https://www.ijherjournal.com/journaldetail/comparative-religions-reality-and-challenges-methodological-approach_118#:~:text=COMPARATIVE%20RELIGIONS%2C%20REALITY%20AND%20CHALLENGES%3A%20METHODOLOGICAL%20APPROACH

The branch of comparative religions has developed during the poste-globalisation era, and has gained great popularity worldwide for several reasons, among the most important events related to terrorism, which the western media has been attributing to demonized religions, especially Islam. This was one of the most inciting cognitive motives for conducting this study. However the main motive was to contribute to the renewal of the comparative religions curriculum, and avoid the traditional teaching and researches approaches whether it is accredited in Islamic universities and in fundamental and western traditional theology, these institutions are working excursively on whitewashing their religion and condemning other religions while ignoring the historical and geopolitical context. In conclusion this was the essence of this study about the methodological approach of comparative religions, and its various challenges through the exemplary comparison between the conservative Jewish woman and the Christian woman. Keywords: History, Record, Curriul, Extremism

THE EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORY RECORD ~METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

Historical knowledge has always occupied a distinctive status in human knowledge, as it can truly liberate humankind from their illusions and the transcendent conception of oneself and the past eras, which requires both objectivity and scientific approach. Therefore, I was keen on providing through this research, a historical study revolving mainly around the methodological, scientific, and critical approach, as well as its cognitive aspect in terms of the importance of content, in order to examine the current situation by studying the past. Therefore, a trustworthy historian is required to be based on his awareness of the conditions which he lives under, regardless of his geographical location. And he must wonder: isn’t it among the most crucial and important tasks of the historian, today, to be as equally invested in his current era and circumstances by being a legitimate thinker, even if he was dating back to previous eras ? Are we not supposed to benefit from the methods of experts in sociology and history and critical methodology, in the times where the Islamic minds stagnated, without neglecting the necessity to pay attention to the pitfalls of these curriculums? I have noticed that there has been a cruel indulgence in the early Islamic history record. This requires Muslim researchers, thinkers, and historians to dig deeper into the early Islamic past, as well as getting rid of the emotional reading because of how it impacts the way Muslims perceive their religion, history and how they subsequently react and relate to others who are different from them. This leads to increasing their extremist tendencies and intolerances.

Unusual Case of Posterior Fossa Extradural Hematoma in a Child: Review of the Literature

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEH) is a rare pathology often due to nuchal region trauma. In children, PFEH causes rapid decline of the neurological status also for brain stem compression. Early brain computed tomography (CT) scan is necessary suspicious for PFEH. Most patients need surgical evacuation. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> In this article, we present a 5-year-old patient arrived for meningitis that came out in favor of PFEH after an accurate history record. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Accurate anamnestic records, especially in pediatric patients, prevent from misleading clinic and neurological presentation. Brain CT scan is an indispensable diagnostic tool in order to promptly recognize and treat PFEH considering that rapid cognitive impairment of patients raises the risk of mortality and morbidity.

Heart failure hospitalization trends during a very long-term follow-up up to 18 years

Background Heart Failure (HF) is the first cause of hospitalizations in people older than 65 years. Often patients suffer recurrent hospital admissions. Objective To assess recurrent HF-related hospitalizations during very long-term follow-up in a cohort of HF outpatients managed in an ambulatory structured HF Unit. Methods End of follow-up was 31.8.2019 (at least 1-year follow-up for alive patients, up to 18 years). Heart failure hospitalizations were defined as unplanned hospitalizations of at least 24 hours due to worsening heart failure and were identified from clinic records, hospital wards, or electronic Catalan history record. Death was recorded from the same sources and Spanish Health System and Spanish Death Registry. Lost information during follow-up was adequately censored (1 patient for survival status and 37 for HF-related hospitalizations). Results A total of 2355 patients were included. Follow-up span a total of 12,472 patients-years. 1682 HF-related hospitalizations were recorded in 725 patients (13.5 per 100 patients-years). Number of admissions ranged from 0 in 1630 patients to 22 in 1 patient (patients with hospitalizations, median 2 [Q1-Q3, 1–3]; 118 patients had 4 or more hospitalizations). HF hospitalization density incidence was higher during the 10 first years in patients with HF hospitalizations in the precedent year before HF Clinic baseline visit (table). By contrast, if only patients who died during follow-up were considered (N=1299), hospitalization trends significantly increased in their last period of life: 11.7%, 8.9%, 13.6%, 20.8% and 44.9% from the first to the last period (quintile) of their trajectory, respectively. Conclusions HF hospitalizations occur during the whole HF trajectory, with an increasing trend at the end of the every patient trajectory. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Death in the Line of Duty: Caregivers in the Plague narratives

The dystopian tropes in the plague narratives shift our gaze from the presence of professional ethics to the Gothic horror that unfolds subsequently. Yet whether it is the Great Plague of London in the year 1665, or the Novel Coronavirus in Mumbai in the year 2020, the rampant spread of the contagion and the associated dread bring into focus the selflessness of the caregivers, namely, the medical and the para-medic staff. Comparing the occurrences, one historical, the other still unfolding, this study examines the eery similarities that delineate contagion as metaphor, and the role of doctors in the pandemics. The aim is to find out what happens when the doctors stumble – to succumb to fear, to fall prey to diseases that flesh is subject to, or to violate the oath of Hippocrates. We intend to scrutinize if like soldiers on the battle-front, these frontline warriors also keep their tryst with death in the line of duty, or does History record otherwise. Whether the pestilence be classical or modern, the response of the caregivers is the cornerstone on which any society is grounded. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if courage in the face of disaster is still relevant in this age of anxiety, or does self-preservation win against ethics and morality. A close reading of Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year gives us an insight into the timelessness of such issues, especially in a world that is plagued with maladies of its own making.

Fallujah in the Writings of Foreign Travelers in the Ottoman Era

Writings of foreign travelers have a prominent place in the modern history record of Fallujah, their views cannot be found in other sources. These writings recorded by foreign travelers have tackled economic, social, cultural and archaeological themes. However, one must be cautious in dealing with the information derived from such writings. This research paper investigates the writings of travelers to Fallujah from the second half of the16th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The journeys of these travelers were motivated by factors relating to geographic exploration, economic interests, scientific field studies, and intelligence activities. In search of a trade route to the east of Asia and India, Western colonial governments started exploring routes through the Cape of Good Hope and the Euphrates. Fallujah was the final destination along the Euphrates route, and many travelers journeyed there, and their writings contain descriptions of important stopping places along the river, the charming nature along the landscape, as well as the risks and difficulties of navigation. Travelers also recorded their views and observations of Fallujah’s houses, local economy, and the role of its port as a final travel destination en route Baghdad. The study offers new insights concerning some of the most prominent travelers who passed through Fallujah, including Cesar Frederick, Leonhardt Rauwolff, and Ralph Fitch. The information provided by these travelers can serve as a basis for a hypothesis suggesting that Fallujah was not established in the late 19th century, as some modern scholars argue but was actually-discovered during this period, having already thrived for several centuries. Keywords: Foreign Travelers; Iraq; Ottoman Era; Euphrates; Fallujah.

Conclusion

This concluding chapter addresses the significance of examining the legal history record to better understand the nature, influences, and values of contemporary institutions. It is important to know, for example, why the modern law on the interception of communications contains the unique and eccentric power of the Home Secretary rather than a judge to issue warrants to authorize the opening of mail and the tapping of phones. The historical record also more clearly casts light on the close relationship between the Security Service and the government, which by virtue of this procedure not only knows about but also authorizes MI5 targets and operations, raising doubts about the operational independence of MI5. Moreover, the experience of the past helps in assessing problems of the present. In particular, it gives credibility and continuity to complaints about the use and abuse of surveillance powers and the corruption of the criminal justice system for political ends.

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, 1902–1912: Britain's first local environmental records centre

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, Britain's first local environmental records centre, collected and collated records, mainly of birds but including also mammals and fishes, from amateur naturalists. It initially covered an area of 80 kilometres around Carlisle, and later from Cumberland, Westmorland and the detached portion of Lancashire north of Morecambe Bay: in effect the modern-day county of Cumbria. At the end of each year, those records which had been accepted were logged in a special “Record Book”, and a summary published. For the first eight years of its ten-year existence (1902–1912), these were printed in the local newspaper, The Carlisle Journal, but from 1908 they also appeared in The Zoologist. Alongside the Record Bureau, the Museum undertook a number of other activities, including a short-lived attempt to establish a bird-ringing project, an investigation into the impact of black-headed gulls ( Chroicocephalus ridibundus) on farming and fisheries interests (an early example of economic ornithology), the setting up of Kingmoor Nature Reserve and the protection of nesting peregrines ( Falco peregrinus), buzzards ( Buteo buteo) and ravens ( Corvus corax). The effectiveness of the Natural History Record Bureau and the reasons for its demise are briefly discussed.