Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbide Catalysts: Synthesis and Application as Alternative Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbons—A Review

Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Currently used nickel catalysts on oxide supports suffer from rapid deactivation due to sintering of active metal particles or the deposition of carbon deposits blocking the flow of gases through the reaction tube. In this view, new alternative catalysts are highly sought after. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. The catalytic activity of carbides results from the synthesis-dependent structural properties of carbides. In this respect, this review presents the most important methods of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbide synthesis and the influence of their properties on activity in catalyzing the reaction of methane with carbon dioxide.

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Catalytic Activity of Nickel and Ruthenium–Nickel Catalysts Supported on SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and MgAl2O4 in a Dry Reforming Process

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9060540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 540 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Izabela Wysocka ◽

Jan Hupka ◽

Andrzej Rogala

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Catalytic Activity ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Nickel Catalysts ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Syngas Production ◽

Effect Of Support

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is an eco-friendly method of syngas production due to the utilization of two main greenhouse gases—methane and carbon dioxide. An industrial application of methane dry reforming requires the use of a catalyst with high activity, stability over a long time, and the ability to catalyze a reaction, leading to the needed a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of support and noble metal particles on catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity in the dry reforming process. Ni and Ni–Ru based catalysts were prepared via impregnation and precipitation methods on SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and MgAl2O4 supports. The obtained catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, and elemental carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur analysis (CHNS) techniques. The catalytic activity was investigated in the carbon dioxide reforming of a methane process at 800 °C. Catalysts supported on commercial Al2O3 and spinel MgAl2O4 exhibited the highest activity and stability under DRM conditions. The obtained results clearly indicate that differences in catalytic activity result from the dispersion, size of an active metal (AM), and interactions of the AM with the support. It was also found that the addition of ruthenium particles enhanced the methane conversion and shifted the H2/CO ratio to lower values.

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An Overview of Reforming Technologies and the Effect of Parameters on the Catalytic Performance of Mesoporous Silica/Alumina Supported Nickel Catalysts for Syngas Production by Methane Dry Reforming

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413666200313130420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 303-322

Author(s):

M.A. Saad ◽

N.H. Abdurahman ◽

Rosli Mohd Yunus ◽

Mohammed Kamil ◽

Omar I. Awad

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Nickel Catalysts ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Future Research ◽

Methane Dry Reforming ◽

Syngas Production ◽

Silica Alumina ◽

Supported Nickel Catalysts

Synthetic gas - a combination of (H2) and (CO) - is an important chemical intermediate for the production of liquid hydrocarbon, olefin, gasoline, and other valuable chemicals. Several reforming methods that use steam, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the presence of various catalytic systems have been extensively investigated, and this paper reviews the recent research on the state-of-the-art of reforming technologies and the effect of parameters on the catalytic activity of mesoporous silica/alumina supported nickel catalysts for syngas production by methane dry reforming. First, we provide an overview of reforming technologies, including methane dry reforming, steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of CH4, and auto thermal reforming of CH4. Then, we review the literature on dry reforming catalysts. Next, we describe recent findings on the effect of parameters on the catalytic activity of mesoporous silica/alumina supported nickel catalysts for syngas production. Finally, we make proposals for future research. This study can help achieve a better understanding of the reforming technologies and the effects of parameters on catalytic performance for syngas production, thus contributing to the development of green technologies.

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Atomistic and electronic structure of metal clusters supported on transition metal carbides: implications for catalysis

10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-v2xzd ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hector Prats ◽

Michail Stamatakis

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Electron Density ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Density Functional ◽

Metal Cluster ◽

High Catalytic Activity ◽

Metal Carbides ◽

Oxide Supports ◽

Transition Metal Carbides

Novel research avenues have been explored over the last decade on the use of transition metal carbides (TMCs) as catalytically active supports for metal nanoclusters, which display high catalytic activity despite the poor reactivity (or even inertness) of the bulk metal. It has been postulated that TMCs polarise the electron density of adsorbed metal particles in such a way that their catalytic activity ends up being superior to those dispersed on more traditional metal oxide supports. Herein, we investigate the structural and electronic properties of small clusters of precious metals (Rh, Pd, Pt and Au) and more affordable metals (Co, Ni and Cu) supported on TMCs with 1:1 stoichiometry (TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, MoC and WC) by means of periodic Density Functional Theory calculations. Our high-throughput screening studies indicate that it is possible not only to have strongly bonded and stably dispersed metal nanoparticles on TMC surfaces, but also to manipulate their charge by carefully selecting elements with desired electronegativity for the host TMC and the metal cluster. By doing so, it is possible to tune the amount of charge density on the cluster hollow sites, which can facilitate the bonding of certain molecules. Moreover, we identify Pt, Pd and Rh clusters supported on hexagonal TMC (001) facets as the candidates with the highest potential catalytic activity -as estimated by the significant polarisation of the cluster electron density- and stability -as quantified by the strongly negative values of adsorption energy per atom and formation energy-.

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Characterization of Ag-promoted Ni/SiO2 Catalysts for Syngas Production via Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Dry Reforming of Glycerol

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.11.2.553.220-229 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Norazimah Harun ◽

Jolius Gimbun ◽

Mohammad Tazli Azizan ◽

Sumaiya Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Glycerol Conversion ◽

Syngas Production

The carbon dioxide (CO2) dry reforming of glycerol for syngas production is one of the promising ways to benefit the oversupply crisis of glycerol worldwide. It is an attractive process as it converts carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas into a synthesis gas and simultaneously removed from the carbon biosphere cycle. In this study, the glycerol dry reforming was carried out using Silver (Ag) promoted Nickel (Ni) based catalysts supported on silicon oxide (SiO2) i.e. Ag-Ni/SiO2. The catalysts were prepared through wet impregnation method and characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermo Gravimetric (TGA) analysis. The experiment was conducted in a tubular reactor which condition fixed at 973 K and CO2:glycerol molar ratio of 1, under atmospheric pressure. It was found that the main gaseous products are H₂, CO and CH4 with H₂:CO molar ratio < 1.0. From the reaction study, Ag(5)-Ni/SiO2 results in highest glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield, accounted for 32.6% and 27.4%, respectively. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 22nd January 2016; Revised: 22nd February 2016; Accepted: 23rd February 2016How to Cite: Harun, N., Gimbun, J., Azizan, M.T., Abidin S.Z. (2016). Characterization of Ag-promoted Ni/SiO2 Catalysts for Syngas Production via Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Dry Reforming of Glycerol. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2): 220-229 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.553.220-229)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.553.220-229

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First-principles study of rocksalt early transition-metal carbides as potential catalysts for Li–O2 batteries

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c8cp06745g ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (48) ◽

pp. 30231-30238 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yingying Yang ◽

Yuelin Wang ◽

Man Yao ◽

Xudong Wang ◽

Hao Huang

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Transition Metal ◽

First Principles ◽

First Principles Calculations ◽

Metal Carbides ◽

Early Transition Metal ◽

Transition Metal Carbides ◽

First Principles Study ◽

Early Transition

A series of early transition-metal carbides (TMCs) in the NaCl structure have been constructed to compare the catalytic activity in Li–O2 batteries by first-principles calculations.

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DMFCs with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Durability Using Transition-Metal Carbides as Catalyst Support

ECS Transactions ◽

10.1149/1.3484694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 2027-2034 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.G. Nishanth ◽

P. Sridhar ◽

S. Pitchumani ◽

Ashok Shukla

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Catalyst Support ◽

Metal Carbides ◽

Transition Metal Carbides

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Effect of a second metal (Co, Cu, Mn or Zr) on nickel catalysts derived from hydrotalcites for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra12335j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (74) ◽

pp. 70537-70546 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Xiaopeng Yu ◽

Fubao Zhang ◽

Wei Chu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nickel Catalysts ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Ni Catalyst ◽

Carbon Dioxide Reforming ◽

Enhanced Stability

NiCo and NiCu catalysts exhibited enhanced stability compared with a Ni catalyst for the dry reforming of methane. On the contrary, NiMn and NiZr catalysts decreased the reforming stability.

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