scholarly journals Tumor Vessels Fuel the Fire in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6514
Author(s):  
Sara Rosińska ◽  
Julie Gavard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Sprouting Angiogenesis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Vascular Mimicry

Glioblastoma, a subset of aggressive brain tumors, deploy several means to increase blood vessel supply dedicated to the tumor mass. This includes typical program borrowed from embryonic development, such as vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis, as well as unconventional processes, including co-option, vascular mimicry, and transdifferentiation, in which tumor cells are pro-actively engaged. However, these neo-generated vascular networks are morphologically and functionally abnormal, suggesting that the vascularization processes are rather inefficient in the tumor ecosystem. In this review, we reiterate the specificities of each neovascularization modality in glioblastoma, and, how they can be hampered mechanistically in the perspective of anti-cancer therapies.

scholarly journals DDEL-03. LONG-TERM INTRAVENTRICULAR THERAPY ALTERNATING ETOPOSIDE AND LIPOSOMAL CYTARABINE: EXPERIENCE IN 75 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii284-iii284
Author(s):  
Natalia Stepien ◽  
Andreas Peyrl ◽  
Amedeo Azizi ◽  
Johannes Gojo ◽  
Lisa Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Intrathecal Therapy ◽  
Liposomal Cytarabine ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Slow Release Formulation ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract BACKGROUND Malignant brain tumors of childhood carry a high risk for leptomeningeal dissemination and tumor cells floating in the CSF are often not amenable to systemic and/or antiangiogenic chemotherapy. We report on our experience with an intraventricular therapy consisting of alternating cycles of liposomal cytarabine and etoposide. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2004 and 2017, 75 patients aged 0.6 to 22 years (median 11) with various malignant brain tumors received intraventricular etoposide 0.25mg (<1year) - 0.5mg on five consecutive days alternating with liposomal cytarabine at a dose of 25mg (<3 years) - 50mg via an Ommaya reservoir. RESULTS 5533 doses of etoposide (5–277/patient, median 141) corresponding to 1–56 five-day-cycles/patient alternating with 534 doses of liposomal cytarabine (1–21/patient, median 11) were administered. Treatment was given over a period of 1 – 146 months (median 73.5). Toxicities did occur but were infrequent and mostly mild. Since all patients received some sort of concurrent anti-cancer therapy, the efficacy of intrathecal therapy cannot be assessed independently. However, 29/75 patients are still alive, and none of the patients had tumor cells in the CSF at their last evaluation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, alternating intraventricular liposomal cytarabine and etoposide produced responses and proved to be an important adjunct for patients receiving drugs with a low penetrance into the CSF. Since production of liposomal cytarabine was discontinued in 2017 it remains to be determined whether substitution of the slow release formulation by aqueous cytarabine on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 may produce similar results.

scholarly journals Oncolytic animal viruses and their applications in anti-cancer therapies

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Marcin Chodkowski ◽  
Joanna Cymerys ◽  
Anna Słońska ◽  
Marcin W. Bańbura
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death in Poland and in the world. The low efficacy of conventional treatment, as well as the high toxicity of the usual therapies, have stimulated the search for alternative methods. One of them is the deployment of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic viruses have a natural ability to lyse tumor cells or can obtain this ability through certain modifications. The aim of virotherapy is to discover a virus that will lyse only tumor cells, and will not be dangerous to healthy cells, and moreover will not cause an undesirable response from the host’s immune system. Animal viruses with oncolytic abilities are very promising, because they are not pathogenic for humans and often show a high specificity for human cancerous cells.

scholarly journals Bacterial-Based Cancer Therapy (BBCT): Recent Advances, Current Challenges, and Future Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Kajal H. Gupta ◽  
Christina Nowicki ◽  
Eileena F. Giurini ◽  
Amanda L. Marzo ◽  
Andrew Zloza
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Anti Cancer

Currently approximately 10 million people die each year due to cancer, and cancer is the cause of every sixth death worldwide. Tremendous efforts and progress have been made towards finding a cure for cancer. However, numerous challenges have been faced due to adverse effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies, including toxicity to non-cancerous cells, the inability of drugs to reach deep tumor tissue, and the persistent problem of increasing drug resistance in tumor cells. These challenges have increased the demand for the development of alternative approaches with greater selectivity and effectiveness against tumor cells. Cancer immunotherapy has made significant advancements towards eliminating cancer. Our understanding of cancer-directed immune responses and the mechanisms through which immune cells invade tumors have extensively helped us in the development of new therapies. Among immunotherapies, the application of bacteria and bacterial-based products has promising potential to be used as treatments that combat cancer. Bacterial targeting of tumors has been developed as a unique therapeutic option that meets the ongoing challenges of cancer treatment. In comparison with other cancer therapeutics, bacterial-based therapies have capabilities for suppressing cancer. Bacteria are known to accumulate and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment and initiate antitumor immune responses. We are currently well-informed regarding various methods by which bacteria can be manipulated by simple genetic engineering or synthetic bioengineering to induce the production of anti-cancer drugs. Further, bacterial-based cancer therapy (BBCT) can be either used as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies for better clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances, current challenges, and prospects of bacteria and bacterial products in the development of BBCTs.

ANTICANCER EFFECT OF UVARIA GENUS

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Thi Bich Hien Le ◽  
Viet Duc Ho ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Cancer Activity

Nowadays, cancer treatment has been a big challenge to healthcare systems. Most of clinical anti-cancer therapies are toxic and cause adverse effects to human body. Therefore, current trend in science is seeking and screening of natural compounds which possess antineoplastic activities to utilize in treatment. Uvaria L. - Annonaceae includes approximately 175 species spreading over tropical areas of Asia, Australia, Africa and America. Studies on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Uvaria showed that several compound classes in this genus such as alkaloid, flavonoid, cyclohexen derivaties, acetogenin, steroid, terpenoid, etc. indicate considerable biological activities, for example anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Specifically, anti-cancer activity of fractions of extract and pure isolated compounds stands out for cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. This study provides an overview of anti-cancer activity of Uvaria and suggests a potential for further studies on seeking and developing novel anti-cancer compounds. Key words: Anti-cancer, Uvaria.

LOCAL HYPERTHERMIA IN TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
A. Ryabova ◽  
O. Gribova ◽  
V. Novikov ◽  
E. Choinzonov ◽  
Zh. Starceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Local Hyperthermia ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Unsatisfactory results of complex treatment for malignant brain tumors stimulate search of new effective methods of treatment. Radiation therapy is an integral part of the combined treatment but often does not influence lethally on resistant tumor cells. Thereby in recent decades there has been an active search for different modifiers, which can increase the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the universal sensitizers is the local hyperthermia. Experimental data showed that the effect of high temperatures had both a direct damaging effect on tumor cells and a sensitizing effect. The literature review given in the article provides an overview of the existing methods of the local hyperthermia for brain tumors treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document