scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Demography of the Critically Endangered Chequered Blue Butterfly (Scolitantides orion) in a Highly Isolated Part of Its Distribution Range

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czajkowska ◽  
Łukasz Dawidowicz ◽  
Anetta Borkowska ◽  
Izabela Dziekańska ◽  
Marcin Sielezniew
Keyword(s):  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Coi Sequences

Scolitantides orion is a butterfly species threatened in many European countries. In Poland, it survived in a single highly isolated area (Vistula River valley), which is an example of the dramatic decline in the population number. We studied the two largest remaining populations inhabiting opposite banks of the river. Mark-release-recapture studies showed that both populations were small, and they fluctuated in numbers, but adult individuals were twice as numerous on the western site. Genetic analyses were carried out using a mitochondrial (COI, ND5) and nuclear markers (Wgl, EF-1α, and microsatellite loci). We found out that genetic variation was low at both sites but higher in the smaller eastern population. This pattern is likely to be better explained by past distribution, when the butterfly, as a continental species used to be much more widespread in the east. However, the genetic differentiation between populations was low. This could suggest that the existing gene flow is facilitated by dominant regional wind direction, which may also contribute to a better genetic condition of the western population. Finally, a comparison of the obtained COI sequences with others available enabled us to reveal the phylogeographic pattern of the S. orion from different localities within its range.

Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 140-163
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Bolotov ◽  
Mikhail Y. Gofarov ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Gorbach ◽  
Yulia S. Kolosova ◽  
Alisa A. Zheludkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Apollo Butterfly

Recent multi-locus phylogenetic studies repeatedly showed that what was thought to be the Clouded Apollo butterfly Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) represents a cryptic species complex. This complex contains at least three distant species-level phylogenetic lineages. Here, we compile a set of morphology- and DNA-based evidences supporting the distinctiveness of two species in this group, i.e. P. mnemosyne s. str. and P. nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. These species can be distinguished from each other based on a combination of diagnostic characters in the male genitalia structure, wing scale patterns, and the forewing venation. The species status of P. nebrodensis is supported based on unique nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial (COI, ND1, and ND5) and nuclear (Wg and EF-1a) genes. P. nebrodensis is endemic to the Western Mediterranean Region. This species shares a disjunctive range through the Pyrenees, Western and Central Alps, Apennines, and the Nebrodi and Madonie mountains on Sicily. Altogether 38 nominal taxa initially described as P. mnemosyne subspecies are considered here to be junior synonyms of P. nebrodensis. At first glance, P. nebrodensis can be assessed as an endangered species due to its restricted distribution, narrow range of habitats, and ongoing population decline. Isolated populations of this species scattered through mountain ranges need special management and conservation efforts.

Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4526 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÁNGEL VALDÉS ◽  
LONNY LUNDSTEN ◽  
NERIDA G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
System Information

Increased exploration of northeastern Pacific deep-sea habitats has revealed a diverse and often poorly-known invertebrate community, including a number of undescribed species of nudibranchs studied herein. We used morphology to distinguish several new species from their congeners, and generated data where possible for mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear markers (H3) to place them in a phylogenetic context. We described here Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., Cuthona methana sp. nov., Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. and redescribed Zeusia herculea (Bergh, 1894). Another species of Tritonia is described but not named due to the absence of reproductive system information. Although there are difficulties in collection from deep-sea habitats, only two of our new species are known from single specimens. As with many other deep-sea regions, we expect the number of new species from this region to increase with further exploration. Because the deep regions of the northeast Pacific are particularly vulnerable to the effects of decreasing oxygenation due to climate change, we consider that documenting this fauna has some level of urgency. 

scholarly journals Short Communication: Habitat and population characteristics of the endemic Java Tree Frog (Rhacophorus margaritifer) in Ranca Upas, West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
TINA SAFARIA NILAWATI ◽  
HERNAWATI HERNAWATI ◽  
REZA AHMAD TAUFIK
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
West Java ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Average Size

Abstract. Nilawati TS, Hernawati, Taufik RA. 2019. Short Communication: Habitat and population characteristics of the endemic Java Tree Frog (Rhacophorus margaritifer) in Ranca Upas, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1644-1649. The Java tree frog (Rhacophorus margaritifer) is one of the endemic frogs of Indonesia. Ranca Upas forest, West Java, Indonesia is one of the habitats of this species which is threatened by the extension of the ​​campground and tourism area. The aim of this study was to identify the habitat and population characteristics of Rhacophorus margaritifer in Ranca Upas forest. Data was collected through Capture-Mark-Release-Recapture method in every 100 m distance of a 300 m transect, along the river. The captured frogs were tagged using modified shoelaces. Habitat characteristics were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, population number was estimated by the Schnabel method, and population distribution was calculated using the Morisita distribution index. The results showed that R. margaritifer habitat was at an altitude of 1630-1670 m asl with 16.6 oC average air temperature and 90.8% air humidity. The habitat was near river with clear water and mud substrate at 14.8 oC water temperature, 0.068 m/s water velocity, and neutral acidity. Furthermore, three species of plants, namely Strobilanthes crispus, Curculigo capitulata, and Cyathea sp. were identified to be very often used by R. margaritifer. Population abundance of R. margaritifer was estimated to be 286 individuals, with 5 individuals /100m2 density and it showed a clumped disp.ersion. Average size of frogs found in the study area was 40 mm Snout to Vent Length (SVL) and the range was 36 to 65 mm. This showed that the location is dominated by young frogs and the study area is a good habitat for R. margaritifer.

scholarly journals Genetic discontinuity analysis of Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Zoltán Bagi ◽  
Szilvia Kusza
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Genetic Discontinuity ◽  
Genetic Barriers ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
The Relationship

The Collared Dove conquered continent areas within a few decades. Causes and dispersion pattern of expansion has been investigated in several studies. However, the relationship between the geographic distribution and genetic structure of populations has not been researched. We used 152 individuals from 19 countries in this study. We analyze a 650 bp long mitochondrial COI sequences of each individuals. We were performed Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis, Principal Component Analysis and analysis of the genetic discontinuity in this study. Under 2500 km distance was a positive correlation between the genetic differentiation and different geographical areas. Hidden genetic barriers were found only Carpatian Basin. Could not be detected signs of genetic isolation in other regions. This will probably due to the unevenness of the sample collection, because these areas proportionally much fewer sequences were available. Therefore, is worth repeat this analysis after further sample collection, in the future.

New species of Sargassum-boring Limnoria Leach, 1814 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Limnoriidae) from Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4970 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
HIROKI YOSHINO ◽  
YURIKO KAMBARA ◽  
SHOTA KAJIWARA ◽  
TAKESHI A. OHSAWA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Mandibular Palp ◽  
Coi Sequences

A new marine Sargassum-boring species of Limnoria (Limnoriidae) is described on the basis of specimens obtained at Kamogawa-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Limnoria aspera sp. nov. shares a reduced mandibular palp to a seta, algal-feeding, and the clavate shaped epipod of the maxilliped with the other species of non-mandibular-palp group. L. aspera sp. nov. differs morphologically from the congeneric species by secondary unguis of pereopods and unique carinae of pleonite 5 and pleotelson. We describe the sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear 28S rDNA gene. L. aspera sp. nov. differs by 14.2–18.0% in p-distance based on COI sequences from other Japanese species, L. furca and L. nagatai. 

Acricotopus indet. morphotype incurvatus: Description and genetics of a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) larval morphotype from the Tibetan Plateau

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4656 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-544
Author(s):  
ANDREAS LAUG ◽  
LADISLAV HAMERLÍK ◽  
STEN ANSLAN ◽  
STEFAN ENGELS ◽  
FALKO TURNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Central Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Complex Formations

High mountain ranges such as the Tibetan Plateau with an average altitude above 4500 m are topographically complex formations. Elevational gradients, physiographic diversity and climatic heterogeneity have led to highly biodiverse ecosystems in these regions. Mountain ranges can be seen as cradles of evolution and harbour, due to their unique characteristics, a high number of highly adapted species. At the same time these areas are hard to access and therefore taxonomic information is limited. Here we describe a new Acricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) larval morphotype occurring in lakes and ponds of differing salinity and water depths located on the Southern and Central Tibetan Plateau. The description is based on larvae and their genetics (ribosomal 18S, 28S and mitochondrial COI sequences) collected from a shallow pond in close proximity to the large saline lake Selin Co. Larvae of Acricotopus indet. morphotype incurvatus are characterized by a mentum with a cluster of lateral teeth, partially folded inwards, a mandible with a toothed lobe in addition to four inner teeth and a sclerotized plate positioned behind the mentum. Up to now, these morphological features have only been found in early instars of other Acricotopus species. The proposed morphotype name is inspired by the peculiar form of the mentum. 

Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov., a new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Russian Far East

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4679 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov., is described on the basis of larvae from the Far East of Russia (type locality Bolshoi Garmakan River). Larvae of Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov. may be distinguished from other Baetis species by the presence of only five pairs of tergalii on segments III–VII. The mitochondrial COI sequence obtained from the described species was compared with the data present in GeneBank and BOLD. The DNA barcodes allowed discrimination of B. pentaphyllus sp. nov. from other species of Baetis with available sequence data. The average interspecific K2P distances were 10–15%, which are values well above those associated with intraspecific variation. COI sequences as well as 36 morphological larval characters were analysed using Bayesian inference to relate the described species to the recognized species-groups of the Baetis genus. B. pentaphyllus sp. nov formed a sister clade to B. vardarensis + B. lutheri which belong to the Baetis lutheri species-group. 

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