scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Products in Europe—A Review of an Underestimated Problem of Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4132
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska ◽  
Anna Wiela-Hojeńska
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines

Currently in Europe, despite the many advances in production technology of synthetic drugs, the interest in natural herbal medicines continues to increase. One of the reasons for their popular use is the assumption that natural equals safe. However, herbal medicines contain pharmacologically active ingredients, some of which have been associated with adverse effects. Kidneys are particularly susceptible to injury induced by toxins, including poisonous constituents from medicinal plants. The most recognized herb-induced kidney injury is aristolochic acid nephropathy connected with misuse of certain Traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Data concerning nephrotoxicity of plant species of European origin are scarce. Here, we critically review significant data of the nephrotoxicity of several plants used in European phytotherapy, including Artemisia herba-alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Euphorbia paralias, and Aloe). Causative mechanisms and factors predisposing to intoxications from the use of herbs are discussed. The basic intention of this review is to improve pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine, especially in patients with chronic kidney diseases.

Efficacy and Safety of CAM in Kidney Diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 156-200
Author(s):  
Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai ◽  
Chatchai Kreepala ◽  
Li-Chia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

The evidence of benefits and safety of complementary and alternative medicine for kidney diseases are still dubious to both practitioners and general public. Chinese herbal medicines are the main CAM in treating chronic kidney disease as an adjunctive therapy to conventional medicine. Several meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CHM reported that Astragalus and Cordyceps seem to have a beneficial effect on the kidneys. Acupuncture, yoga and aromatherapy may alleviate symptoms in patients with ESRD, such as pain, anxiety and pruritus. This evidence should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the RCTs of CAM, i.e., small sample sizes, unclear randomisation and blinding. Acute kidney injury is the common nephropathy caused by herbal and dietary supplements, e.g. aristolochic acid. Dietary supplements may induce uncontrolled hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced CKD. Unregistered herbal products from India and China may be adulterated by conventional medicines and heavy metals, which could cause AKI.

Efficacy and Safety of CAM in Kidney Diseases

2022 ◽  
pp. 840-871
Author(s):  
Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai ◽  
Chatchai Kreepala ◽  
Li-Chia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

The evidence of benefits and safety of complementary and alternative medicine for kidney diseases are still dubious to both practitioners and general public. Chinese herbal medicines are the main CAM in treating chronic kidney disease as an adjunctive therapy to conventional medicine. Several meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CHM reported that Astragalus and Cordyceps seem to have a beneficial effect on the kidneys. Acupuncture, yoga and aromatherapy may alleviate symptoms in patients with ESRD, such as pain, anxiety and pruritus. This evidence should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the RCTs of CAM, i.e., small sample sizes, unclear randomisation and blinding. Acute kidney injury is the common nephropathy caused by herbal and dietary supplements, e.g. aristolochic acid. Dietary supplements may induce uncontrolled hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced CKD. Unregistered herbal products from India and China may be adulterated by conventional medicines and heavy metals, which could cause AKI.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Diseases and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With COVID-19: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzhong Zhou ◽  
Qidong Ren ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Qiao Jin ◽  
Quexuan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases

scholarly journals CO-Releasing Molecule-2 Prevents Acute Kidney Injury through Suppression of ROS-Fyn-ER Stress Signaling in Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Jeewon Jeong ◽  
Eun Seon Pak ◽  
Hunjoo Ha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis

Acute kidney injury (AKI) most commonly appears in critically ill patients in hospitals. AKI is characterized as a quick deterioration of kidney function and has recently been identified to be tightly interlinked with chronic kidney diseases. The emerging major mediators of AKI include oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) attenuates oxidative stress and ER stress in various cells, while Fyn, a member of the Src kinase family, is activated by oxidative stress and contributes to ER stress in skeletal muscle. Considering these, the objective of the current research was to determine (i) the involvement of Fyn in ER stress-mediated AKI and (ii) the effect of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) Fyn-ER stress-mediated AKI. Pretreatment with CORM2 (30 mg/kg) efficiently inhibited LPS (30 mg/kg)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular apoptosis during AKI in C57BL/6J mice. Also, CORM2 efficiently suppressed the activation of Fyn and ER stress in AKI mice. Consistently, pretreatment with CORM2 inhibited oxidative stress, Fyn activation, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in LPS- or H2O2-stimulated proximal epithelial tubular cells. Fyn inhibition using siRNA or an inhibitor (PP2) significantly attenuated ER stress responses in the cells. These data suggest that CORM2 may become a potential treatment option against ROS-Fyn-ER stress-mediated AKI.

Autophagy in Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Autophagy Pathway

Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic program for the turnover of cellular organelles and proteins, in which double-membraned vesicles (autophagosomes) sequester cytoplasmic cargos, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence implicates autophagy as an important modulator of human disease. Macroautophagy and selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy, aggrephagy) can influence cellular processes, including cell death, inflammation, and immune responses, and thereby exert both adaptive and maladaptive roles in disease pathogenesis. Autophagy has been implicated in acute kidney injury, which can arise in response to nephrotoxins, sepsis, and ischemia/reperfusion, and in chronic kidney diseases. The latter includes comorbidities of diabetes and recent evidence for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–associated kidney injury. Roles of autophagy in polycystic kidney disease and kidney cancer have also been described. Targeting the autophagy pathway may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of kidney disorders.

scholarly journals Aquaporins in Renal Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhao He ◽  
Baoxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Concentration Function ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Transmembrane Channels ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
And Function ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of highly selective transmembrane channels that mainly transport water across the cell and some facilitate low-molecular-weight solutes. Eight AQPs, including AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, AQP7, and AQP11, are expressed in different segments and various cells in the kidney to maintain normal urine concentration function. AQP2 is critical in regulating urine concentrating ability. The expression and function of AQP2 are regulated by a series of transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation. Mutation or functional deficiency of AQP2 leads to severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Studies with animal models show AQPs are related to acute kidney injury and various chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Experimental data suggest ideal prospects for AQPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinic. This review article mainly focuses on recent advances in studying AQPs in renal diseases.

scholarly journals Recent advances in renal hypoxia: insights from bench experiments and computer simulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. F162-F165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita T. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hypoxic Injury ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Recent Advances

The availability of oxygen in renal tissue is determined by the complex interactions among a host of processes, including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, arterial-to-venous oxygen shunting, medullary architecture, Na+ transport, and oxygen consumption. When this delicate balance is disrupted, the kidney may become susceptible to hypoxic injury. Indeed, renal hypoxia has been implicated as one of the major causes of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of renal hypoxia; some of these studies were published in response to a recent Call for Papers of this journal: Renal Hypoxia.

scholarly journals Macrophage Phenotype in Kidney Injury and Repair

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Meng ◽  
Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Yao Lan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Injury ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
And Function

Background: Glomerular and interstitial macrophage infiltration is a feature for both the acute and chronic kidney diseases. Macrophages have been shown to play a diverse role in kidney injury and repair. Thus, macrophages may be a key cell type in acute and chronic kidney injury and repair. Summary and Key Messages: During renal inflammation, circulating monocytes are recruited and then become activated and polarized. By adapting to the local microenvironment, macrophages can differentiate into different phenotypes and function as a double-bladed sword in different stages of kidney disease. In general, M1 macrophages play a pathogenic role in boosting inflammatory renal injury, whereas M2 macrophages exert an anti-inflammatory and wound healing (or profibrotic) role during renal repair. In this review, we highlight the phenotypic polarization of macrophages in renal diseases and dissect their distinct functions in renal injury and repair processes, respectively. Moreover, the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms on the phenotypic switch and macrophage-related therapy are also intensively discussed.

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