scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol on the Emergence and Adult Parasitoid Survival of Mummies of Cotton Aphids Parasitized by Aphidius colemani

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Errol Hassan ◽  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Ellen Talairamo Iramu ◽  
Doug George ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Residual Toxicity

Beneficial insects play a major role in controlling pest populations. In sustainable agricultural production systems, control methods compatible with integrated pest management (IPM) are preferred over broad-spectrum pesticides. EOs from aromatic plants may provide a new and safe alternative to synthetic chemicals. In this research, the efficacy of Fungatol, Gamma-T-ol, Fungatol plus neem, and Gamma-T-ol plus neem was evaluated against Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Aphidiidae), the parasitoid of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, five different concentrations of each formulation were applied to parasitized mummies and adult parasitoids. Results for parasitoid emergence from aphid mummies sprayed with different concentrations of Fungatol, Gamma-T-ol, Fungatol plus neem, and Gamma-T-ol plus neem in the laboratory and glasshouse showed that the formulations did not adversely affect adult emergence as rates above 60% were observed. For residual toxicity tests done by exposing adult parasitoids to a fresh, dry biopesticide film sprayed on glass plates, less than 20% mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure. Adult longevity tests revealed that the highest concentrations of some of the formulations evaluated were slightly toxic to A. colemani. According to the IOBC rating, our results indicated that most of the tested concentrations for each formulation were harmless to A. colemani. Based on the above results, it may be proposed that the formulations evaluated in this study are potential botanical pesticide candidates for incorporation into an IPM program.

scholarly journals Thiacloprid + Deltamethrin Against the Cotton Aphid and the Parasitoid Wasp Aphidius Colemani: From Lethal to Sublethal Population Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Majidpour ◽  
Nariman Maroofpour ◽  
Mojtaba Ghane-Jahromi ◽  
Raul Narciso C. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The side effects of insecticides on non-target species are important to secure the intended effectiveness of pest management programs. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a frequent problem in industrial greenhouse cultivation, and insecticide and parasitoids are often used for crop protection. Among insecticides, mixtures are playing increasing roles in pest management in greenhouse production system, as well as parasitoid use. The insecticide mixture thiacloprid + deltamethrin and the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani are the main agents used against the cotton aphid and are the focus of this study. Here, we report the effects of the thiacloprid + deltamethrin on A. gossypii and Aphidius colemani. The sublethal concentrations 2.80 mg ai/l (LC10) and 7.28 mg ai/l (LC30) compromised the demographic parameters of the aphid progeny and increased the development time at all juvenile stages. In addition, fecundity, longevity and population parameters (r, R0, and T) were significantly impaired by thiacloprid + deltamethrin, at both concentrations. The median lethal time estimate (LT50) for Aphidius colemani was 18.73 h; the parasitoid mortality was significant up to 24 h after application, but decreased afterwards. Regardless, the parasitoid life table parameters were also compromised by insecticide exposure, similarly to the parasitoid population growth and parasitism efficacy. These results demonstrate the effect of the insecticide mixture against A. gossypii, as well as the increased risk of its adverse impacts on the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, which signals against their simultaneous application to control this pest species.

Identification of Semiochemicals Released by Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, Upon Infestation by the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahabaleshwar Hegde ◽  
Janser N. Oliveira ◽  
Joao G. da Costa ◽  
Ervino Bleicher ◽  
Antonio E. G. Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Cotton Aphid

scholarly journals Toxicity and repellency of essential oils to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in Phaseolus vulgaris L

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Maria de França ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Belo Esteves Filho ◽  
Cynara Moura de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Citrus Medica ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Plastic Containers

The effects of tangerine (Phaseolus vulgaris Blanco), lemon (Citrus medica limonum Lush), pear orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), red copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.), rosemary (Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière and E. citriodora Hook), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and citronella (Cimbopogon nardus Linnaeus) oils at several concentrations on Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) were studied. In toxicity tests, grains of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rajadinho were impregnated with oils and infested with adults of Z. subfasciatus up to 24 hours old. All tested oils were effective in reducing the viable egg-laying and adult emergence of this pest, in function of the concentrations used, highlighting E. citriodora and E. globulus oils which caused 100% effectiveness from 0.5 mL Kg-1 concentration. In repellency tests, two arenas consisting of plastic containers, connected symmetrically to a central box by two plastic tubes were used. In one of the boxes, untreated beans were placed and on the other ones beans treated with each oil concentration were used. In the central box, five couples of Z. subfasciatus were released. Grains of P. vulgaris treated with oils of E. citriodora, C. citratus and C. oleifera reduced the attraction percentage of Z. subfasciatus adults, while the E. globulus increased this percentage. The percentages of reduced viable eggs ranged from 17.9% (C. medica limonum) to 93.3% (C. nardus), while the reduction on the number of emerged insects was 23.9% and 95.9%, respectively for these same oils.

scholarly journals Fitness Costs of the Glutathione S-Transferase Epsilon 2 (L119F-GSTe2) Mediated Metabolic Resistance to Insecticides in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles Funestus

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Doumani Djonabaye ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Life Traits

Metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. However, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we assessed the association between the glutathione S-transferase GSTe2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of Anopheles funestus. A total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female An. funestus (F0) were collected in Mibellon, Cameroon (2016/2017), and allowed to lay eggs individually. Genotyping of F1 mosquitoes for the L119F-GSTE2 mutation revealed that L/L119-homozygote susceptible (SS) mosquitoes significantly laid more eggs than heterozygotes L119F-RS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; p < 0.0001) and homozygote resistant 119F/F-RR (OR = 2.93; p < 0.0001). L/L119-SS susceptible mosquitoes also showed the higher ability for oviposition than 119F/F-RR resistant (OR = 2.68; p = 0.0002) indicating a reduced fecundity in resistant mosquitoes. Furthermore, L119F-RS larvae developed faster (nine days) than L119F-RR and L119F-SS (11 days) (X2 = 11.052; degree of freedom (df) = 4; p = 0.02) suggesting a heterozygote advantage effect for larval development. Interestingly, L/L119-SS developed faster than 119F/F-RR (OR = 5.3; p < 0.0001) revealing an increased developmental time in resistant mosquitoes. However, genotyping and sequencing revealed that L119F-RR mosquitoes exhibited a higher adult longevity compared to RS (OR > 2.2; p < 0.05) and SS (OR > 2.1; p < 0.05) with an increased frequency of GSTe2-resistant haplotypes in mosquitoes of D30 after adult emergence. Additionally, comparison of the expression of GSTe2 revealed a significantly increased expression from D1-D30 after emergence of adults (Anova test (F) = 8; df= 3; p = 0.008). The negative association between GSTe2 and some life traits of An. funestus could facilitate new resistance management strategies. However, the increased longevity of GSTe2-resistant mosquitoes suggests that an increase in resistance could exacerbate malaria transmission.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document