Two TGA Transcription Factor Members from Hyper-Susceptible Soybean Exhibiting Significant Basal Resistance to Soybean mosaic virus

TGA transcription factors (TFs) exhibit basal resistance in Arabidopsis, but susceptibility to a pathogen attack in tomatoes; however, their roles in soybean (Glycine max) to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) are unknown. In this study, 27 TGA genes were isolated from a SMV hyper-susceptible soybean NN1138-2, designated GmTGA1~GmTGA27, which were clustered into seven phylogenetic groups. The expression profiles of GmTGAs showed that the highly expressed genes were mainly in Groups I, II, and VII under non-induction conditions, while out of the 27 GmTGAs, 19 responded to SMV-induction. Interestingly, in further transient N. benthamiana-SMV pathosystem assay, all the 19 GmTGAs overexpressed did not promote SMV infection in inoculated leaves, but they exhibited basal resistance except one without function. Among the 18 functional ones, GmTGA8 and GmTGA19, with similar motif distribution, nuclear localization sequence and interaction proteins, showed a rapid response to SMV infection and performed better than the others in inhibiting SMV multiplication. This finding suggested that GmTGA TFs may support basal resistance to SMV even from a hyper-susceptible source. What the mechanism of the genes (GmTGA8, GmTGA19, etc.) with basal resistance to SMV is and what their potential for the future improvement of resistance to SMV in soybeans is, are to be explored.

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Heterologous Expression of CLIBASIA_03915/CLIBASIA_04250 by Tobacco Mosaic Virus Resulted in Phloem Necrosis in the Senescent Leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1414 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Xiaobao Ying ◽

Lina Shang ◽

Bryce Redfern ◽

Nicholas Kypraios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Nuclear Localization Sequence ◽

Localization Sequence ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Phloem Necrosis ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Green Fluorescent

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is the most notorious citrus disease worldwide. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) is a phloem-restricted bacterium associated with HLB. Because there is no mutant library available, the pathogenesis of CaLas is obscure. In this study, we employed tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to express two mature secretion proteins CLIBASIA_03915 (m03915) and CLIBASIA_04250 (m04250) in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). Phloem necrosis was observed in the senescent leaves of N. benthamiana that expressed the two low molecular weight proteins, while no phloem necrosis was observed in the plants that expressed the control, green fluorescent protein (GFP). Additionally, no phloem necrosis was observed in the senescent leaves of N. benthamiana that expressed the null mutation of m03915 and frameshifting m04250. The subcellular localizations of m03915 and m04250 were determined by fusion with GFP using confocal microscopy. The subcellular localization of m03915 was found to be as free GFP without a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). However, m04250 did have an NLS. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) was carried out to probe the citrus proteins interacting with m03915 and m04250. Six citrus proteins were found to interact with m03915. The identified proteins were involved in the metabolism of compounds, transcription, response to abiotic stress, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, etc. The prey of m04250 was involved in the processing of specific pre-mRNAs. Identification of new virulence factors of CaLas will give insight into the pathogenesis of CaLas, and therefore, it will eventually help develop the HLB-resistant citrus.

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Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Tissue Expression Profiles of Three Smad Genes from Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12101536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1536

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Guangle Zhang ◽

Yongwang Miao

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Tissue Expression ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Nuclear Localization Sequence ◽

Localization Sequence

Smads are involved in a variety of biological activities by mediating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals. The full-length coding sequences (CDSs) of buffalo Smads 1, 4, and 5 were isolated and identified through RT-PCR in this study. Their lengths are 1398 bp, 1662 bp, and 1398 bp, respectively. In silico analysis showed that their transcriptional region structures, as well as their amino acid sequences, physicochemical characteristics, motifs, conserved domains, and three-dimensional structures of their encoded proteins are highly consistent with their counterparts in the species of Bovidae. The three Smad proteins are all hydrophilic without the signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Each of them has an MH1 domain and an MH2 domain. A nuclear localization sequence was found in the MH1 domain of buffalo Smads 1 and 5. Prediction showed that the function of the three Smads is mainly protein binding, and they can interact with BMPs and their receptors. The three genes were expressed in all 10 buffalo tissues assayed, and their expression in the mammary gland, gonad, and spleen was relatively high. The results here indicate that the three buffalo Smads may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes in a variety of tissues.

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Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

JURNAL AGRI-TEK Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta ◽

10.33319/agtek.v21i1.66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Wuye Ria Andayanie

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Germ Plasm ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

High Yield ◽

High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and Mlg 3288 with the category of mild resistant. They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal antibody

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