scholarly journals Sex-Specific Effects of Plastic Caging in Murine Viral Myocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8834
Author(s):  
Katelyn A. Bruno ◽  
Logan P. Macomb ◽  
A. Carolina Morales-Lara ◽  
Jessica E. Mathews ◽  
J. Augusto Frisancho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Heart Disease ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natural Hormones ◽  
Control Water

Background: Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease caused by viral infections that can lead to heart failure, and occurs more often in men than women. Since animal studies have shown that myocarditis is influenced by sex hormones, we hypothesized that endocrine disruptors, which interfere with natural hormones, may play a role in the progression of the disease. The human population is exposed to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) from plastics, such as water bottles and plastic food containers. Methods: Male and female adult BALB/c mice were housed in plastic versus glass caging, or exposed to BPA in drinking water versus control water. Myocarditis was induced with coxsackievirus B3 on day 0, and the endpoints were assessed on day 10 post infection. Results: We found that male BALB/c mice that were exposed to plastic caging had increased myocarditis due to complement activation and elevated numbers of macrophages and neutrophils, whereas females had elevated mast cell activation and fibrosis. Conclusions: These findings show that housing mice in traditional plastic caging increases viral myocarditis in males and females, but using sex-specific immune mechanisms.

scholarly journals Mast Cells and COVID-19: a case report implicating a role of mast cell activation in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Brock ◽  
Anne Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a heterogeneous syndrome following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the upper respiratory tract. ln adults, the clinical condition can range from asymptomatic cases to severe acute respiratory syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction. Those at risk of developing COVID-19 related hyperinflammatory syndrome likely had an ineffective, innate immune response to this novel pathogen. Mast cells are associated with the epithelium, contributing to tissue homeostasis and epithelial barrier defense. Equipped with an array of pathogen receptors, mast cells exhibit distinct cytokine profiles, dependent on the tissue and the triggered pathogen receptors. Following viral infections, mast cells produce pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and these cytokines has been shown to be elevated in severe COVID-19 cases. Here, we present a case of a patient with a longstanding history of signs and symptoms, worrisome for a mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), but never had laboratory confirmation of this non-clonal mast cell activation disorder, until she contracted COVID-19. This case illustrates the need to recognize the rate of mast cell activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, not only to optimize anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, including the development of vaccine, but to potentially curb the risk of SARS­ CoV-2 triggered hyperinflammatory syndrome.

Animal studies supporting the inhibition of mast cell activation by Eriobotrya japonica seed extract

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Onogawa ◽  
Guangchen Sun ◽  
Daisuke Takuma ◽  
Atsuhide Hamada ◽  
Junko Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica

scholarly journals Mast Cells and COVID-19: a case report implicating a role of mast cell activation in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Brock ◽  
Anne Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a heterogeneous syndrome following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the upper respiratory tract. ln adults, the clinical condition can range from asymptomatic cases to severe acute respiratory syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction. Those at risk of developing COVID-19 related hyperinflammatory syndrome likely had an ineffective, innate immune response to this novel pathogen. Mast cells are associated with the epithelium, contributing to tissue homeostasis and epithelial barrier defense. Equipped with an array of pathogen receptors, mast cells exhibit distinct cytokine profiles, dependent on the tissue and the triggered pathogen receptors. Following viral infections, mast cells produce pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and these cytokines has been shown to be elevated in severe COVID-19 cases. Here, we present a case of a patient with a longstanding history of signs and symptoms, worrisome for a mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), but never had laboratory confirmation of this non-clonal mast cell activation disorder, until she contracted COVID-19. This case illustrates the need to recognize the rate of mast cell activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, not only to optimize anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, including the development of vaccine, but to potentially curb the risk of SARS­ CoV-2 triggered hyperinflammatory syndrome.

Animal studies supporting the inhibition of mast cell activation byEriobotrya japonicaseed extract

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Onogawa ◽  
Guangchen Sun ◽  
Daisuke Takuma ◽  
Atsuhide Hamada ◽  
Junko Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mast Cell Activation

scholarly journals SEVERE COVID-19 IS MARKED BY DYSREGULATED SERUM LEVELS OF CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A3 AND SEROTONIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Soria-Castro ◽  
Yatsiri G. Meneses-Preza ◽  
Gloria M. Rodríguez López ◽  
Sandra Romero-Ramírez ◽  
Víctor A. Sosa-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Reactive Protein

AbstractThe immune response plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranging from protection to tissue damage. This is observed in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome when elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines are detected. Several cells of the immune response are implied in this dysregulated immune response including innate immune cells and T and B cell lymphocytes. Mast cells are abundant resident cells of the respiratory tract, able to rapidly release different inflammatory mediators following stimulation. Recently, mast cells have been associated with tissue damage during viral infections, but little is known about their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study we examined the profile of mast cell activation markers in the serum of COVID-19 patients. We noticed that SARS-CoV-2 infected patients showed increased carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), and decreased serotonin levels in their serum. CPA3 levels correlated with C-reactive protein, the number of circulating neutrophils and quick SOFA. CPA3 in serum was a good biomarker for identifying severe COVID-19 patients, while serotonin was a good predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, our results show that serum CPA3 and serotonin levels are relevant biomarkers during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that mast cells are relevant players in the inflammatory response in COVID-19, might represent targets for therapeutic intervention.

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