scholarly journals Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5163
Author(s):  
Charles T. Lutz ◽  
Lydia Livas ◽  
Steven R. Presnell ◽  
Morgan Sexton ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Lutz ◽  
Lydia Livas ◽  
Steven R Presnell ◽  
Morgan Sexton ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Lymphocyte Immunity

Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in natural killer (NK) cells because they are important, but often overlooked anti-cancer lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T Lutz ◽  
Lydia Livas ◽  
Steven R. R Presnell ◽  
Morgan Sexton ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Lymphocyte Immunity

Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in natural killer (NK) cells because they are important, but often overlooked anti-cancer lymphocytes.

Treatment of metastatic bladder cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Calabrò ◽  
Cora N. Sternberg
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Although bladder cancer is considered a chemosensitive malignancy, the prognosis of patients with metastatic disease is poor, with a median survival of approximately 12–14 months in good prognosis patients and with cure in only a minority. The addition of new drugs to the standard cisplatin-based regimens has not improved these outcomes. In this chapter, we highlight the role of chemotherapy and the impact of the new targeted agents in the treatment of metastatic bladder carcinoma. A better understanding of the underlying biology and the molecular patterns of urothelial bladder cancer has led to clinical investigation of several therapeutic targets. To date, these agents have yet to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival. Urothelial cancer is extremely sensitive to checkpoint inhibition with both anti PD-1 and anti PDL1 antibodies. The future seems brighter with the advent of these new therapies.

Association of FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor with urothelial bladder cancer in Tunisians: role of tobacco smoking and plasma vitamin D concentration

Tumor Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 6197-6203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj ◽  
Amani Kallel ◽  
Mohamed Mourad Gargouri ◽  
Mohamed Ali Ben Chehida ◽  
Ahmed Sallemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Foki Polymorphism ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

scholarly journals Progress in the Research and Targeted Therapy of ErbB/HER Receptors in Urothelial Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Chen ◽  
Yunlin Ye ◽  
Shengjie Guo ◽  
Kao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

Bladder cancer is a lethal malignancy and a majority of bladder cancer arise from urothelial cells. Infiltration and metastasis are barriers for the radical cystectomy to achieve favored outcome and are the main cause of death. Systemic therapy, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, is fundamental for these patients. erbB/HER receptors are found to be overexpressed in a subgroup of urothelial carcinoma, targeting erbB/HER receptors in these patients was found to be an efficient way in the era of genetic testing. To evaluate the role of erbB/HER receptors in bladder cancer, we reviewed the literature and ongoing clinical trials as regards to this topic to unveil the context of erbB/HER receptors in bladder cancer, which probably help to solidate the theoretical basis and might instruct further research.

Potential role of glycovariants of urinary MUC1 and CEA in sensitive detection of urothelial bladder cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. S140
Author(s):  
P. Syed ◽  
H. Kekki ◽  
J. Terävä ◽  
K. Gidwani ◽  
U. Lamminmäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

scholarly journals Cell adhesion and urothelial bladder cancer: the role of cadherin switching and related phenomena

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1661) ◽  
pp. 20140042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Strong Candidate

Cadherins are mediators of cell–cell adhesion in epithelial tissues. E-cadherin is a known tumour suppressor and plays a central role in suppressing the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. However, the abnormal expression of N- and P-cadherin (‘cadherin switching’, CS) has been shown to promote a more invasive and m̀alignant phenotype of cancer, with P-cadherin possibly acting as a key mediator of invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer. Cadherins are also implicated in numerous signalling events related to embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. It is these wide ranging effects and the serious implications of CS that make the cadherin cell adhesion molecules and their related pathways strong candidate targets for the inhibition of cancer progression, including bladder cancer. This review focuses on CS in the context of bladder cancer and in particular the switch to P-cadherin expression, and discusses other related molecules and phenomena, including EpCAM and the development of the cancer stem cell phenotype.

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