scholarly journals Olfactory Learning Supports an Adaptive Sugar-Aversion Gustatory Phenotype in the German Cockroach

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Ayako Wada-Katsumata ◽  
Coby Schal
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Conditioning Session ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Food Odors ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Specific Food

An association of food sources with odors prominently guides foraging behavior in animals. To understand the interaction of olfactory memory and food preferences, we used glucose-averse (GA) German cockroaches. Multiple populations of cockroaches evolved a gustatory polymorphism where glucose is perceived as a deterrent and enables GA cockroaches to avoid eating glucose-containing toxic baits. Comparative behavioral analysis using an operant conditioning paradigm revealed that learning and memory guide foraging decisions. Cockroaches learned to associate specific food odors with fructose (phagostimulant, reward) within only a 1 h conditioning session, and with caffeine (deterrent, punishment) after only three 1 h conditioning sessions. Glucose acted as reward in wild type (WT) cockroaches, but GA cockroaches learned to avoid an innately attractive odor that was associated with glucose. Olfactory memory was retained for at least 3 days after three 1 h conditioning sessions. Our results reveal that specific tastants can serve as potent reward or punishment in olfactory associative learning, which reinforces gustatory food preferences. Olfactory learning, therefore, reinforces behavioral resistance of GA cockroaches to sugar-containing toxic baits. Cockroaches may also generalize their olfactory learning to baits that contain the same or similar attractive odors even if they do not contain glucose.

scholarly journals Olfactory Learning Supports an Adaptive Sugar-Aversion Gustatory Phenotype in the German Cockroach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Wada-Katsumata ◽  
Coby Schal
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Conditioning Session ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Food Odors ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Specific Food

An association of food sources with odors prominently guides foraging behavior in animals. To understand the interaction of olfactory memory and food preferences, we used glucose-averse (GA) German cockroaches. Multiple populations of cockroaches evolved a gustatory polymorphism where glucose is perceived as a deterrent and enables GA cockroaches to avoid eating glucose-containing toxic baits. Comparative behavioral analysis using an operant conditioning paradigm revealed that learning and memory guide foraging decisions. Cockroaches learned to associate specific food odors with fructose (phagostimulant, reward) within only a 1 hr conditioning session, and with caffeine (deterrent, punishment) after only three 1 hr conditioning sessions. Glucose acted as reward in wild type (WT) cockroaches, but GA cockroaches learned to avoid an innately attractive odor that was associated with glucose. Olfactory memory was retained for at least 3 days after three 1 hr conditioning sessions. Our results reveal that specific tastants can serve as potent reward or punishment in olfactory associative learning, which reinforces gustatory food preferences. Olfactory learning therefore reinforces behavioral resistance of GA cockroaches to sugar-containing toxic baits. Cockroaches may also generalize their olfactory learning to baits that contain the same or similar attractive odors even if they do not contain glucose.

scholarly journals Mutants of the white ABCG Transporter in Drosophila melanogaster Have Deficient Olfactory Learning and Cholesterol Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12967
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Myers ◽  
Maria Porter ◽  
Nicholas Narwold ◽  
Krishna Bhat ◽  
Brigitte Dauwalder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Drosophila’s white gene encodes an ATP-binding cassette G-subfamily (ABCG) half-transporter. White is closely related to mammalian ABCG family members that function in cholesterol efflux. Mutants of white have several behavioral phenotypes that are independent of visual defects. This study characterizes a novel defect of white mutants in the acquisition of olfactory memory using the aversive olfactory conditioning paradigm. The w1118 mutants learned slower than wildtype controls, yet with additional training, they reached wildtype levels of performance. The w1118 learning phenotype is also found in the wapricot and wcoral alleles, is dominant, and is rescued by genomic white and mini-white transgenes. Reducing dietary cholesterol strongly impaired olfactory learning for wildtype controls, while w1118 mutants were resistant to this deficit. The w1118 mutants displayed higher levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters than wildtype under this low-cholesterol diet. Increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, or both in the white mutants significantly improved w1118 learning. However, serotonin levels were not lower in the heads of the w1118 mutants than in wildtype controls. There were also no significant differences found in synapse numbers within the w1118 brain. We propose that the w1118 learning defect may be due to inefficient biogenic amine signaling brought about by altered cholesterol homeostasis.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental determinants of children's food preferences

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S1) ◽  
pp. S15-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Wardle ◽  
Lucy Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Taste Exposure ◽  
Specific Food

Omnivores have the advantage of a variety of food options but face a challenge in identifying foods that are safe to eat. Not surprisingly, therefore, children show a relative aversion to new foods (neophobia) and a relative preference for familiar, bland, sweet foods. While this may in the past have promoted survival, in the modern food environment it could have an adverse effect on dietary quality. This review examines the evidence for genetic and environmental factors underlying individual differences in children's food preferences and neophobia. Twin studies indicate that neophobia is a strongly heritable characteristic, while specific food preferences show some genetic influence and are also influenced by the family environment. The advantage of the malleability of human food preferences is that dislike of a food can be reduced or even reversed by a combination of modelling and taste exposure. The need for effective guidance for parents who may be seeking to improve the range or nutritional value of foods accepted by their children is highlighted.

A crossover design to assess feeding preferences in terrestrial isopods: A case study in a Mediterranean species

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Montesanto ◽  
Sofia Cividini
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods

AbstractA crossover design was used to study food preferences and capability of nutritional acclimation to different food sources in terrestrial isopods, which live in xeric environments, by using

Color and side preferences in Palestine sunbirds (Nectarinia osea)

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainee L. Kaczorowski ◽  
Gali Blumenfeld ◽  
Avi Koplovich ◽  
Shai Markman
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Color Bias ◽  
Preference Experiment ◽  
Side Bias

Floral color is an important cue that converged in many ornithophilous flowers and can be used by nectarivorous birds to make foraging decisions. Wild ornithophilous flowers are frequently red, although they are more often yellow in Israel. The Palestine sunbird (Nectarinia osea) is the only nectarivorous bird in Israel and surrounding Mediterranean areas. Given the prevalence of yellow flowers in their habitats (along with sunbirds' expected sensitivity increase in this region of color vision), we predicted that Palestine sunbirds prefer yellow food sources over red. We examined sunbird foraging behavior when they were presented simultaneously with a yellow and red feeder, each containing the same quantity and quality of food. We investigated whether sunbirds had a side bias in the color preference experiment, but also in a separate experiment where both feeders were white. Sunbirds did not exhibit a significant color bias, while they did have a significant preference for a particular side of the cage. Location appears to be a more important cue than color to Palestine sunbirds, likely because location can offer information on the most rewarding plants and recently depleted flowers. However, color may still provide useful information that could influence foraging decisions in different contexts.

Experience and Selection Behavior in the Food Habits of Peromyscus: Use of Olfaction

Behaviour ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. Drickamer
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Specific Food

AbstractFeeding behavior in young and adult Peromyscus maniculalus and P. lcucopus was studied by examining the extent to which food habit could be modified by prior experience and by decribing the pattern of feeding behavior used by the mice in a three-choice situation. Modifiability of food preferences was investigated by providing mice with specific food-cue experience and testing their subsequent preferences. The food preferences of young and adult P. leucopus and young P. m. baiudi were significantly affected by the food-cue conditioning and the effect persisted for at least 30 days. Adult P. m. bairdi food preferences were not affected by the prior experience. Automatic monitoring devices were used to describe the patterning of feeding behavior with three choices present. Analyses showed that; (1) young mice were less flexible initially than adult mice; (2) adult P. leucopus switched feeding sites more frequently than any other group; and (3) young P. m. bairdi avoided a novel food-cue stimulus whereas the other test groups ate readily from this source. The principal conclusion was that P. leucopus exhibited more flexibility in feeding behavior than P. m. bairdi. Food habits and flexibility of feeding behavior were discussed in relation to the habitat distributions of these two species of mice.

scholarly journals Evidence for absence of bilateral transfer of olfactory learned information in Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Vijaykumar ◽  
Sandhya Mogily ◽  
Aparna Dutta-Gupta ◽  
Joby Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Associative Memories ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Honeybee Brain

AbstractCapacity and condition under which lateral transfer of olfactory memory is possible in insects are still debated. Here we present evidence consistent with lack of ability to transfer olfactory associative memory in two species of honeybees, Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata in a PER associative conditioning paradigm where the untrained antenna is blocked by an insulating coat. We show that the olfactory system on each side of the bee can learn and retrieve independently and the retrieval using the antenna on the side contralateral to the trained one is not affected by the training. Recreating the paradigm in which the memory on the contralateral side has been reported at three hours after training we see that the memory is available on the contralateral side immediately after training and moreover, training with trained side antenna coated with insulator does not prevent learning, pointing to a possible insufficiency of block of odor stimuli in this paradigm. Bee does not learn the odor stimuli applied to one side alone as a stimulus different from odor presented to both sides. Moreover the behaviour of the bee as a whole can be predicted if the sides are assumed to learn and store independently and the organism as a whole is able to retrieve the memory if either of the sides have learned.Summary StatementThe two halves of honeybee brain store and retrieve olfactory associative memories independently.

scholarly journals CONSUMO DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS E URBANOS PELO DIPLÓPODE Trigoniulus corallinus

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando De Sousa Antunes ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Scoriza ◽  
Dione Galvão da Silva ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Food

Os diplópodes são capazes de ingerir serapilheira parcialmente decomposta, transformando-a em matéria orgânica que enriquece o solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar potenciais fontes alimentares dos diplópodes da espécie Trigoniulus corallinus em laboratório fornecendo diferentes resíduos na forma de serrapilheira não decomposta, por um período de dez dias. Os resíduos utilizados neste experimento (todos senescentes) foram: aparas de grama batatais; folhas de gliricídia; de flemingia; de pata de vaca; de bananeira, além de um resíduo industrializado, neste caso, pedaços de papelão picado. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. Ao final de dez dias foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: massa seca do resíduo restante da alimentação dos diplópodes, massa seca dos coprólitos e mortalidade dos diplópodes. A mensuração das taxas de consumo dos diplópodes mostraram-se diferentes entre os tratamentos, sendo as maiores taxas observadas para as folhas de flemingia (25,4 %) seguido pelas folhas de gliricídia (21,2 %). A massa de coprólitos gerados foi maior a partir dos resíduos de flemingia (0,214 g) e foi ausente na presença de papelão e gliricídia. Observou-se 100% de mortalidade dos diplópodes após o consumo de folhas de gliricídia. Depreende-se dos resultados que diplópodes da espécie T. corallinus são capazes de ingerir resíduos pobres em nutrientes, porém exibem nitidamente preferência alimentar por resíduos que contenham maiores teores de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: gongolos, compostagem, agricultura orgânica. CONSUMPTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN WASTES BY THE DIPLOPODA Trigoniulus corallinus  ABSTRACT: Diplopods are able to ingest litter partially decomposed, transforming them into organic matter that enrich the soil. This work aimed to evaluate potential food sources of the dipropods of the specie Trigoniulus corallinus in the laboratory providing different residues in the form of non - decomposed litter for a period of ten days. The residues used in this experiment (all senescent) were: batatais grass cuttings; Gliricidia leaves; of Flemingia; of cow's foot; of banana tree, in addition to an industrialized residue, in this case pieces of cardboard. The design was completely randomized, with ten replications. At the end of ten days, the following parameters were evaluated: dry mass of the remaining diplopods feed, dry mass of coprolites and mortality of diplopods. The measurement of the consumption rates of the diplopods were different among the treatments, with the highest rates observed for the leaves of flemingia (25.4%) followed by the leaves of gliricidia (21.2%). The mass of generated coprolites was higher from the flemingia residues (0.214 g) and was absent in the presence of cardboard and gliricidia. It was observed 100% mortality of the diplopods after consumption of gliricidia leaves. It appears from the results that dipropods of T. corallinus species are able to ingest nutrient-poor residues, but clearly exhibit their food preferences for residues containing higher nutrient contents.Keywords: millipedes, composting, organic agriculture. 

scholarly journals Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Orang Rimba Selatan Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi: Studi Mikroetnografi Keluarga Njalo Dalam Menghadapi Pandemik

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Adi Prasetijo ◽  
Kristiawan John ◽  
Dwi Sutiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Industrial Plantation ◽  
Food Needs

The Orang Rimba are a hunting-gathering group that lives depending on the availability of the forest. Forests not only function as livelihoods but also have cultural significance as a resource for their cultural traditions. However, in the last few decades, forest conversion in Jambi province has increased. The increased function of forests in Jambi from forests as plantation areas, mining areas and industrial plantation forest areas has made the lives of the Orang Rimba as a hunting-gathering group increasingly threatened. Food security is a condition in which all people, at any time, have access both physically, socially, and economically to adequate, safe, and nutritious food which can meet food needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Through the micro ethnography approach, the purpose of this paper is to know and understand the phenomenon of food security from the perspective of the Orang Rimba as seen from its availability, adequacy, affordability, and security. Orang Rimba have food security by relying on food sources available in the forest. In a state of urgency they will return to the forest.

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