scholarly journals Adult Feeding Preference and Fecundity in the Large Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Lenka Kleinová ◽  
Markéta Davídková
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Mean

Adult feeding preferences of Hylobius abietis on Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies alba and Betula pendula were tested in outdoor conditions. The preferred food source was P. menziesii, and the mean bark area consumed per seedling was 440.8 ± 147.9 mm2. The second most preferred host was P. abies. The coniferous species that suffered the least damage was A. alba (76.8 ± 62.56 mm2 per seedling). B. pendula was the least preferred source of food, and it caused mortality of 60% of weevils that fed on it. Weevils exhibited large differences in fecundity when fed with different tree species in a laboratory experiment. The largest number of eggs was laid by females fed with P. abies. Mean egg numbers reached 26.4 ± 24.89 eggs per experiment for P. abies. Similar fecundity was observed in weevils fed with twigs of P. sylvestris. Oviposition was approximately six times lower in females fed with L. decidua and P. menziesii. The maximum number of eggs laid by a single female during a one-month experiment was 90. The results are discussed in relation to management of H. abietis.

Palatability and nutritional quality of marine invertebrates in a sub-Arctic fjord

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lippert ◽  
K. Iken
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Arctic Fjord ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

To investigate the palatability of abundant sub-Arctic sessile or sluggish invertebrates and their value as a food source, in situ experiments with natural consumer assemblages were performed in the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen). These experiments were complemented with quantitative laboratory assays, using a generalist predatory starfish. Feeding preference and avoidance reactions were similar in both assays. Natural assemblages of predators in situ rejected nine out of ten species tested, and 12 out of 16 species were rejected in laboratory assays, indicating a high percentage of unpalatable invertebrates. Results were compared to the biochemical composition of the investigated species to see whether palatability and feeding preferences coincide with nutritional quality of the prey. Although nutritional quality, expressed as protein, lipid, nitrogen, carbon and water content, may account for some of the feeding preferences found, no overall relationship between nutritional value and palatability or feeding preferences was detected.

scholarly journals Feeding habituation to red clover by clover root weevil adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
J.R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Laboratory Trial

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) has been observed to persist longer than white clover (T repens) during field screening of legumes for tolerance of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) It has been suggested that this is linked to adult feeding preferences A laboratory trial was undertaken to confirm the feeding preference for white clover over red and to determine whether adults became habituated to red clover over time Groups of clover root weevil adults were caged on either white clover cv Grasslands Huia or 3 lines of Grasslands Pawera red clover At weeks 2 4 6 and 8 subsamples of adults were removed from the cages and were subjected to a 24 h choice test It was found that although adults showed a strong preference for white clover those that had been continuously fed red clover were more likely to feed on red clover in the choice test than those that had previously been fed white clover

Does lignin modification affect feeding preference or growth performance of insect herbivores in transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)?

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Tiimonen ◽  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Tapio Laakso ◽  
Pekka Saranpää ◽  
Vincent Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Lignin Modification

scholarly journals Comparative morphology of the mouthparts of the megadiverse South African monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini): feeding adaptations and guild structure

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Karolyi ◽  
Teresa Hansal ◽  
Harald W. Krenn ◽  
Jonathan F. Colville
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Floral Tissue ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Feeding Adaptations

Although anthophilous Coleoptera are regarded to be unspecialised flower-visiting insects, monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini) represent one of the most important groups of pollinating insects in South Africa’s floristic hotspot of the Greater Cape Region. South African monkey beetles are known to feed on floral tissue; however, some species seem to specialise on pollen and/or nectar. The present study examined the mouthpart morphology and gut content of various hopliine species to draw conclusions on their feeding preferences. According to the specialisations of their mouthparts, the investigated species were classified into different feeding groups. Adaptations to pollen-feeding included a well-developed, toothed molar and a lobe-like, setose lacinia mobilis on the mandible as well as curled hairs or sclerotized teeth on the galea of the maxillae. Furthermore, elongated mouthparts were interpreted as adaptations for nectar feeding. Floral- and folial-tissue feeding species showed sclerotized teeth on the maxilla, but the lacinia was mostly found to be reduced to a sclerotized ledge. While species could clearly be identified as floral or folial tissue feeding, several species showed intermediate traits suggesting both pollen and nectar feeding adaptations. Mismatches found between mouthpart morphology and previously reported flower visiting behaviours across different genera and species requires alternative explanations, not necessarily associated with feeding preferences. Although detailed examinations of the mouthparts allowed conclusions about the feeding preference and flower-visiting behaviour, additional morphological and behavioural investigations, combined with greater taxon sampling and phylogenetic data, are still necessary to fully understand hopliine host plant relationships, related to monkey beetle diversity.

scholarly journals The time of detection of sex-linked recessives in small populations

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time To Detection

SUMMARYA sex-linked recessive gene with visible effect will first be detected in the hemizygous sex (male). In lines with equal numbers of males and females, when the gene is initially present in a single female the probabifity of detection falls from 2/3 in single pair lines to 0·54 in large lines. The mean and standard deviation of time to detection are almost independent of population size, being about 4/3 and 2/3 respectively. About 98% of all detections occur within three generations, so a gene detected much later than this after the foundation of a selection line is likely to be a new mutant. Higher initial frequencies and selection favouring heterozygotes increase the chance of detection. The time taken is decreased with higher initial frequencies and increased slightly by selection favouring heterozygotes.

scholarly journals Feeding Preferences of the Endangered Diving BeetleCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Ohba ◽  
Yoshinori Inatani
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Diving Beetles

The numbers ofCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner diving beetles are declining in most regions of Japan, and it is included in the Red Data List of species in 34 of 47 prefectures of Japan. However, basic ecological information aboutC. tripunctatus orientalis, such as its feeding habits, remains unknown. In order to elucidate the feeding habits ofC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae, feeding preference experiments were carried out in 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The number of Odonata nymphs consumed was significantly higher than the number of tadpoles consumed, indicating thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer Odonata nymphs to tadpoles. In addition, all the first instar larvae ofC. tripunctatus orientalisdeveloped into second instars when they were supplied with motionless Odonata nymphs, but their survival rate was lower when they were supplied with motionless tadpoles. These results suggest thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer insects to vertebrates.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of the Brinell Hardness of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) Wood in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Hubert Lachowicz ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Antons Seleznovs ◽  
Jānis Lāceklis-Bertmanis ◽  
Aivars Kaķītis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forest District

An analysis was undertaken of the Brinell hardness of silver birch wood and its dependence on stand location, tree age, tree thickness and forest habitat type, and the interactions between these factors. Wood was obtained from 12 forest districts throughout Poland, from trees aged approximately 30, 50, and 70 years. A total of 51 study plots was established, from which 306 trees were taken. Hardness was measured on three surfaces (transverse, radial, and tangential sections) for 4777 samples, giving a total of 14,331 measurements. It was shown that the hardness of silver birch wood in Poland is significantly influenced by location, tree age, tree thickness, and habitat type, and by interactions between those factors. Habitat type was not shown to affect radial hardness, except in the case of Giżycko forest district. For the whole of the analysed material, the mean hardness on a transverse section was calculated as 66.26 MPa, corresponding to a very hard wood on Mörath’s scale, whereas the values for the longitudinal sections (radial 44.06 MPa, tangential 44.02 MPa) correspond to a soft wood.

scholarly journals Ozone-Induced Acceptability of Yellow-Poplar and Black Cherry to Gypsy Moth Larvae

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Anton G. Endress ◽  
Michael R. Jeffords ◽  
Laurie J. Case ◽  
Lane M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Host Acceptability

Abstract The feeding behavior of 3rd instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L. [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae]) was examined on foliage from black cherry (Prunus seratina L.) and yellow-poplar (Liriadendran tulipifera L.) seedlings exposed to 71 ± 31, 212 ± 37, and 337 ± 31 μg m−3 ozone (O3) for 70 hours to gauge the effect of O3 stress on host acceptability. Normally, black cherry is a suboptimal food source and yellow-poplar is unacceptable. With feeding preference assays conducted in the laboratory using feeding arenas, the leaf area consumption of black cherry control foliage (exposed to ambient air containing 71 μg m−3 O3) by starved larvae was approximately twice that of yellow-poplar control foliage during the first 4 hours. By 8 hours, the leaf area consumed was the same for both species. O3-treated leaves of both species were preferred by the larvae relative to leaves exposed to ambient concentrations. The effect was pronounced for yellow-poplar, where consumption of ozonated foliage was more than twice that of the control, and its acceptability was enhanced to a level approximating that of black cherry.

scholarly journals Wood quality and value production in mixed fir-spruce-beech stands: long-term research in the Western Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Petráš ◽  
Julián Mecko ◽  
Michal Bošeľa ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Value Production

Abstract Stem quality and damage was evaluated in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands. Moreover, an assortments structure was determined with their financial value. Results were compared with pure spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Repeated measurements on 31 long-term research plots, stand assortment models, assortment yield models and value yield models were used. Stem quality of fir and spruce was only slightly lower in mixed stands compared to pure stands but beech stem quality was considerably worse in mixed stands. Fir and spruce had slightly lower proportions of better IIIA quality logs and higher proportions of IIIB quality in mixed stands. Beech had worse assortment structure than spruce and fir, in general. Pure beech stands had higher proportions of better I–IIIA quality assortments than mixed stands by 1–7%. Fir and spruce average value production (€ m−3) culminated at about 56 and 62 cm mean diameters. Almost the same value production was found in pure stands. In these stands it culminated at the mean diameter of 58 and 60 cm. Beech produced substantially less value on the same sites. In mixed stands, its value production culminated at the mean diameter of 40 cm. In pure stands, it culminated at the mean diameter of 36 cm. Although the production was found to be similar in both mixed and pure forests, higher damage intensity and less stem quality in mixed forests suggest that the pure forests can be more profitable.

scholarly journals JAPANESE BEETLE (Popilla japonica NEWMAN) FEEDING PREFERENCE ON BIRCH TAXA (BETULA)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 873e-873
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Gu ◽  
James A. Robbins ◽  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
Jason McAfee
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Washington County ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Wide Range

Japanese beetle (Popilla japonica Newman) has caused severe damage on a wide range of horticultural crops since its first introduction to the Eastern United States from Japan in 1916. Leaves are skeletonized by adult beetles feeding in masses, which makes this insect damage easy to identify. In Arkansas, Japanese beetle was first trapped in Washington County in 1997 and has reached epidemic proportions in the most recent three years. Leaf skelotonization and feeding preference on eighteen birch accessions by Japanese beetle were recorded in 2003 and 2004. There was a wide range from no feeding (0% leaf skelotonization) to high feeding preference (89% leaf skelotonization). Betula utilis var. jacquemontii and B. papyrifera `Renaissance Upright' had highest preference. Betula pendula `Laciniata' had no feeding damage from Japanese beetle.

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