scholarly journals Physical Considerations for In Vitro ESWT Research Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Cyrill Slezak ◽  
Roland Rose ◽  
Julia M. Jilge ◽  
Robert Nuster ◽  
David Hercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Peak Pressures

In vitro investigations, which comprise the bulk of research efforts geared at identifying an underlying biomechanical mechanism for extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), are commonly hampered by inadequate descriptions of the underlying therapeutic acoustical pressure waves. We demonstrate the necessity of in-situ sound pressure measurements inside the treated samples considering the significant differences associated with available applicator technologies and cell containment. A statistical analysis of pulse-to-pulse variability in an electrohydraulic applicator yields a recommendation for a minimal pulse number of n = 300 for cell pallets and suspensions to achieve reproducible treatments. Non-linear absorption behavior of sample holders and boundary effects are shown for transient peak pressures and applied energies and may serve as a guide when in-situ measurements are not available or can be used as a controllable experimental design factor. For the use in microbiological investigations of ESWT we provide actionable identification of common problems in describing physical shockwave parameters and improving experimental setups by; (1) promoting in-situ sound field measurements, (2) statistical evaluation of applicator variability, and (3) extrapolation of treatment parameters based on focal and treatment volumes.

scholarly journals Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramés Salcedo-Jiménez ◽  
Judith Koenig ◽  
Olivia Lee ◽  
Thomas W.G. Gibson ◽  
Pavneesh Madan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to induce different biological effects on a variety of cells, including regulation and stimulation of their function and metabolism. ESWT can promote different biological responses such as proliferation, migration, and regenerations of cells. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete factors that enhance the regeneration of tissues, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells and decrease inflammatory and immune-reactions. Clinically, the combination of these two therapies has been used as a treatment for tendon and ligament lesions in horses; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting this combination of therapies in vivo. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of ESWT on equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSCs) proliferative, metabolic, migrative, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Three equine CB-MSC cultures from independent donors were treated using an electrohydraulic shock wave generator attached to a water bath. All experiments were performed as triplicates. Proliferation, viability, migration and immunomodulatory properties of the cells were evaluated. Equine CB-MSCs were induced to evaluate their trilineage differentiation potential. ESWT treated cells had increased metabolic activity, showed positive adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, and showed higher potential for differentiation towards the adipogenic and osteogenic cell fates. ESWT treated cells showed similar immunomodulatory properties to none-ESWT treated cells. Equine CB-MSCs are responsive to ESWT treatment and showed increased metabolic, adipogenic and osteogenic activity, but unaltered immunosuppressive properties. In vivo studies are warranted to determine if synergistic effects occur in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries if ESWT and equine CB-MSC therapies are combined.

scholarly journals Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy against Cutibacterium acnes Implant-Associated Infections: An in Vitro Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsikopoulos ◽  
Lorenzo Drago ◽  
Georgios Koutras ◽  
Panagiotis Givissis ◽  
Eleni Vagdatli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes

Background: Antibiotic management of low-virulent implant-associated infections induced by Cutibacterium acnes may be compromised by multi-drug resistance development, side effects, and increased cost. Therefore, we sought to assess the effects of shock wave therapy against the above pathogen using an in vitro model of infection. Methods: We used a total of 120 roughened titanium alloy disks, simulating orthopedic biomaterials, to assess the results of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) against C. acnes (ATCC 11827) biofilms relative to untreated control. In particular, we considered 1.6 to 2.5 Bar with a frequency ranging from 8–11 Hz and 95 to 143 impulses per disk to investigate the antibacterial effect of rESWT against C. acnes planktonic (free-floating) and biofilm forms. Results: Planktonic bacteria load diminished by 54% compared to untreated control after a 1.8-bar setting with a frequency of 8 Hz and 95 impulses was applied (median absorbance (MA) for intervention vs. control groups was 0.9245 (IQR= 0.888 to 0.104) vs. 0.7705 (IQR = 0.712 to 0.864), respectively, p = 0.001). Likewise, a statistically significant reduction in the amount of biofilm relative to untreated control was documented when the above setting was considered (MA for treatment vs biofilm control groups was 0.244 (IQR= 0.215–0.282) and 0.298 (IQR = 0.247–0.307), respectively, p = 0.033). Conclusion: A 50% biofilm eradication was documented following application of low-pressure and low-frequency radial shock waves, so rESWT could be investigated as an adjuvant treatment to antibiotics, but it cannot be recommended as a standalone treatment against device-associated infections induced by C. ances.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in situ — novel approach to obtain an activated fat graft

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Priglinger ◽  
M. Sandhofer ◽  
A. Peterbauer ◽  
C. Wurzer ◽  
C. Steffenhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in a Rabbit Osteoporosis Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baofeng Li ◽  
Renkai Wang ◽  
Xianyin Huang ◽  
Yongliang Ou ◽  
Zhenyu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Osteoblast Maturation

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been identified to accelerate bone formation. However, detailed mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we found that ESWT promoted osteoblast formation in vitro. Local ESW treatment of femur increased bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, changing the density or frequency of energy, there was no statistical difference in osteogenic differentiation. Therapeutically, local ESW therapy relieved bone loss and increased the number of bone trabecular in a rabbit osteoporosis model and promoted endogenous levels of SMAD2 protein expression. Thus, ESWT may be a potential therapy by promoting osteoblast maturation through TGF-β/SMAD2 pathway.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances the In Vitro Metabolic Activity and Differentiation of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramés Salcedo-Jiménez ◽  
Judith B. Koenig ◽  
Olivia J. Lee ◽  
Thomas W. G. Gibson ◽  
Pavneesh Madan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to induce different biological effects on a variety of cells, including regulation and stimulation of their function and metabolism. ESWT can promote different biological responses such as proliferation, migration, and regenerations of cells. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete factors that enhance the regeneration of tissues, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells, and decrease inflammatory and immune reactions. Clinically, the combination of these two therapies has been used as a treatment for tendon and ligament lesions in horses; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting this combination of therapies in vivo. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of ESWT on equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSCs) proliferative, metabolic, migrative, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Three equine CB-MSC cultures from independent donors were treated using an electrohydraulic shock wave generator attached to a water bath. All experiments were performed as triplicates. Proliferation, viability, migration and immunomodulatory properties of the cells were evaluated. Equine CB-MSCs were induced to evaluate their trilineage differentiation potential. ESWT treated cells had increased metabolic activity, showed positive adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, and showed higher potential for differentiation toward the adipogenic and osteogenic cell fates. ESWT treated cells showed similar immunomodulatory properties to none-ESWT treated cells. Equine CB-MSCs are responsive to ESWT treatment and showed increased metabolic, adipogenic and osteogenic activity, but unaltered immunosuppressive properties. In vivo studies are warranted to determine if synergistic effects occur in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries if ESWT and equine CB-MSC therapies are combined.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a potential therapeutic tool for breast cancer related lymphedema: a narrative review of in vitro, animal and clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Julia Konrad ◽  
Magdalena Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema

Background: The treatment of breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) focuses on the alleviation symptoms. One of the innovative, non-invasive therapies used for this condition is extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). Aim of the study: To review the available literature and evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of secondary lymphedema (in vitro works, animal experiments) and lymphedema associated with the treatment of breast cancer. Material and methods: The scientific literature review was conducted from October to December 2020. The review was carried out by searching scientifically recognized medical databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE and PEDro. Date restrictions were not applied. As there are only a few clinical studies assessing the effectiveness of ESWT on the reduction of lymphedema, case reports, animal experiments and in vitro works were included in the review. Articles written in a language other than English were excluded. Results: In total, the analysis included twelve studies, including seven clinical trials, one case report, three animal experiments and one in vitro test. Conclusions: Based on the results of the analyzed articles, ESWT can be an effective therapeutic tool for lymphedema occurring after breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the level of evidence is relatively weak since the number of publications on this subject is still quite low. The accumulated results indicate the need for further clinical trials.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document