reduce from 1:225,000 to 1:4.9 million. Conclusion: We would recommend fluoroscopy as a useful technique to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system due to the significantly smaller radiation exposure.

Intention to Return and Perception of the Health Risk Due to Radiation Exposure Among Residents in Tomioka Town, Fukushima Prefecture, Stratified by Gender and Generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hitomi Matsunaga ◽  
Makiko Orita ◽  
Yasuyuki Taira ◽  
Takashi Kudo ◽  
Hisayoshi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Older Males

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify residents’ intentions to return (ITR) to Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture; and their risk perception of the health effects of radiation exposure as stratified by gender and generation. Methods: Of almost 8000 residents who were 20 years of age or older and who had lived, prior to the accident, in the zones of Tomioka town where residents were permitted to return, 1860 were included in the analysis. For the analysis, the residents were divided into 4 groups which were stratified by gender and age: older males (over 50 years), young males (20−49 years), older females (over 50 years), and young females (20−49 years). Results: ITR was found to be significantly lower in young males, young females, and older females than in older males. Conversely, young and older females had significantly higher levels of anxiety about drinking tap water and consuming food collected in Tomioka town. Young and older females also had greater concerns about adverse health effects on themselves and their offspring due to living in Tomioka town. Conclusion: Our results showed that special attention should be paid to younger residents, particularly to young females, with regard to recovery from a nuclear disaster.

scholarly journals Wound Trauma Exacerbates Acute, but not Delayed, Effects of Radiation in Rats: Mitigation by Lisinopril

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Meetha Medhora ◽  
Tracy Gasperetti ◽  
Ashley Schamerhorn ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Jayashree Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Combined Injuries

The goal of this study is to understand and mitigate the effects of wounds on acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), for preparedness against a radiological attack or accident. Combined injuries from concomitant trauma and radiation are likely in these scenarios. Either exacerbation or mitigation of radiation damage by wound trauma has been previously reported in preclinical studies. Female WAG/RijCmcr rats received 13 Gy X-rays, with partial-body shielding of one leg. Within 2 h, irradiated rats and non-irradiated controls were given full-thickness skin wounds with or without lisinopril, started orally 7 days after irradiation. Morbidity, skin wound area, breathing interval and blood urea nitrogen were measured up to 160 days post-irradiation to independently evaluate wound trauma and DEARE. Wounding exacerbated morbidity in irradiated rats between 5 and 14 days post-irradiation (during the ARS phase), and irradiation delayed wound healing. Wounding did not alter delayed morbidities from radiation pneumonitis or nephropathy after 30 days post-irradiation. Lisinopril did not mitigate wound healing, but markedly decreased morbidity during DEARE from 31 through 160 days. The results derived from this unique model of combined injuries suggest different molecular mechanisms of injury and healing of ARS and DEARE after radiation exposure.

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