scholarly journals Ecological Entomology: How Is Gibson’s Framework Useful?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Aimie Berger Dauxère ◽  
Julien R. Serres ◽  
Gilles Montagne
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Experimental Protocols

To date, numerous studies have demonstrated the fundamental role played by optic flow in the control of goal-directed displacement tasks in insects. Optic flow was first introduced by Gibson as part of their ecological approach to perception and action. While this theoretical approach (as a whole) has been demonstrated to be particularly suitable for the study of goal-directed displacements in humans, its usefulness in carrying out entomological field studies remains to be established. In this review we would like to demonstrate that the ecological approach to perception and action could be relevant for the entomologist community in their future investigations. This approach could provide a conceptual and methodological framework for the community in order to: (i) take a critical look at the research carried out to date, (ii) develop rigorous and innovative experimental protocols, and (iii) define scientific issues that push the boundaries of the current scientific field. After a concise literature review about the perceptual control of displacement in insects, we will present the framework proposed by Gibson and suggest its added value for carrying out research in the field of behavioral ecology in insects.

scholarly journals Optic Flow: Perceiving and Acting in a 3-D World

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166952098725
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Many ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Radical Ideas

In 1979, James Gibson completed his third and final book “The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception”. That book can be seen as the synthesis of the many radical ideas he proposed over the previous 30 years – the concept of information and its sufficiency, the necessary link between perception and action, the need to see perception in relation to an animal's particular ecological niche and the meanings (affordances) offered by the visual world. One of the fundamental concepts that lies beyond all of Gibson's thinking is that of optic flow: the constantly changing patterns of light that reach our eyes and the information it provides. My purpose in writing this paper has been to evaluate the legacy of Gibson's conceptual ideas and to consider how his ideas have influenced and changed the way we study perception.

scholarly journals The Direction of Walking—but Not Throwing or Kicking—Is Adapted by Optic Flow

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Bruggeman ◽  
William H. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Functional Mapping ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Coordinate Frames ◽  
Negative Aftereffect

Optic flow is known to adapt the direction of walking, but the locus of adaptation remains unknown. The effect could be due to realignment of anatomical eye, head, trunk, and leg coordinate frames or to recalibration of a functional mapping from the visual direction of the target to the direction of locomotion. We tested whether adaptation of walking to a target, with optic flow displaced by 10°, transfers to facing, throwing, and kicking a ball to the target. A negative aftereffect for initial walking direction failed to transfer to head orientation or throwing or kicking direction. Thus, participants effectively threw or kicked the ball to the target, and then walked in another direction to retrieve it. These findings are consistent with recalibration of a task-specific visuo-locomotor mapping, revealing a functional level of organization in perception and action.

scholarly journals Ecological approach to perception and action: Fundaments for motor behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio T. Fonseca ◽  
Christina D. C. M. Faria ◽  
Juliana M. Ocarino ◽  
Marisa C. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Perception And Action ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Direct Realism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Standpoint ◽  
Human Motor

The objective of the present study is to introduce the philosophical position and the core concepts of the Ecological Approach to Perception and Action, emphasizing its principles and its uniqueness in relation to other theories related to motor behavior. The Ecological Approach, as opposed to other approaches, assumes the direct realism as its philosophical standpoint. Thus, the Ecological Approach to Perception and Action proposes the concepts of specificity, direct perception and affordance. By assuming the direct realism, the Ecological Approach to Perception and Action commits to the mutuality animal  environment and perception and action, and proposes that the dualism, commonly found in other theories, does not contribute to the understanding of human motor behavior. The choice of a given theory, during the process of scientific investigation, implies in a commitment to the philosophical views and to the principles and assumptions in which it is based. The knowledge about the core concepts of the Ecological Approach may support the decision making process about accepting or rejecting the ideas advanced by James Gibson and, consequently, direct the use of this theory to the development of investigations on perception and action.

scholarly journals Social business intelligence: Review and research directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gioti ◽  
Stavros T. Ponis ◽  
Nikolaos Panayiotou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Shock ◽  
Media Data

Social business intelligence (SBI) is a rather novel discipline, emerged in theacademic and business literature as a result of the convergence of two distinct researchdomains: business intelligence (BI) and social media. Traditional BI scientists and practitioners,after an inevitable initial shock, are currently discovering and acknowledge the potential of usergenerated content (UGD) published in social media as an invaluable and inexhaustible sourceof information capable of supporting a wide range of business activities. The confluence of thesetwo emerging domains is already producing new added value organizational processes andenhanced business capabilities utilized by companies all over the world to effectively harnesssocial media data and analyze them in order to produce added value information such ascustomer profiles and demographics, search habits, and social behaviors. Currently the SBIdomain is largely uncharted, characterized by controversial definitions of terms and concepts,fragmented and isolated research efforts, obstacles created by proprietary data, systems andtechnologies that are not mature yet. This paper aspires to be one of the few -to our knowledge contemporaryefforts to explore the SBI scientific field, clarify definitions and concepts,structure the documented research efforts in the area and finally formulate an agenda of futureresearch based on the identification of current research shortcomings and limitations.

J. J. Gibson’s most radical idea: The development of a new law-based psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Raja
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Ecological Psychology ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Simple Stimulus

J. J. Gibson spent most of his career developing his own theory of perception. The culmination of his work was the ecological approach to visual perception, but during more than three decades he had challenged many of the central concepts of psychology and his own convictions regarding the foundations of perception. In this article I argue that the driving force of the development of ecological psychology was Gibson’s most radical idea: that psychology needs a law-based explanatory strategy at its own scale to be successful. According to Gibson, instead of pursuing explanations based on the patching up of simple stimulus-response events with the postulation of more or less lawful sub-personal mechanisms, psychology needs its own laws at a proper scale to provide legitimate explanations for perception and action.

Music and affordances

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Luke Windsor ◽  
Christophe de Bézenac
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Musical Settings ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Musical Context ◽  
Perceptual Systems

This paper explores the extent to which ideas developed in The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems and further refined in The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception ( Gibson, 1966 ; 1979 ) can be applied to the analysis of perception and action in musical settings. The ecological approach to perception has rarely been applied to music, although some recent work in ecological acoustics, music theory and music psychology has begun to show an interest in direct perception of events and objects. We would argue that despite this pioneering work, Gibson’s most radical and controversial idea, that of the direct perception of affordances ( Gibson, 1979 ), has not been adequately addressed in a musical context. Following an introduction to the theoretical background to affordances and a review of the ways in which previous authors have investigated ecological approaches to auditory perception, we show how both the production and perception of music can fruitfully be analysed using the concept of affordances, and how such an approach neatly integrates seemingly active and passive engagement with music. In addition, we place this ecological approach to music within a broader empirical context, giving examples of music-psychological, ethnomusicological and neuroscientific evidence which complement our more theoretical approach. In conclusion, we argue that the links between the performance, composition and reception are underpinned by the mutuality of perception and action.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gilbert ◽  
Andrew J. McBain
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Resistance Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Resistant Strains

SUMMARY There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics, indiscriminate use of biocides might contribute to the overall pattern of susceptibility in the general environment and in the clinic. Such speculation, based on the isolation of resistant mutants from in vitro monoculture experiments, is not reflected by an emergence of biocide-resistant strains in vivo. This review provides a broad coverage of the biocide and resistance literature and evaluates the potential risks, perceived from such laboratory monoculture experiments, against evidence gathered over 50 years of field studies. An explanation for the continued effectiveness of broad-spectrum biocidal agents against the decline in efficacy of therapeutic agents is provided based on the fitness costs of resistance and the ubiquity of naturally occurring substances that possess antibacterial effect. While we conclude from this review of the literature that the incorporation of antibacterial agents into a widening sphere of personal products has had little or no impact on the patterns of microbial susceptibility observed in the environment, the associated risks remain finite. The use of such products should therefore be associated with a clear demonstration of added value either to consumer health or to the product life. Hygienic products should therefore be targeted to applications for which the risks have been established.

Accuracy of Perceptual Processes Subserving Different Perception–Action Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud J. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Perceptual Accuracy ◽  
Initiation Point ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Perception Action

The accuracy of perceptual processes subserving different perception–action systems was evaluated by presenting subjects (N = 17) with similar optic flow patterns, while requiring different actions from them. Squash balls were dropped along a fixed trajectory, and subjects were asked to (a) hit the ball using their own arm, (b) release an artificial arm to hit the ball, and (c) indicate when the ball was at the point of contact of conditions (a) and (b). The variability of the temporal initiation point of the actions, which served as an operationalization of perceptual accuracy, was compared under all three conditions. The results indicated that the variability of the temporal initiation point was smallest under the natural arm condition, even though movement time was more variable here than under the artificial arm condition. It is argued that, because perception and action are intimately interwoven components of a perceiving/acting system, it is not an extrinsically (experimenter-) determined simplicity of perceptual and/or motor aspects of the task, but the intrinsic make-up of this overarching system that determines which couplings lead to a more accurate performance.

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